Effects of Unionization on Work Accidents: Turkey Example
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 77 - 89, 26.03.2025
Ali Ağar
Öz
Unions are one of the important non-governmental organizations that negotiate between employers and employees, such as providing protective equipment to employees and participating in joint health and safety committees. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between the level of unionization and occupational accidents in Turkey. The data were obtained from the Statistical Yearbooks of the Social Security Institution between the years 2014-2021 and the work life statistics book of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. JAMOVI 2.3.28 software program was used in the statistical analysis of the data. The significance level was taken as 0.05. It has been determined that there is a linear increase in unionization rates and the number of insured workers from 2014 to 2021. While a positive, statistically significant and strong relationship was found between the number of unionized workers and the number of occupational accidents (r=0.952; p˂.001), no statistically significant relationship was found between the total number of unionized workers and fatal occupational accidents (-0.398; p=0.239). In addition, it has been found that the number of unionized workers is dependent on occupational accidents and there is a linear relationship. As a result, it was concluded that unionization did not have a positive effect on occupational accidents.
Etik Beyan
This study did not entail the involvement of human subjects or patient data. All data utilized herein are openly accessible on the Internet. Consequently, the study was not subjected to review by any ethics committee, as it did not involve human participants or sensitive personal information.
Destekleyen Kurum
There are no supporting institutions.
Kaynakça
- Altassan, K. A., Sakr, C. J., Galusha, D., Slade, M. D., Tessier-Sherman, B., and Cantley, L.F. (2018). Risk of injury by unionization: survival analysis of a large industrial cohort. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(9), 827-831. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001347
- Boal, W.M. (2009). The effect of unionism on accidents in US coal mining, 1897–1929. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 48(1), 97-120.
- Can, A. (2018). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (8. Baskı ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Carriere, K.R. (2020). Workers’ rights are human rights: Organizing the psychology of labor movements. Current Opinion in Psychology, 35, 60-64. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.009
- Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge: Academic Press.
- Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. (1982). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası [Constitution of the Republic of Turkey]. Retrieved from https://www.anayasa.gov.tr. pdf in 16.10.2023
- Demir, M. (2022). JAMOVİ ve JAPS Programı ile Temel ve İleri Düzey Nicel Veri Analizi (2. Baskı ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Diken, A. ve Ceylan, E. (2018). Akademisyenlerin sendikalaşma eğilimlerinin iş tatmini üzerine etkisi: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi örneği. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 9(2), 62.
- Donado, A. (2015). Why do unionized workers have more nonfatal occupational injuries? ILR Review, 68(1), 153-183.
- Economou, A. and Theodossiou, I. (2015). Join the Union and be safe: the effects of Unionization on occupational safety and health in the European Union. Labour, 29(2), 127-140.
- Ferrari, G.N., Ossani, P.C., de Souza, R.C.T., Leal, G.C.L. and Galdamez, E.V.C. (2023). Impact of rising temperatures on occupational accidents in Brazil in the period 2006 to 2019: a multiple correspondence analysis. Safety Science, 161, 106078. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106078
- Gonzalez-Delgado, M., Gómez-Dantés, H., Fernández-Niño, J. A., Robles, E., Borja, V. H. and Aguilar, M. (2015). Factors associated with fatal occupational accidents among Mexican workers: a national analysis. PloS One, 10(3), e0121490. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121490
- International Labour Organization. (2023). Occupational safety and health: Facts and figures. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/moscow/areas-of-work/occupational-safety-and-health/WCMS_249278/lang--en/index.htm. in 15.10.2023
- Karaahmetoğlu, A. (2021). Soyal güvenlik sisteminde iş kazasına uğrayan sigortalıya ve sigortalının ölümü halinde hak sahiplerine tanınan haklar. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 81, 213-244. doi: 10.26650/jspc.2021.81.876998
- Karaca, N.G. ve Hoş, Z. (2019). Ülkemizde sanatçıların sendikalaşma ve toplu pazarlık hakları. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 275-289.
- Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (17. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Le, A.B., Wong, S.-W., Lin, H.-C. and Smith, T.D. (2021). The association between union membership and perceptions of safety climate among US adult workers. Safety Science, 133, 105024. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105024
- Morantz, A.D. (2013). Coal mine safety: do unions make a difference? ILR Review, 66(1), 88-116.
- Öztürk, T., Özge, E. ve Oral, H.V. (2021). Türkiye’de iş kazaları ve makroekonomik faktörlerin ilişkisi: zaman serisi analizi. Academic Platform-Journal of Engineering and Science, 9(1), 165-173. doi: 10.21541/apjes.739523
- Robinson, A.M. and Smallman, C. (2006). The contemporary British workplace: a safer and healthier place? Work, Employment and Society, 20(1), 87-107.
- Santurtún, A. and Shaman, J. (2023). Work accidents, climate change and COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 871, 162129. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162129
- Smitha, M.W., Kirk, K.A., Oestenstad, K.R., Brown, K.C. and Lee, S.-D. (2001). Effect of state workplace safety laws on occupational injury rates. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1001-1010.
