Türk Ceza Kanunu “Madde 34/1” Kapsamında “Geçici Bir Neden” Olarak Değerlendirilen Vakaların Adli Psikiyatrik Açıdan İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 2, 65 - 73, 12.08.2023

Muhammed Emin Boylu , Fatma Nuray Cansunar Hüseyin Çağrı Şahin

Öz

Amaç: Ceza teorilerine göre bir kimsenin işlediği, suç olarak tanımlanan bir eyleminden ötürü cezalandırılabilmesi için “kusur yeteneği”ne sahip olması gerekmektedir. Akıl hastalıkları, kişinin algılama ve davranışlarını yönlendirme yeteneğini etkilemektedir. Akıl hastalığı gibi insan iradesini ve kusurluluğu etkileyen durumlar dışında insan iradesini zayıflatan veya ortadan kaldıran geçici nedenler mevcut olup bu nedenlerin ceza sorumluluğuna etkisi TCK 34. madde de düzenlenmiştir. Bizim bu çalışmadaki amacımız, TCK 34/1 kapsamında “geçici bir neden” olarak değerlendirilen vakaların adli ve klinik özelliklerini incelemektir.
Yöntem: 2013-2022 yılları arasında XXX’den ceza sorumluluğunun değerlendirilmesi istenen vakalardan TCK 34/1 kapsamında “geçici bir neden” olarak değerlendirilen vakalar seçilmiştir. İlgili olguların sosyodemografik ve adli psikiyatrik özellikleri incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Toplamda; üç epilepsi (postiktal dönem eksitasyon/konfüzyon), iki ensefalit/ensefalopati, bir hipoglisemiye bağlı bilinç kaybı, bir hiperaktif deliryum ve bir de parasomni olmak üzere toplam 8 vakada ilgili madde kapsamında karar verildiği görülmüştür. TCK 34/1 kapsamında değerlendirilen vakaların tamamı erkek olup yaş ortalamaları 47.75 (± 17.57) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yaralama, öldürmeye teşebbüs, taksirle ölüme sebebiyet verme, mala zarar verme gibi fiziksel şiddet (5/8) içeren suçlar yanında hakaret gibi sözel şiddet (2/8) ihtiva eden suçlar ağırlıktadır.
Sonuç: Ceza sorumluluğunun değerlendirilmesinde TCK madde 34/1 kapsamında “geçici bir neden” olarak ele alınan vakalarda her bir vakanın kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi ve “geçici durumun” suçun işlenmesinde ne ölçüde rol oynadığını belirlemeleri önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ceza Sorumluluğu, Deliryum, Ensefalit, Epilepsi, Hipoglisemi, Parasomni

Destekleyen Kurum

Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almamışlardır.

Forensic Psychiatric Investigation of Cases Evaluated as a "Transitory Reason" within the Scope of "Article 34/1" of Turkish Penal Code

Öz

Objective: According to criminal theories, for a person to be punished for an act that is defined as a crime, he/she must have the "ability of fault". Mental illnesses affect a person's ability to perceive and direct his/her behavior. Apart from the conditions affecting the human will and guilt such as mental illness, there are temporary reasons that weaken or eliminate the human will and the effect of these reasons on criminal responsibility is regulated in Article 34 of the TPC. Our aim in this study is to examine the forensic and clinical characteristics of the cases considered a "temporary cause" within the scope of TPC 34/1.
Methods: Cases that were evaluated as a "temporary reason" within the scope of TPC 34/1 were selected from the cases in which criminal responsibility was requested to be evaluated by the XXX between 2013 and 2022. Sociodemographic and forensic psychiatric characteristics of the relevant cases were analyzed.
Results: In total, it was observed that a total of 8 cases, including three epilepsy (postictal period excitation/confusion), two encephalitis/encephalopathy, one loss of consciousness due to hypoglycaemia, one hyperactive delirium and one parasomnia, were decided within the scope of the relevant article. All of the cases evaluated within the scope of TCK 34/1 were male and the average age was 47.75 (± 17.57). In addition to offences involving physical violence (5/8) such as wounding, attempted murder, causing death by negligence and damage to property, offences involving verbal violence (2/8) such as insult were predominant.
Conclusion: In cases where a "temporary cause" is considered as a "transient cause" under Article 34/1 of the TPC in the assessment of criminal responsibility, it is important to assess each case in a comprehensive manner and to determine the extent to which the "transient cause" played a role in the commission of the offence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Criminal Liability, Delirium, Encephalitis, Epilepsy, Hypoglycaemia, Parasomnia

Kaynakça

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