Hürriyeti ve Mülkiyeti Savunmak: 1790’lar İngiltere’sinde Monarşist Düşünce ve Örgütlenmeler

Yıl 2024, , 402 - 421, 31.07.2024

Cemal Alpgiray Bölücek

https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1450577

Öz

Bu çalışma, 1790'ların İngiltere'sinde ortaya çıkan devrimci ve radikal ideolojilerin kamuoyundaki karşılığı ve toplumun politik bilinci üzerindeki etkisini ve monarşist düşüncenin evrimini incelemektedir. Broşürler, risaleler, kitaplar, vaazlar, mektuplar, yazışmalar, dernek bildirileri gibi birincil kaynaklar analiz edilerek, ideolojik tartışmalara ve radikalizme yanıt olarak ortaya çıkan monarşist örgütlenmelerin Fransız Devrimi ideolojisine karşı fikrî mücadelede etkili bir rol oynadığı ortaya koyulmaktadır. Parlamentodaki tartışmaların özgürlükler, reform ve mülkiyet hakkı konularında toplumun siyasi gündemiyle her zamankinden daha uyumlu olması çalışmanın konu bağlamını sağlamaktadır. Bütüncül bir metodolojiyi benimseyen çalışma arşiv kaynaklarını ve dönemin basılı materyallerini politik, toplumsal ve kültürel tarih perspektifleriyle incelemektedir. Çalışmanın hipotezi, 18. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında monarşist düşüncenin popüler siyasi katılımı arttırdığı ve bu süreçte Fransız Devrimine karşı politik ve ideolojik tepkinin merkezi haline gelen örgütlenmelerin önemli bir rol oynadığıdır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma içeriğini ve evrimini incelediği monarşizmin Aydınlanma düşüncesinden etkilendiğini ve geleneksel ancien régime ideolojisinden uzaklaştığını öne sürmektedir. Bulgular, 1790'larda artan politik katılım, klasik monarşiden ulus devlete dönüşen bir siyasi toplumdan ziyade, İngiliz anayasal geleneğini savunan bir ‘aydınlanmış muhafazakarlık’ın gelişim sürecini ortaya koymaktadır. Örgütlenmelerin toplumun tüm kesimlerine ulaşmamasına rağmen, hükümetten ve okuryazar kesimden aldığı aktif destek, monarşist hareketin gelişimini yansıtmaktadır. Çalışma, bu dernekler içinde muhafazakâr düşüncenin yeterince yer bulamamış olduğunu kabul etmektedir. 18. yüzyılın sonlarındaki monarşist muhafazakarlık, Aydınlanma rasyonalizmi etkisi altında siyasi tartışmaları şekillendirerek İngiliz siyasi kültürünü etkilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Monarşizm, monarşist örgütler, ancien régime, 1790larda İngiltere

Defending Liberty and Property: Monarchist Thought and Organizations in 1790s England

Öz

This study examines the impact of revolutionary and radical ideologies in 1790s England on public opinion, political consciousness and the evolution of monarchist thought within the societ. Through the analysis of primary sources such as brochures, pamphlets, books, sermons, letters, correspondences, and association declarations, the research demonstrates the influential role of monarchist organizations in the intellectual struggle against French Revolutionary ideology and in response to radicalism. The contextual backdrop of parliamentary debates focusing on freedoms, reforms, and property rights aligns with the political agenda of society. Adopting a comprehensive methodology, the study focuses on archival sources and contemporary printed materials, exploring them through the perspective of political, social, and cultural history. The study's hypothesis suggests that in the second half of the 18th century, the rise in popular political engagement was influenced by monarchism, particularly through certain organizations that became central in resisting the political and ideological shifts catalyzed by the French Revolution. Moreover, the study argues that the evolution of monarchy, examined within, was shaped by Enlightenment principles and moved away from traditional ancien régime ideology. The findings reveal an increased political participation in the 1790s, depicting the evolution of an ‘enlightened conservatism’ in parliamentary politics and political debates, rather than a political society transitioning from classical monarchy to a nation-state. Despite these organizations not reaching all segments of society, the active support received from the government and the literate population reflects the developmental trajectory of the monarchist movements. The study acknowledges the insufficient exploration of conservative thought within these associations. The monarchist conservatism of the late 18th century, shaped by Enlightenment rationalism, influenced political debates and left a lasting impact on British political culture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Monarchism, monarchist organisations, ancien régime, 1790s' England

Kaynakça

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