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- Social Insurance and General Health Insurance Law No. 5510. (2006). Retrieved from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5510.pdf. pdf in 10.10.2023
- Torres, L.D., and Jain, A. (2017). Employer’s civil liability for work-related accidents: A comparison of non-economic loss in Chile and England. Safety Science, 94, 197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2016.12.010
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1999). Retrieved from https://www.ihd.org.tr/insan-haklari-evrensel-beyannames/ in 15.10.2023
- Work-Life Statistics. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/89862/calisma_hayati_2021. pdf.pdf in 11.10.2023
Sendikalaşmanın İş Kazalarına Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 77 - 89, 26.03.2025
Ali Ağar
Öz
Sendikalar çalışanlara koruyucu ekipman sağlanması, ortak sağlık ve güvenlik komitelerine katılmaları gibi çalışan ve işveren arasında pazarlık yapan önemli sivil toplum örgütlerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de sendikalaşma düzeyi ile iş kazaları arasında ne denli bir ilişki olduğu incelenmek amaçlanmaktadır. Veriler, 2014-2021 yılları arasındaki Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu istatistik yıllıkları ve Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığının çalışma hayatı istatistikleri kitabından elde edilmiştir. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde JAMOVI 2.3.28 yazılım programı kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak esas alınmıştır. 2014’den 2021 yılına kadar sendikalaşma oranları ve sigortalı işçi sayılarında doğrusal bir artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sendikalı işçi sayısı ile iş kazası sayısı arasında pozitif yönde, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve güçlü bir ilişki tespit edilirken (r=0.952; p˂.001), toplam sendikalı işçi sayısı ile ölümlü iş kazası arasında, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir (r=-0.398; p=0.239). Ayrıca sendikalı işçi sayısı bakımından yaşanan iş kazalarına bağımlı olduğu ve doğrusal bir ilişkinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak sendikalaşmanın iş kazaları üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Altassan, K. A., Sakr, C. J., Galusha, D., Slade, M. D., Tessier-Sherman, B., and Cantley, L.F. (2018). Risk of injury by unionization: survival analysis of a large industrial cohort. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(9), 827-831. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001347
- Boal, W.M. (2009). The effect of unionism on accidents in US coal mining, 1897–1929. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 48(1), 97-120.
- Can, A. (2018). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (8. Baskı ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Carriere, K.R. (2020). Workers’ rights are human rights: Organizing the psychology of labor movements. Current Opinion in Psychology, 35, 60-64. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.009
- Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge: Academic Press.
- Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. (1982). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası [Constitution of the Republic of Turkey]. Retrieved from https://www.anayasa.gov.tr. pdf in 16.10.2023
- Demir, M. (2022). JAMOVİ ve JAPS Programı ile Temel ve İleri Düzey Nicel Veri Analizi (2. Baskı ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Diken, A. ve Ceylan, E. (2018). Akademisyenlerin sendikalaşma eğilimlerinin iş tatmini üzerine etkisi: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi örneği. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 9(2), 62.
- Donado, A. (2015). Why do unionized workers have more nonfatal occupational injuries? ILR Review, 68(1), 153-183.
- Economou, A. and Theodossiou, I. (2015). Join the Union and be safe: the effects of Unionization on occupational safety and health in the European Union. Labour, 29(2), 127-140.
- Ferrari, G.N., Ossani, P.C., de Souza, R.C.T., Leal, G.C.L. and Galdamez, E.V.C. (2023). Impact of rising temperatures on occupational accidents in Brazil in the period 2006 to 2019: a multiple correspondence analysis. Safety Science, 161, 106078. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106078
- Gonzalez-Delgado, M., Gómez-Dantés, H., Fernández-Niño, J. A., Robles, E., Borja, V. H. and Aguilar, M. (2015). Factors associated with fatal occupational accidents among Mexican workers: a national analysis. PloS One, 10(3), e0121490. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121490
- International Labour Organization. (2023). Occupational safety and health: Facts and figures. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/moscow/areas-of-work/occupational-safety-and-health/WCMS_249278/lang--en/index.htm. in 15.10.2023
- Karaahmetoğlu, A. (2021). Soyal güvenlik sisteminde iş kazasına uğrayan sigortalıya ve sigortalının ölümü halinde hak sahiplerine tanınan haklar. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 81, 213-244. doi: 10.26650/jspc.2021.81.876998
- Karaca, N.G. ve Hoş, Z. (2019). Ülkemizde sanatçıların sendikalaşma ve toplu pazarlık hakları. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 275-289.
- Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (17. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Le, A.B., Wong, S.-W., Lin, H.-C. and Smith, T.D. (2021). The association between union membership and perceptions of safety climate among US adult workers. Safety Science, 133, 105024. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105024
- Morantz, A.D. (2013). Coal mine safety: do unions make a difference? ILR Review, 66(1), 88-116.
- Öztürk, T., Özge, E. ve Oral, H.V. (2021). Türkiye’de iş kazaları ve makroekonomik faktörlerin ilişkisi: zaman serisi analizi. Academic Platform-Journal of Engineering and Science, 9(1), 165-173. doi: 10.21541/apjes.739523
- Robinson, A.M. and Smallman, C. (2006). The contemporary British workplace: a safer and healthier place? Work, Employment and Society, 20(1), 87-107.
- Santurtún, A. and Shaman, J. (2023). Work accidents, climate change and COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 871, 162129. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162129
- Smitha, M.W., Kirk, K.A., Oestenstad, K.R., Brown, K.C. and Lee, S.-D. (2001). Effect of state workplace safety laws on occupational injury rates. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1001-1010.
- Social Security Institution. Social Security Institution statistics years. Retrieved from https://www.sgk.gov.tr/Istatistik/Yillik/fcd5e59b-6af9-4d90-a451-ee7500eb1cb4/ in 15.10.2023
- Social Insurance and General Health Insurance Law No. 5510. (2006). Retrieved from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5510.pdf. pdf in 10.10.2023
- Torres, L.D., and Jain, A. (2017). Employer’s civil liability for work-related accidents: A comparison of non-economic loss in Chile and England. Safety Science, 94, 197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2016.12.010
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1999). Retrieved from https://www.ihd.org.tr/insan-haklari-evrensel-beyannames/ in 15.10.2023
- Work-Life Statistics. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/89862/calisma_hayati_2021. pdf.pdf in 11.10.2023