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Tiroid nodüllerine güncel yaklaşım: “2015 ATA” ve “2016 AACE/ACE/AME” kılavuzları derlemesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 18 - 23, 16.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.25000/acem.303852

Öz

Tiroid nodülleri ultrasonik değerlendirmelerde toplumda yaklaşık % 50-60 oranda görülebilen lezyonlardır. Tiroid nodüllerinin klinik önemi taşıdıkları malign potansiyelden kaynaklanmaktadır. Tiroid nodüllerindeki takip seçenekleri ve eğer gerekliyse cerrahi tedavi seçeneklerini belirlemek amacıyla birkaç farklı kuruluş tarafından oluşturulmuş kılavuzlar bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasından ATA ve AACE/ACE/AME tarafından oluşturulan kılavuzlar dünyanın pekçok merkezinde kabul görmüştür. Bu kılavuzların son uzlaşı toplantılarında güncellenen versiyonları uyarınca tiroid nodüllerinde ultrasonografi ve ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsisi konusundaki güncel durumu literatür eşliğinde sunmak bu yazının başlıca amacını oluşturmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Vander JB, Gaston EA, Dawber TR. The significance of nontoxic thyroid nodules. Final report of a 15-year study of the incidence of thyroid malignancy. Ann Intern Med 1968; 69: 537–540.
  • 2. Tunbridge WM, Evered DC, Hall R, Appleton D, Brewis M, Clark F, Evans JG, Young E, Bird T, Smith PA. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol 1977; 7: 481–493.
  • 3. Davies L, Welch HG. Current thyroid cancer trends in the United States. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 140: 317–322.
  • 4. Bryan R. Haugen, Erik K. Alexander, Keith C. Bible, Gerard M. Doherty, Susan J. Mandel, Yuri E. Nikiforov. et al. American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2015; 26: 1.
  • 5. Hossein Gharib, Enrico Papini , Jeffrey R. Garber, Daniel S. Duick , Mack Harrell, Laszlo Hegedüs et al. Amerıcan Assocıatıon of Clınıcal Endocrınologısts, Amerıcan College of Endocrınology, and Assocıazıone Medıcı Endocrınologı Medıcal Guıdelınes for Clınıcal Practıce for the Dıagnosıs and Management of Thyroıd Nodules – 2016 Update. Endocrıne Practıce 2016; 22: 1.
  • 6. Baskin HJ. Ultrasound of thyroid nodules. In: Baskin HJ, ed. Thyroid Ultrasound and Ultrasound- Guided FNA Biopsy. Boston, MA: Springer U.S.; 2000: 71-86.
  • 7. Solbiati L, Osti V, Cova L, Tonolini M. Ultrasound of thyroid, parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:2411-2424.
  • 8. Kwak JY, Han KH, Yoon JH, Moon HJ, Son EJ, Park SH, Jung HK, Choi JS, Kim BM, Kim EK. Thyroid imaging reporting and data system for US features of nodules: a step in establishing better stratification of cancer risk. Radiology 2011; 260: 892–899.
  • 9. Moon WJ, Jung SL, Lee JH, Na DG, Baek JH, Lee YH, Kim J, Kim HS, Byun JS, Lee DH. Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation—multicenter retrospective study. Radiology 2008; 247: 762–770.
  • 10. Moon HJ, Kwak JY, Kim MJ, Son EJ, Kim EK. Can vascularity at power Doppler US help predict thyroid malignancy? Radiology 2010; 255: 260–269.
  • 11. Salmaslioglu A, Erbil Y, Dural C, Issever H, Kapran Y, Ozarmagan S, Tezelman S. Predictive value of sonographic features in preoperative evaluation of malignant thyroid nodules in a multinodular goiter. World J Surg 2008; 32: 1948–1954.
  • 12. Papini E, Guglielmi R, Bianchini A, Crescenzi A, Taccogna S, Nardi F, Panunzi C, Rinaldi R, Toscano V, Pacella CM. Risk of malignancy in nonpalpable thyroid nodules: predictive value of ultrasound and color-Doppler features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 1941–1946.
  • 13. Gul K, Ersoy R, Dirikoc A, Korukluoglu B, Ersoy PE, Aydin R, Ugras SN, Belenli OK, Cakir B. Ultrasonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules: comparison of ultrasonographic, cytological, and histopathological findings. Endocrine 2009; 36: 464–472.
  • 14. Cappelli C, Pirola I, Cumetti D, Micheletti L, Tironi A, Gandossi E, Martino E, Cherubini L, Agosti B, Castellano M, Mattanza C, Rosei EA. Is the anteroposterior and transverse diameter ratio of nonpalpable thyroid nodules a sonographic criteria for recommending fine-needle aspiration cytology? Clin Endocrinol 2005; 63: 689–693.
  • 15. Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, Kunreuther E, Contreras M, Cibas ES, Orcutt J, Moore FD Jr, Larsen PR, Marqusee E, Alexander EK. Prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules on sonography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 3411–3417.
