Sexual dimorphism on the sacrum of the dog: A morphometric study

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 7 - 11, 28.06.2022

Hakan Kar , Vedat Onar

https://doi.org/10.53913/aduveterinary.1104688

Öz

In this study, 59 adult canine sacrums, comprised of 30 male and 29 female, with 23 different morphological types were used. A total of 5 osteometric measurements were taken from each of the sacrums and a total of 3 sacrum index indices were calculated using these measurements. SPSS 21.0 program was used for statistical calculations, and after calculating the mean and standard deviation values for both male and female individuals, T-test was applied to check the significance of the difference between the mean values of both genders. Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean values of osteometric measurements in males and females (P<0.05). However, it was determined that the difference between the mean values of the index values of males and females was not statistically significant. Hence, although linear measurements are important in terms of revealing the difference in sexual size in dimorphism, it was concluded that it would be useful to reveal different indices to make different index calculations, especially in cases where sacrum width is foregrounded.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dog, Morphometry, Sacrum, Sexual dimorphism

Kaynakça

• Ahankari R.S., Ambali, M.P. (2016). Sexual dimorphism in Human sacrum in Maharshtra population. Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 3, 91-96.
• Bahadır, A., Yıldız, H. (2010). Veteriner Anatomi. Hareket Sistemi ve İç Organlar. Ezgi Kitabevi, Bursa.
• Bajpai, S.R., Maiyyar, A. (2016). Sexual dimorphism in sacrum-A morphometric study of Nasik Population. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 6, 633-635.
• Brehm, von H., Loeffler, K., Komeyli, H. (1985) Schädelformen beim Hund. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 14, 324-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1985.tb00828.x
• Carey, G. (1982). Ageing and sexing domestic birds bones from late medieval deposits at Baynard’s castle, City of London. In: B. Wilson, C. Grigson & S. Payne (Eds.), Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites, (pp.263-268), BAR British Series 109.
• Carlon, B., Hubbard, C. (2012). Hip and thigh anatomy of the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) with comparisons to the domestic cat (Felis catus). The Anatomical Record, 295, 577-589. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.22418
• Carrier, D.R., Chase, K., Lark, K.G. (2005). Genetics of canid skeletal variations: Size and shape of the pelvis. Genome Research, 15, 1825-1830. www.genome.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.3800005
• Chase, K., Carrier, D.R., Adler, F.R., Jarvik, T., Ostrander, E.A., Lorentzen, T.D., Lark, K.G. (2002). Genetic basis for systems of skeletal quantitative traits: principal component analysis of the canid skeleton. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 99, 15, 9930-9935. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.152333099
• Csanády, A., Krišovský, P., Hlôška, L. 2019. Pelvic and sacral size dimorphism and allometry in two predatory carnivores with different life histories and locomotory adaptations. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 43, 580-591. https://doi:10.3906/zoo-1803-44
• Çalışlar, T. (1995). Evcil Hayvanların Sistematik Anatomisi. İ.Ü. Basımevi ve Film merkezi, Üniversite Yayın No: 3877, İstanbul.
• Dursun, N. (2007). Veteriner Anatomi I. Medisan Yayınevi. Ankara.
• Dyce, K.M., Sack, W.O., Wensing, C.J.G. (1987). Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
• Evans, H.E., Christensen, G.C. (1979). Anatomy of the Dog. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
• Greenfield, H.J. (2002). Sexing Fragmentary Ungulate Ecetabulae. In: D. Ruscillo, (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones, (pp.68-86), 9th ICAZ Conference, Durham.
• Gregory, C.R., Cullen, J.M., Pool, R., Vasseur, P.B. (1986). The canine sacroiliac joint: preliminary study of anatomy, histopathology, and biomechanics. Spine, 11, 1044–1048.
• Grigson, C. (1982a). Sex and age determination of some bones and teeth of domestic cattle: A Review of the literature. In: B. Wilson, C. Grigson & S. Payne, S. (Eds.), Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites, (pp.7-24), BAR British Series 109.
• Grigson C. (1982b) Sexing Neolithic domestic cattle skulls and Horncores. In: B. Wilson, C. Grigson & S. Payne, S. (Eds.), Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites, (pp.25-35), BAR British Series 109.
• Joshi, U.U., Puranik, M. (2016). Various sacral indices: role in study of sexual dimorfism. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 4, 841-846. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20160529
• Knaus, I., Breit, S., Künzel, W. (2003). Appearance of the sacroiliac joint in ventrodorsal radiographs of the normal canine pelvis. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 44, 148–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2003.tb01263.x
• Komeyli, H. (1984). Nasennebenhählen bei dolicho-, meso und brachyzephalen Hunden unter besonderer Berficksichtigung der rassespezifischen Schäidelformen. Inaug Diss Vet-Meal, University Giessen, Germany.
• Kumar, B., Sinha, R.R., Kumar, S., Akhtar, M.J., Kulkarni, J.P., Kumar, A. (2018). Study of various sacral indices in sexual dimorphism in the region of Gujarat. Indian Journal of Anatomy, 7, 261-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ija.2320.0022.7318.7
• Nganvongpanit, K., Pitakarnnop, T., Buddhachat, K., Phatsara, M. (2017). Gender-related differences in pelvic morphometrics of the Retriever Dog breed. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 46, 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12232
• Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. (2017). Sixth ed., Prepared by the International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.G.A.N.) and Published by the Editorial Commitee, Hannover (Germany), Gent (Belgium), Colombia (U.S.A), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
• Ocal, M.K., Ortanca, O.C. Parın, U. (2006). A quantitative study on the sacrum of the dog. Annals of Anatomy, 188, 477-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2006.05.011
• Onar, V. (1999). A morphometric study on the skull of the German shepherd dog (Alsatian). Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 28, 253-256. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.1999.00202.x
• Onar, V., Özcan, S., Pazvant, G. (2001). Skull typology of adult male kangal dogs. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 30, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2001.00292.x
• Onodera, S., Shigehara, N., Eto, M. (1987). Discriminant analysis of the sexual differences in the skeletons in Shiba dogs (Canis familiaris). Kaibogaku Zasshi, 62, 19–32. [in Japanese].
• Ravalia, D., Wagh, M.R. (2015). Sexual dimorphism with help of sacrum. International Journal of Science and Research, 4, 360-362.
• Regedon, S., Robina, A., Franco, A., Vivo, J.M., Lignereux, Y. (1991). Détermination Radiologique et Statistique des Types morphologiques crâniens chez le Chien: Dolichocéphalic, Mésocéphalie et Brachycéphalie. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 20, 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1991.tb00752.
• Sajjarengpong, K., Adirekthaworn, A., Srisuwattanasagul, K., Sukjumlong, S., Darawiroj, D. (2003). Differences seen in the pelvic bone parameters of male and female dogs. Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 33, 55–61.
• Schutz, H., Polly, P.D., Krieger, J.D., Guralnick, R.P. (2009). Differential sexual dimorphism: size and shape in the cranium and pelvis of grey foxes (Urocyon). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 96, 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01132.x
• Stockard, C.R. (1941). The Genetic and Endocrinic Basis for Differences in Form and Behavior. American Anatomical Memoirs, no. 19. (pp.1-775), Wistar Institute, Philadelphia.
• von den Driesch, A. (1976). A guide to the measurement of the animal bones from archaeological sites. Peabody museum bulletin 1, Harvard University, Massachusetts.
• Yadav, N., Saini, K., Patil, K. (2015). Determination of sex using dry adult human sacrum- A morphometric study. International Journal of Current Research and Review, 7, 22-28.