A Retrospective Evaluation of Mental Nerve, Mental Loop, and Incisive Canal in Turkish Population

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 3 - 11, 18.01.2023

Güzin Neda Hasanoglu Erbasar , Fatma Nur Konarılı , Orhan Gülen , Kevser Sancak

https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1127806

Cited By: 1

Öz

Objective: 3-dimensional radiographic evaluation of the intraforaminal area are crucial to prevent complications during surgical procedures. This study aimed retrospectively to determine incidence of different shapes of the foramen, and presence of the anterior loop with aid cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 176 patients whose CBCT images indicated were used. The shape and location of the mental foramen; distance between the mental foramen (MF) and mandibular incisive canal (MIC); length of the alveolar crest, basis, buccal, and lingual sides; and MIC length were evaluated based on the images.
Results: The anterior loop was observed in 42.2% of patients. No significant sex dependence was found in terms of MF localization status and MF shape (P > 0.05). The mean distance of the anterior loop was 4.8±1.4 mm on the right side and 4.5±1.2 mm on the left side. The MIC was observed in all images. The mean length of MIC was 6.3±3.8 mm on the right side and 6±3.4 mm on the left side.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the importance of preoperative evaluation of the intraforaminal area. Therefore, it is beneficial to use CBCT imaging techniques for preoperative planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Mandibular nerve, Mental Foramen

Türk toplumunda mental sinir, mental lup ve insiziv kanalın retrospektif bir değerlendirmesi

Öz

Amaç: Oral bölgede yapılan cerrahi prosedürlerden sonra komplikasyonları önlemek için intraforaminal bölgenin 3-boyutlu radyografik değerlendirilmesi kritik önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) taraması ile foramen görülme sıklığı ve mental sinirde anterior loop varlığının belirlenmesi, insisiv sinir uzunluğunun retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışma, 2017-2018 yılları arasında farklı nedenlerle CBCT görüntüleri kullanılan 176 hastayı içermektedir. Alınan görüntülerde mental foramenin (MF) şekli ve lokasyonu, mental sinir ve mandibular insisiv kanalın alveolar kreste, basise, bukkal ve lingual sınırlara olan uzaklığı, mandibular insisiv kanalın uzunluğu değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Tüm hastalar arasında %42,2 oranında anterior loop görüldü. MF lokalizasyon durumu cinsiyet bakımından bir farklılık görülmemiştir ve MF şekli açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (p> 0,05). Ortalama anterior loop mesafesi sağ tarafta 4,8±1,4 mm, sol tarafta 4,5 ± 1,2 mm bulunmuştur. Tüm görüntülerde mandibular insisiv kanal izlenmiştir. Ortalama mandibular insisiv kanal uzunluğu sağ tarafta 6,3±3,8 mm, sol tarafta 6±3,4 mm’dir.
Sonuç: Klinisyenler intraforaminal bölgenin ameliyat öncesi değerlendirilmesinin öneminin farkında olmalıdır. Bu nedenle, CBCT görüntüleme tekniklerini kullanarak ameliyat öncesi planlama yapmakta fayda vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografisi, Mandibular sinir, Mental foramen