  • 16. Campanella P, Ianni F, Rota CA, Corsello SM, Pontecorvi A. Quantification of cancer risk of each clinical and ultrasonographic suspicious feature of thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014; 170: 203-211.
  • 17. Brito JP, Gionfriddo MR, Al NA, Boehmer KR, Leppin AL, Reading C, Callstrom M, Elraiyah TA, Prokop LJ, Stan MN, Murad MH, Morris JC, Montori VM. The accuracy of thyroid nodule ultrasound to predict thyroid cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99: 1253–1263.
  • 18. Jeh SK, Jung SL, Kim BS, Lee YS. Evaluating the degree of conformity of papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma to the reported ultrasonographic findings of malignant thyroid tumor. Korean J Radiol 2007; 8: 192–197.
  • 19. Papini E, Guglielmi R, Bianchini A, et al. Risk of malignancy in nonpalpable thyroid nodules: predictive value of ultrasound and color-Doppler features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87: 1941-1946.
  • 20. Horvath E, Majlis S, Rossi R, et al. An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94: 1748-1751.
  • 21. Moon WJ, Jung SL, Lee JH, et al. Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation multicenter retrospective study. Radiology. 2008; 247: 762-770.
  • 22. Kim EK, Park CS, Chung WY, et al. New sonographic criteria for recommending fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable solid nodules of the thyroid. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002; 178: 687-691.
  • 23. Corrias A, Einaudi S, Chiorboli E, et al. Accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules in detecting malignancy in childhood: comparison with conventional clinical, laboratory, and imaging approaches. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 86: 4644-4648.
  • 24. Nam-Goong IS, Kim HY, Gong G, Lee HK, Hong SJ, Kim WB, Shong YK Ultrasonography-guided fineneedle aspiration of thyroid incidentaloma: correlation with pathological findings. Clin Endocrinol 2004; 60: 21–28.
  • 25. Henrichsen TL, Reading CC, Charboneau JW, Donovan DJ, Sebo TJ, Hay ID. Cystic change in thyroid carcinoma: prevalence and estimated volume in 360 carcinomas. J Clin Ultrasound 2010; 38: 361–366.
  • 26. Horvath E, Majlis S, Rossi R, Franco C, Niedmann JP, Castro A, Dominguez M. An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 1748–1751.
  • 27. Tae HJ, Lim DJ, Baek KH, Park WC, Lee YS, Choi JE, Lee JM, Kang MI, Cha BY, Son HY, Lee KW, Kang SK. Diagnostic value of ultrasonography to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions in the management of thyroid nodules. Thyroid 2007; 17: 461–466.
  • 28. Shimura H, Haraguchi K, Hiejima Y, Fukunari N, Fujimoto Y, Katagiri M, Koyanagi N, Kurita T, Miyakawa M, Miyamoto Y, Suzuki N, Suzuki S, Kanbe M, Kato Y, Murakami T, Tohno E, Tsunoda-Shimizu H, Yamada K, Ueno E, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi T, Yokozawa T, Kitaoka M. Distinct diagnostic criteria for ultrasonographic examination of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a multicenter study. Thyroid 2005; 15: 251–258.
  • 29. Danese D, Sciacchitano S, Farsetti A, Andreoli M, Pontecorvi A. Diagnostic accuracy of conventional versus sonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. Thyroid 1998; 8: 15–21.
  • 30. Carmeci C, Jeffrey RB, McDougall IR, Nowels KW, Weigel RJ. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid masses. Thyroid 1998; 8: 283–289.
  • 31. Alexander EK, Heering JP, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Cibas ES, Marqusee E Assessment of nondiagnostic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations of thyroid nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 4924–4927.
  • 32. Layfield LJ, Abrams J, Cochand-Priollet B, Evans D, Gharib H, Greenspan F, Henry M, LiVolsi V, Merino M, Michael CW, Wang H, Wells SA. Post-thyroid FNA testing and treatment options: a synopsis of the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference. Diagn Cytopathol 2008; 36: 442–448.
  • 33. Puñales MK, da Rocha AP, Meotti C, Gross JL, Maia AL. Clinical and oncological features of children and young adults with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Thyroid. 2008; 18: 1261-1268.
  • 34. Hagag P, Strauss S, Weiss M. Role of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in evaluation of nonpalpable thyroid nodules. Thyroid 1998; 8: 989-995.
  • 35. Hamberger B, Gharib H, Melton LJ 3rd, Goellner JR, Zinsmeister AR. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: impact on thyroid practice and cost of care. Am J Med. 1982; 73: 381-384.

