Rates and Effects of Bird Damage on Grain Yield of Oil Sunflower Seedlings

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 77 - 80, 31.12.2018

Volkan Gül , Erdoğan Öztürk , Taşkın Polat

https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.435023

Cited By: 1

Öz

Damage caused by birds to agricultural areas around the world causes significant economic losses for farmers.
Because of urbanization for agricultural purposes or afforestation for environmental regulation increases the natural habitat
for birds, the rate of agricultural products affected by bird damage is also increasing. Especially birds are causing
considerable damage to sunflower seeds. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of 10 different oil sunflower
seedlings (Pioneer63F73, Pioneerp64LL05, Pioneer64LC108, PioneerPR64G46, Coral, Golsun, Şems, Aga1301, Duna ve
Bosfora) grown under controlled and uncontrolled conditions on grain yield. It is also aimed to determine the effect of this
damage on grain yield. At the end of the study; Maximum bird damage was determined as 51.19% in Pioneer 64LC108
variety, while the lowest bird damage was 9.94% and 11.7% in Bosfora and Şems varieties respectively. Bird damage as a
mean of all varieties resulted in a reduction by approximately 35.1% in grain yield. It has been determined that Bosfora and
Şems varieties, which are early inclined and concave of the table structure, are affected less by bird damage and yield losses
are lower.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sunflower, bird damage, variety, seed yield

Yağlık Ayçiçeği Çeşitlerinde Oluşan Kuş Zararı Miktarları ve Verime Etkileri

Öz

Dünya genelinde kuşların tarımsal alanlara vermiş olduğu zarar, çiftçiler açısından önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Tarımsal
amaçlı kullanılan arazilerde şehirleşme veya çevre düzenlemesi amacıyla yapılan ağaçlandırma, kuşlara ait doğal yaşam alanlarını arttırdığı
için, bu arazilerde yetiştirilen ürünlerin kuş zararından etkilenme oranını da artırmaktadır. Özellikle kuşlar, ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliği yapılan
arazilerde ayçiçeği tohumuna önemli derecede zarar veren canlılardır. Bu çalışmada, kontrollü ve kontrolsüz şartlarda yetiştirilen 10 farklı
yağlık ayçiçeği çeşidinde (Pioneer63F73, Pioneerp64LL05, Pioneer64LC108, PioneerPR64G46, Coral, Golsun, Şems, Aga1301, Duna ve
Bosfora) kuş zararının tespiti ve bu zararın tane verimine olan etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda; kuş zararı en fazla
%51.19’luk oranla Pioneer64LC108 çeşidinde belirlenmiş, en düşük kuş zararı ise Bosfora ve Şems çeşitlerinde sırasıyla %9.94 ve % 11.7
olmuştur. Tüm çeşitlerin ortalaması olarak kuş zararı tane veriminde yaklaşık olarak %35.1 oranında bir azalmaya neden olmuştur. Mevcut
içerisinde, erkenci, tabla yapısı eğik ve iç bükey olan Bosfora ve Şems çeşitlerinin kuş zararından daha ez etkilendikleri ve verim kayıplarının
daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ayçiçeği, kuş zararı, çeşit, tane verimi

Kaynakça

• Anonyms (2017) T.C. Kavak Kaymakamlığı, Access: http://www.Samsunkavak.gov.tr/genel-bilgiler, (History of Transportation: 23/03/2017).
• Çoşke B, Ulukan H (2005) Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) variety and sowing time in our breeding. Süleyman Demirel University, Journal of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences 3: 1-6.
• Demirci M, Alpaslan M (1991) The situation of vegetable oil ındustry in Turkey. Agroteknik Agriculture Technology Review 6: 34-35.
• İlter E (1982) Birds That Affect the Sunflowers in the Marmara Region, Their Definitions, Their Distribution, Economic Importance, Investigations on the Short Biology of Their Importance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Istanbul Regional Pest Control Research Institute Publication, p.104.
• Gross PL, Hanzel JJ (1991) Stability of morphological traits conferring bird resistance to sunflower across different environments. Crop Science, 31: 997–1000.
• Kara K (1986) A study on the phenological morphological characteristics, yield and yield values of some oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varieties in Erzurum ecological conditions. Nature Journal of Turkish Agriculture and Forestry 1: 366-377.
• Kaya Y (2002) Sunflower research and the situation of orobanche in Turkey. FAO Sunflower Network, GRESO Symposium, Montpelier,7-9 October 2002, France.
• Kaya Y (2003) Sunflower Cultivation. İstanbul Journal of Agriculture, 84: 24-25.
• Klosterman M, Linz G, Slowik T, Bleier W (2011) Assessment of Bird Damage to Sunflower and Corn in North Dakota. ND, 11-12 January 2011. National Sunflower Association Sunflower Research Forum, Fargo, ND.
• Linz GM, Mendoza, LA, Bergman DL, Bleier W (1995) Preferences of Three Blackbird Species for Sunflower Meats, Cracked Corn, and Brown Rice. Crop Protection 5: 375-378.
• Linz GM, Hanzel JJ (1997) Birds and sunflower. Birds and Sunflower. In Sunflower Technology and Production; Schneiter, A. A., Ed.; Agronomy Monograph No: 35; American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI, pp 381-394.
• Linz GM, Homan HJ (2010) Use of glyphosate for managing invasive cattail (Typha spp.) to protect crops near blackbird (Icteridae) roosts. Crop Protection 30: 98-104.
• Linz GM, Homan HJ, Werner SW, Hagy HM, Bleier WJ (2011) Assessment of bird management strategies to protect sunflower. BioScience, 61: 960–970.
• Miller JF (1987) Cultivar development sunflower. Crop Species 2: 627-665.
• Rauf S, Sadaqat HA, Naveed A (2008) Effect of moisture stress on combining ability variation for bird resistance traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany 40: 1319-1328.
• Sağlam AC, Önemli F (2005) The Effect of Different Sowing Time and Sowing Frequency on Bird Damage in Sunflower (Helianhus annuus L.) Varieties. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty 2: 50-58.
• Schäckermann J, Weiss N, Wehrden H, Maria Klein A (2014) High trees increase sunflower seed predation by birds in an agricultural landscape of Israel. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 35: 1-9.
• Turan ZM (1995) Research and Testing Methods. Uludağ University Faculty of Agriculture Lecture Notes Publication, Bursa, p. 121.
• Yıldız N, Bircan H (1991) Methods of Research and Experiments. Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture Publication, Erzurum, p.277.