SERA GAZI SALINIMLARINDA TARIMIN ROLÜ

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 25 - 38, 01.06.2012

Hüseyin Hüsnü Kayıkçıoğlu , Nur Okur

Öz

Atmosferdeki sera gazlarındaki (SG) artış ve neticesinde gerçekleşen iklim değişikliğinin 21. yy da önemli etkileri olacaktır. Tarımsal faaliyetler; üç ana sera gazı olan karbondioksit (CO2), metan (CH4) ve nitroz oksit (N2O) için bir kaynak konumundadır. Tarım toprakları ise tutulan C' un biyokütle ürünlerine ve toprak organik maddesine dönüştürülmesiyle, CO2 açısından bir havuz durumunda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tarım topraklarından sera gazlarının salınımı ve C tutulumuyla ilgili bilimsel çalışmalar derlendi ve tarımın nasıl kendi SG yükünü azaltabileceği ile koruma tedbirleri aracılığıyla nasıl sera gazı salınımlarının azaltılabileceği üzerine bakış açısı oluşturmaya çalışıldı. Bunun yanında tarımsal uygulamaların ve sistemlerin sera gazları salınımı üzerine etkisi incelendi. Tarım alanlarının CO2 , N2O ve CH4 salınımlarının azaltılması yönüyle potansiyelleri yeterince iyi tanımlanamamıştır. Ayrıca, öne çıkarılması gereken birçok eksiklikler de bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasında küresel iklimin gelecekte nasıl değişeceğine dair belirsizlikler, toprak kullanımı ve bitki örtüsü, kurak iklimlerde ve düşük kaliteli topraklarda yetişen tek ve çok yıllık bitkilerin verim düşüklükleri ile kimyasal gübre etkinliği sayılabilir. Bütün bunlara ek olarak, tarımın atmosfer üzerine olan net yararlarını saptayabilmek için, N2O ve CH4 gazlarının dengesi ile yaklaşık C stoğunu tahminleme metotlarının geliştirilmesi gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sera gazı, azotlu gübreler, tarımsal yönetim uygulamaları, küresel ısınma, toprak C tutulumu

The Role of Agriculture in Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Öz

The increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere and the resulting climatic change will have important
st effects in the 21 century. Agricultural activity is a source for three primary GHG: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Agricultural soils can also be a sink for CO2 through C sequestration into biomass
products and soil organic matter. In this paper; it was summarized the literature on GHG emissions and C
sequestration, provided a perspective on how agriculture can reduce its GHG burden and how it can help to
mitigate GHG emissions through conservation measures. Impacts of agricultural practices and systems on GHG
emission were reviewed.
The potential of agricultural lands for CO2 , N2O and CH4 mitigation is not well recognized. Besides, there are a
number of shortcomings that need to be emphasized. These include the uncertainties related to future shifts in
global climate, land-use and plant cover, the poor yields of trees and crops on low fertile soils and under arid
climate conditions, mineral fertilizers efficiency. In addition, more efforts are needed to improve methods for
estimating C stocks and gas balances such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) to determine net benefits of
agriculture on the atmosphere.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Greenhouse gas, N-fertilizers, agricultural management practice, global warming, soil carbon sequestration

Kaynakça

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• Hüseyin Hüsnü KAYIKÇIOÐLU
• [e-mail] Geliþ Tarihi Kabul Tarihi : 15.12.2012