Current approach to thyroid nodules: Review of “ATA 2015” and “AACE/ACE/AME 2016” guidelines

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 18 - 23, 16.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.25000/acem.303852

Öz

Thyroid nodules are detected in up to %50-60 of the healthy people in ultrasonic evaluations. Clinical importance of the thyroid nodules arises from their malign potential. There are guidelines from several different organizations to determine follow-up options and, if necessary, surgical treatment options for thyroid nodules. Among them, the guidelines created by ATA and AACE/ACE/AME are accepted in many centers of the world. This paper aims to present the current status of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules in the context of the literature according to the updated versions of these guidelines.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Vander JB, Gaston EA, Dawber TR. The significance of nontoxic thyroid nodules. Final report of a 15-year study of the incidence of thyroid malignancy. Ann Intern Med 1968; 69: 537–540.
  • 2. Tunbridge WM, Evered DC, Hall R, Appleton D, Brewis M, Clark F, Evans JG, Young E, Bird T, Smith PA. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol 1977; 7: 481–493.
  • 3. Davies L, Welch HG. Current thyroid cancer trends in the United States. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 140: 317–322.
  • 4. Bryan R. Haugen, Erik K. Alexander, Keith C. Bible, Gerard M. Doherty, Susan J. Mandel, Yuri E. Nikiforov. et al. American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2015; 26: 1.
  • 5. Hossein Gharib, Enrico Papini , Jeffrey R. Garber, Daniel S. Duick , Mack Harrell, Laszlo Hegedüs et al. Amerıcan Assocıatıon of Clınıcal Endocrınologısts, Amerıcan College of Endocrınology, and Assocıazıone Medıcı Endocrınologı Medıcal Guıdelınes for Clınıcal Practıce for the Dıagnosıs and Management of Thyroıd Nodules – 2016 Update. Endocrıne Practıce 2016; 22: 1.
  • 6. Baskin HJ. Ultrasound of thyroid nodules. In: Baskin HJ, ed. Thyroid Ultrasound and Ultrasound- Guided FNA Biopsy. Boston, MA: Springer U.S.; 2000: 71-86.
  • 7. Solbiati L, Osti V, Cova L, Tonolini M. Ultrasound of thyroid, parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:2411-2424.
  • 8. Kwak JY, Han KH, Yoon JH, Moon HJ, Son EJ, Park SH, Jung HK, Choi JS, Kim BM, Kim EK. Thyroid imaging reporting and data system for US features of nodules: a step in establishing better stratification of cancer risk. Radiology 2011; 260: 892–899.
  • 9. Moon WJ, Jung SL, Lee JH, Na DG, Baek JH, Lee YH, Kim J, Kim HS, Byun JS, Lee DH. Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation—multicenter retrospective study. Radiology 2008; 247: 762–770.
  • 10. Moon HJ, Kwak JY, Kim MJ, Son EJ, Kim EK. Can vascularity at power Doppler US help predict thyroid malignancy? Radiology 2010; 255: 260–269.
  • 11. Salmaslioglu A, Erbil Y, Dural C, Issever H, Kapran Y, Ozarmagan S, Tezelman S. Predictive value of sonographic features in preoperative evaluation of malignant thyroid nodules in a multinodular goiter. World J Surg 2008; 32: 1948–1954.
  • 12. Papini E, Guglielmi R, Bianchini A, Crescenzi A, Taccogna S, Nardi F, Panunzi C, Rinaldi R, Toscano V, Pacella CM. Risk of malignancy in nonpalpable thyroid nodules: predictive value of ultrasound and color-Doppler features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 1941–1946.
  • 13. Gul K, Ersoy R, Dirikoc A, Korukluoglu B, Ersoy PE, Aydin R, Ugras SN, Belenli OK, Cakir B. Ultrasonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules: comparison of ultrasonographic, cytological, and histopathological findings. Endocrine 2009; 36: 464–472.
  • 14. Cappelli C, Pirola I, Cumetti D, Micheletti L, Tironi A, Gandossi E, Martino E, Cherubini L, Agosti B, Castellano M, Mattanza C, Rosei EA. Is the anteroposterior and transverse diameter ratio of nonpalpable thyroid nodules a sonographic criteria for recommending fine-needle aspiration cytology? Clin Endocrinol 2005; 63: 689–693.
  • 15. Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, Kunreuther E, Contreras M, Cibas ES, Orcutt J, Moore FD Jr, Larsen PR, Marqusee E, Alexander EK. Prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules on sonography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 3411–3417.
  • 16. Campanella P, Ianni F, Rota CA, Corsello SM, Pontecorvi A. Quantification of cancer risk of each clinical and ultrasonographic suspicious feature of thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014; 170: 203-211.
