Amaç: Depresyon çocukluk yaş grubu için önemli bir hastalık olup erken tanı oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda hastane ortamında bulunan çocuklarda depresyon düzeylerinin saptanması ve depresyonun ortaya çıkmasına neden olan süreçlerin irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte çalışmamıza polikliniklere başvuran çocuk hastalar ile servislerde yatan çocuk hastalar dâhil edilmiştir. Hastalara çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği ile hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, ailenin gelir düzeyleri ve çocukların sosyal medya kullanımı gibi sosyo-demografik özelliklere ve kişisel bilgilere yönelik toplam 22 sorudan oluşan bir anket uygulandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmamıza dahil olma kriterlerini karşılayan 72 katılımcı alındı. Bu katılımcıların 38’i kız (%52,8), 34 tanesi erkek (%47,2) idi. Hastalarda çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği puanları açısından bakıldığında, depresyon ölçeği puan ortalaması 10,39 ± 5,99 (2–30) idi. Çalışmamızda 72 hastanın 7 (%9,7) tanesinde depresyon ölçeği puanları yüksek olarak bulundu. Hastaların depresyon ölçeği puanları ile yaş arasında anlamlı ilişki mevcuttu. (p=0,033). Ayrıca çocuklarda sigara içme durumu ile depresyon puanları ve uyku süresi ile depresyon puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Sigara içmenin varlığı ile depresyon puanları artmaktaydı.
Sonuç: Çocuk hastanelerine başvuran veya hastanede yatmakta olan çocuk hastaların depresyon açısından taranması erken tanı ve dolayısıyla tedaviye olanak sağlayabilir. Özellikle uyku problemleri ile hastaneye başvuran, sigara içen, ileri yaştaki çocuklar depresyon açısından da taranmalıdır.
Yazarlar, makale araştırmalarına ve veri toplanmasına yardımcı oldukları için Afife Akdemir, Ayşe Yaşargün, Fatma Şahin, Hacer Aydın, Hande Yılmaz, Merve Can, Merve Özden, Nazlıcan Yüzer, Yusuf İslam Cengiz, Zehra Özdemir ve Zeynep İşlek’e teşekkür ederler.
Kaynakça
1. Öztürk O, Uluşahin A. Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. 15. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Kitabevi, 2018.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
3. Doğan O, Gülmez H. Ketenoğlu C. Epidemiology of Mental Disorders. Sivas: Dilek Matbaası, 1999.
4. Bodur Ş, Üner ÖŞ. Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a review. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2008;9:105–10.
5. Hamrin V, Pachler MC. Child & adolescent depression: review of the latest evidence-based treatments. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2005;43:54-63.
6. Gültekin G, Baran G. Disease and Child. Journal of Social Policy Studies. 2015;8(8):1-8.
7. Er M. Child, illness, parents and siblings. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2006;49:155-68.
8. Kovacs M. The Children’s Depression, Inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacol Bull. 1985;21:995–8.
9. Öy B. Depression scale for children: validity and reliability study. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1991;2:132–7.
10. Mendelson T, Tandon SD. Prevention of Depression in Childhood and Adolescence. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2016;25(2):201-18.
11. Luby JL. Preschool Depression: The Importance of Identification of Depression Early in Development. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2010;19:91–5.
12. Rangaka M, Rose C, Richter L. Depressive symptomatology in hospitalised children. Curationis. 1993;16(2):40-4.
13. Tamar M, Özbaran B. Depression in Children and Adolescents. Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;Suppl 2:84-92.
14. Ertekin Pınar Ş, Tel H. The relationship between depression levels and perceptions of social support in primary education 4.-7. class students. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2012;19:69-80.
15. Toros F, Bilgin NG, Bugdayci R, Sasmaz T, Kurt O, Camdeviren H. Prevalence of depression as measured by the CBDI in a predominantly adolescent school population in Turkey. Eur Psychiatry. 2004;19:264–71. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.04.020.
16. Demir T, Karacetin G, Demir DE, Uysal O. Epidemiology of depression in an urban population of Turkish children and adolescents. J Affect Disord 2011;134:168–76.
17. Bodur S, Küçükkendirci H. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in Turkish adolescents. Eur J Gen Med. 2009;6:204–12.
18. Yılmazel G, Günay O. Self-esteem and depression in students between the ages of 12-17 studying in the Kargı district of Çorum. Journal of Health Sciences. 2012;21:20–29.
19. Weller EB, Weller RA, Svadjian H. Mood disorders. In: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry A Comprehensive Text Book, Lewis M (ed), 2nd ed, Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins, A Waverly Company; 1996:650-66.
20. Esmaeeli MR, Erfani Sayar R, Saghebi A, et al. Screening for depression in hospitalized pediatric patients. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014;8(1):47-51.
21. Afifi M. Depression in adolescents: gender differences in Oman and Egypt. East Mediterr Health J. 2006;12:61–71.
22. Meadows SO, Brown JS, Elder GHJ. Depressive symptoms, stress, and support: gendered trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2006;35:93–103. doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-9021-6
23. Garber J, Horowitz JL. Depression in children. In: Gotlib IH, Hammen CL (editors.) Handbook of Depression. New York: Guilford; 2002:510-40.
24. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Girgus JS. The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychol Bull. 1994;115:424–43. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.424.
25. Weller EB, Kloos A, Kang J, Weller RA. Depression in children and adolescents: does gender make a difference? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006;8(2):108-14. doi: 10.1007/s11920-006-0007-1.
26. McCabe RE, Chudzik SM, Antony MM, Young L, Swinson RP, Zolvensky MJ. Smoking behaviors across anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2004;18(1):7-18. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.07.003.