Kaynakça

• Referans 1 Shaban B, Khajavi A, Khaki N, Mohiti Y, Mehri T, Kermani H. Assessment of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve via cone-beam computed tomography. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;43(6):395-400.
• Referans 2 Prados-Frutos JC, Salinas-Goodier C, Manchón Á, Rojo R. Anterior loop of the mental nerve, mental foramen and incisive nerve emergency: tridimensional assessment and surgical applications. Surg Radiol Anat 2017;39(2):169-75.
• Referans 3 Rosa MB, Sotto-Maior BS, Machado VdC, Francischone CE. Retrospective study of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve and the incisive canal using cone beam computed tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2013;28(2):388-92.
• Referans 4 Kalender A, Orhan K, Aksoy U. Evaluation of the mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Turkish patients using cone‐beam computed tomography images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program. Clin Anat 2012;25(5):584-92.
• Referans 5 Vujanovic-Eskenazi A, Valero-James J-M, Sánchez-Garcés M-A, Gay-Escoda C. A retrospective radiographic evaluation of the anterior loop of the mental nerve: comparison between panoramic radiography and cone beam computerized tomography. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015;20(2):e239.
• Referans 6 Angelopoulos C, Thomas S, Hechler S, Parissis N, Hlavacek M. Comparison between digital panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of the mandibular canal as part of presurgical dental implant assessment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66(10):2130-5.
• Referans 7 Solar P, Ulm C, Frey G, Matejka M. A Classification of the Intraosseous Paths of the Mental Nerve. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994;9(3):339-44.
• Referans 8 Goyushov S, Tözüm MD, Tözüm TF. Assessment of morphological and anatomical characteristics of mental foramen using cone beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat 2018;40(10):1133-9.
• Referans 9 Mbajiorgu E, Mawera G, Asala S, Zivanovic S. Position of the mental foramen in adult black Zimbabwean mandibles: a clinical anatomical study. The Central African journal of medicine 1998;44(2):24.
• Referans 10 Pires CA, Bissada NF, Becker JJ, Kanawati A, Landers MA. Mandibular incisive canal: cone beam computed tomography. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012;14(1):67-73.
• Referans 11 Pereira-Maciel P, Tavares-de-Sousa E, Oliveira-Sales M-A. The mandibular incisive canal and its anatomical relationships: A cone beam computed tomography study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20(6): e723.
• Referans 12 Kaya Y, Sencimen M, Sahin S, Okcu KM, Doan N, Bahcecitapar M. Retrospective radiographic evaluation of the anterior loop of the mental nerve: comparison between panoramic radiography and spiral computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2008;23(5):919-25.
• Referans 13 Demir A, Izgi E, Pekiner FN. Anterior loop of the mental foramen in a Turkish subpopulation with dentate patients: a cone beam computed tomography study. Clin Exp Health Sci 2015; 5(4): 231.
• Referans 14 Eren H, Orhan K, Bagis N, Nalcaci R, Misirli M, Hincal E. Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of mandibular canal anterior loop morphology and volume in a group of Turkish patients. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 2016;30(2):346-353.
• Referans 15 Haktanır A, Ilgaz K, Turhan-Haktanır N. Evaluation of mental foramina in adult living crania with MDCT. Surg Radiologic Anat 2010;32(4):351-6.
• Referans 16 Arzouman MJ, Otis L, Kipnis V, Levine D. Observations of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar canal. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1993;8(3): 295-300.
• Referans 17 Bavitz JB, Harn SD, Hansen CA, Lang M. An anatomical study of mental neurovascular bundle-lmplant relationships. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1993;8(5): 1-10.
• Referans 18 Uchida Y, Noguchi N, Goto M, et al. Measurement of anterior loop length for the mandibular canal and diameter of the mandibular incisive canal to avoid nerve damage when installing endosseous implants in the interforaminal region: a second attempt introducing cone beam computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67(4):744-50.
• Referans 19 Neiva RF, Gapski R, Wang HL. Morphometric analysis of implant‐related anatomy in Caucasian skulls. J Periodontol 2004;75(8):1061-7.
• Referans 20 Gupta A, Pubreja L, Malik R, Gupta N. Evaluation of the Dimensions of Anterior Loop of Mental Nerve in CBCT: A Radiographic Analysis. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2019;19(2):168-72.
• Referans 21 Wismeijer Dv, Van Waas M, Vermeeren J, Kalk W. Patients' perception of sensory disturbances of the mental nerve before and after implant surgery: a prospective study of 110 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;35(4):254-57.
• Referans 22 Gilis S, Dhaene B, Dequanter D, Loeb I. Mandibular incisive canal and lingual foramina characterization by cone-beam computed tomography. Morphologie 2019;103(341):48-53.
• Referans 23 Mayil M, Özbayrak S, Pekiner FN. Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Dişli, Dişsiz ve Parsiyel Dişli Bireylerde Mandibular İnsisiv Kanalın Morfolojisinin Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Univ Diş Hekim Fak Derg 2021;31(3):337-48.
• Referans 24 Caughey JA, Do Q, Shen D, et al. Comprehensive review of the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. Anat Cell Biol 2021;54(4):409-16.
• Referans 25 Jacobs R, Mraiwa N, van Steenberghe D, Sanderink G, Quirynen M. Appearance of the mandibular incisive canal on panoramic radiographs. Surg Radiol Anat 2004;26(4):329-33.
• Referans 26 Mardinger O, Chaushu G, Arensburg B, Taicher S, Kaffe I. Anatomic and radiologic course of the mandibular incisive canal. Surg Radiol Anat2000;22(3-4):157-61.
• Referans 27 Gomes LT, de Almeida Barros Mourão CF, Braga CL, de Almeida LFD, de Mello-Machado RC, Calasans-Maia MD. Anatomic evaluation of the incisive canal with cone beam computed tomography and its relevance to surgical procedures in the mental region: a retrospective study in a Brazilian population. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018;22(4):379-84.
• Referans 28 Vu DD, Brockhoff II HC, Yates DM, Finn R, Phillips C. Course of the mandibular incisive canal and its impact on harvesting symphysis bone grafts. J Oral Maxillofac Sur 2015;73(2):258.e1-12.