  • 17. Brito JP, Gionfriddo MR, Al NA, Boehmer KR, Leppin AL, Reading C, Callstrom M, Elraiyah TA, Prokop LJ, Stan MN, Murad MH, Morris JC, Montori VM. The accuracy of thyroid nodule ultrasound to predict thyroid cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99: 1253–1263.
  • 18. Jeh SK, Jung SL, Kim BS, Lee YS. Evaluating the degree of conformity of papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma to the reported ultrasonographic findings of malignant thyroid tumor. Korean J Radiol 2007; 8: 192–197.
  • 19. Papini E, Guglielmi R, Bianchini A, et al. Risk of malignancy in nonpalpable thyroid nodules: predictive value of ultrasound and color-Doppler features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87: 1941-1946.
  • 20. Horvath E, Majlis S, Rossi R, et al. An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94: 1748-1751.
  • 21. Moon WJ, Jung SL, Lee JH, et al. Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation multicenter retrospective study. Radiology. 2008; 247: 762-770.
  • 22. Kim EK, Park CS, Chung WY, et al. New sonographic criteria for recommending fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable solid nodules of the thyroid. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002; 178: 687-691.
  • 23. Corrias A, Einaudi S, Chiorboli E, et al. Accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules in detecting malignancy in childhood: comparison with conventional clinical, laboratory, and imaging approaches. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 86: 4644-4648.
  • 24. Nam-Goong IS, Kim HY, Gong G, Lee HK, Hong SJ, Kim WB, Shong YK Ultrasonography-guided fineneedle aspiration of thyroid incidentaloma: correlation with pathological findings. Clin Endocrinol 2004; 60: 21–28.
  • 25. Henrichsen TL, Reading CC, Charboneau JW, Donovan DJ, Sebo TJ, Hay ID. Cystic change in thyroid carcinoma: prevalence and estimated volume in 360 carcinomas. J Clin Ultrasound 2010; 38: 361–366.
  • 26. Horvath E, Majlis S, Rossi R, Franco C, Niedmann JP, Castro A, Dominguez M. An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94: 1748–1751.
  • 27. Tae HJ, Lim DJ, Baek KH, Park WC, Lee YS, Choi JE, Lee JM, Kang MI, Cha BY, Son HY, Lee KW, Kang SK. Diagnostic value of ultrasonography to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions in the management of thyroid nodules. Thyroid 2007; 17: 461–466.
  • 28. Shimura H, Haraguchi K, Hiejima Y, Fukunari N, Fujimoto Y, Katagiri M, Koyanagi N, Kurita T, Miyakawa M, Miyamoto Y, Suzuki N, Suzuki S, Kanbe M, Kato Y, Murakami T, Tohno E, Tsunoda-Shimizu H, Yamada K, Ueno E, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi T, Yokozawa T, Kitaoka M. Distinct diagnostic criteria for ultrasonographic examination of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a multicenter study. Thyroid 2005; 15: 251–258.
  • 29. Danese D, Sciacchitano S, Farsetti A, Andreoli M, Pontecorvi A. Diagnostic accuracy of conventional versus sonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. Thyroid 1998; 8: 15–21.
  • 30. Carmeci C, Jeffrey RB, McDougall IR, Nowels KW, Weigel RJ. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid masses. Thyroid 1998; 8: 283–289.
  • 31. Alexander EK, Heering JP, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Cibas ES, Marqusee E Assessment of nondiagnostic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations of thyroid nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 4924–4927.
  • 32. Layfield LJ, Abrams J, Cochand-Priollet B, Evans D, Gharib H, Greenspan F, Henry M, LiVolsi V, Merino M, Michael CW, Wang H, Wells SA. Post-thyroid FNA testing and treatment options: a synopsis of the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference. Diagn Cytopathol 2008; 36: 442–448.
  • 33. Puñales MK, da Rocha AP, Meotti C, Gross JL, Maia AL. Clinical and oncological features of children and young adults with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Thyroid. 2008; 18: 1261-1268.
  • 34. Hagag P, Strauss S, Weiss M. Role of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in evaluation of nonpalpable thyroid nodules. Thyroid 1998; 8: 989-995.
  • 35. Hamberger B, Gharib H, Melton LJ 3rd, Goellner JR, Zinsmeister AR. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: impact on thyroid practice and cost of care. Am J Med. 1982; 73: 381-384.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Cerrahi, İç Hastalıkları
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Abdullah Şişik

Fatih Başak

Emin Köse

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Şişik A, Başak F, Köse E. Current approach to thyroid nodules: Review of “ATA 2015” and “AACE/ACE/AME 2016” guidelines. Arch Clin Exp Med. 2017;2(1):18-23.