27. Fergusson DM, Goodwin RD, Horwood LJ. Major depression and cigarette smoking: results of a 21-year longitudinal study. Psychol Med. 2003;33(8):1357-67. doi: 10.1017/s0033291703008596.
28. Jamal M, Does AJ, Penninx BW, Cuijpers P. Age at smoking onset and the onset of depression and anxiety disorders. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(9):809-19. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr077.
Childhood Depression in Pediatrics Practice: A cross-sectional study
Objective: Depression is an important disease in childhood and early diagnosis is crucial. In this study, we aimed to determine the depression levels of children in hospital settings and evaluation of the processes leading to the emergence of depression.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pediatric patients who admitted to outpatient clinics and pediatric inpatients were included. The child depression inventory and a questionnaire consisting of 22 questions about sociodemographic characteristics and personal information such as age, gender, income level of the family and social media usage of the children were applied to the patients.
Results: 72 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Of these participants, 38 were female (52.8%) and 34 were male (47.2%). When the depression scale scores of the children were examined, the mean score of the depression scale was 10.39 ± 5.99 (2-30). In our study, 7 (9.7%) of 72 patients had high depression scale scores. There was a significant relationship between depression scale scores and age (p = 0.033). In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between smoking status with depression scores and sleep duration with depression scores in children. Depression scores increased with the presence of smoking.
Conclusions: Screening of pediatric patients who admitted to pediatric hospitals or inpatients in terms of depression may allow early diagnosis and therefore treatment. In particular, depression screening should be performed in children who admitted to hospital with sleep problems and smokers adolescents.
1. Öztürk O, Uluşahin A. Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. 15. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Kitabevi, 2018.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
3. Doğan O, Gülmez H. Ketenoğlu C. Epidemiology of Mental Disorders. Sivas: Dilek Matbaası, 1999.
4. Bodur Ş, Üner ÖŞ. Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a review. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2008;9:105–10.
5. Hamrin V, Pachler MC. Child & adolescent depression: review of the latest evidence-based treatments. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2005;43:54-63.
6. Gültekin G, Baran G. Disease and Child. Journal of Social Policy Studies. 2015;8(8):1-8.
7. Er M. Child, illness, parents and siblings. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2006;49:155-68.
8. Kovacs M. The Children’s Depression, Inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacol Bull. 1985;21:995–8.
9. Öy B. Depression scale for children: validity and reliability study. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1991;2:132–7.
10. Mendelson T, Tandon SD. Prevention of Depression in Childhood and Adolescence. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2016;25(2):201-18.
11. Luby JL. Preschool Depression: The Importance of Identification of Depression Early in Development. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2010;19:91–5.
12. Rangaka M, Rose C, Richter L. Depressive symptomatology in hospitalised children. Curationis. 1993;16(2):40-4.
13. Tamar M, Özbaran B. Depression in Children and Adolescents. Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;Suppl 2:84-92.
14. Ertekin Pınar Ş, Tel H. The relationship between depression levels and perceptions of social support in primary education 4.-7. class students. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2012;19:69-80.
15. Toros F, Bilgin NG, Bugdayci R, Sasmaz T, Kurt O, Camdeviren H. Prevalence of depression as measured by the CBDI in a predominantly adolescent school population in Turkey. Eur Psychiatry. 2004;19:264–71. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.04.020.
16. Demir T, Karacetin G, Demir DE, Uysal O. Epidemiology of depression in an urban population of Turkish children and adolescents. J Affect Disord 2011;134:168–76.
17. Bodur S, Küçükkendirci H. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in Turkish adolescents. Eur J Gen Med. 2009;6:204–12.
18. Yılmazel G, Günay O. Self-esteem and depression in students between the ages of 12-17 studying in the Kargı district of Çorum. Journal of Health Sciences. 2012;21:20–29.
19. Weller EB, Weller RA, Svadjian H. Mood disorders. In: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry A Comprehensive Text Book, Lewis M (ed), 2nd ed, Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins, A Waverly Company; 1996:650-66.
20. Esmaeeli MR, Erfani Sayar R, Saghebi A, et al. Screening for depression in hospitalized pediatric patients. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014;8(1):47-51.
21. Afifi M. Depression in adolescents: gender differences in Oman and Egypt. East Mediterr Health J. 2006;12:61–71.
22. Meadows SO, Brown JS, Elder GHJ. Depressive symptoms, stress, and support: gendered trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2006;35:93–103. doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-9021-6
23. Garber J, Horowitz JL. Depression in children. In: Gotlib IH, Hammen CL (editors.) Handbook of Depression. New York: Guilford; 2002:510-40.
24. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Girgus JS. The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychol Bull. 1994;115:424–43. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.424.
25. Weller EB, Kloos A, Kang J, Weller RA. Depression in children and adolescents: does gender make a difference? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006;8(2):108-14. doi: 10.1007/s11920-006-0007-1.
26. McCabe RE, Chudzik SM, Antony MM, Young L, Swinson RP, Zolvensky MJ. Smoking behaviors across anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2004;18(1):7-18. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.07.003.
27. Fergusson DM, Goodwin RD, Horwood LJ. Major depression and cigarette smoking: results of a 21-year longitudinal study. Psychol Med. 2003;33(8):1357-67. doi: 10.1017/s0033291703008596.
28. Jamal M, Does AJ, Penninx BW, Cuijpers P. Age at smoking onset and the onset of depression and anxiety disorders. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(9):809-19. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr077.
Almış H, Han Almiş B, Bucak İH. Pediatri Pratiğinde Çocukluk Çağı Depresyonu: Kesitsel bir çalışma. Acta Med Nicomedia. Ekim 2021;4(3):72-76. doi:10.53446/actamednicomedia.888909
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