Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

An Evaluation on Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Approach

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 19, 30.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.891478

Öz

Significant increases are observed in the number, frequency and severity of disasters experienced in recent years globally. Among these disasters, the increase in the number of meteorological and hydrological disasters due to extreme weather events related to climate change is the most numerous and the most impact area. The nature of the negative consequences of climate change beyond the borders of the country and the effects in economic, environmental and social contexts make it inevitable that natural, biological and technological disasters occur along with disasters associated with climate. These disasters often affect the most vulnerable segments of societies and developing countries with insufficient fighting capacity. In order to tackle these problems effectively, studies on the development of integrated disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change are increasing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of developing an integrated approach to disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change, which are currently carried out in independent processes. In the study, it has been concluded that the integrated climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction approach will ensure efficient use of resources, administrative and human capacity, direct financial resources to the right areas by creating an economy of scale, and have significant benefits in achieving the goals of United Nations Conventions and documents.

Kaynakça

  • Anzellini, V., B. Desai ve C. Leduc (2020). Grid 2020 Global Report on Internal Displacement. Geneva: IDMC.
  • Birkmann, Jörn ve Von Teichman, K. (2010). Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: Key Challenges-Scales, Knowledge, and Norms, Sustainability Science, 5(2):171-184.
  • Busayo, E. T. ve Kalumba, A. M. (2020). Coastal Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Review of Policy, Programme and Practice for Sustainable Planning Outcomes, MDPI-Sustainability, 12 (16): 1-16.
  • ÇŞB. (2020a). Türkiye'de İklim Değişikliğinden Kaynaklanan Afet Risklerinin Azaltılması ve Adaptasyonunda AFAD’ın Kapasitesinin Arttırılması için Teknik Destek Projesi, https://ipa.gov.tr/HaberDetay/IPA-II-Donemi-%E2%80%9C-Turkiye%27de-Iklim-Degisikliginden-Kaynaklanan-Afet-Risklerinin_2279 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2021).
  • ÇŞB. (2020b). Türkiye’de İklim Uyum Eyleminin Güçlendirilmesi Projesinin Açılışı Gerçekleştirildi, https://ipa.gov.tr/HaberDetay/Turkiye%E2%80%99de-Iklim-Uyum-Eyleminin-Guclendirilmesi-Projesinin-Acilisi-Gerceklestirildi_2269 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2021).
  • ÇŞB. (2021). Bakan Kurum: “İklim Değişikliğiyle Mücadele Raporunu Meclise Sunacağız”, https://csb.gov.tr/bakan-kurum-iklim-degisikligiyle-mucadele-raporunu-meclise-sunacagiz-bakanlik-faaliyetleri-30881 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2021).
  • Davies, M., Guenther, B., Leavy, J., Mitchell, T. ve Tanner, T. (2009). Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Risk Reduction and Social Protection: Complementary Roles in Agriculture and Rural Growth?, IDS Working Papers, 2009 (320): 1-37. EEA. (2017). Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Europe-Enhancing coherence of the knowledge base, policies and practices. EEA Report No 15/2017, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Forino, G., Von Meding, J., Brewer, G. ve Gajendran, T. (2014). Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Policy in Australia Procedia Economics and Finance, 18 (2014) 473-482.
  • Guralnick, J. (2018). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030: A Tool for Adaptation to Climate Change and National Adaptation Plans, http://comunidadpnacc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Integrating_DRM_ACC_and_SDG.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2020)
  • IOM (2010). Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation and Environmental Migration: A Policy Perspective, https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/ddr_cca_report.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2020)
  • IPCC (2012). Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for policymakers, Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC (2014a). AR5 Report, Working Group II: Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Summary for Policy Makers, IPCC.
  • IPCC (2014b). Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva: IPCC.
  • IPCC (2018a). Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 OC, IPCC.
  • IPCC (2018b). Annex I: Glossary (Ed. Robin Matthews), Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report, IPCC.
  • Islam, S., Cordia, C., Smart, J. C. R. ve Liew, L. (2019). Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: A Systematic Literature Review, Climate and Development, 12(3): 255-267.
  • Least Developed Countries Expert Group. 2012. National Adaptation Plans. Technical Guidelines for the National Adaptation Plan Process. Bonn: UNFCCC Secretariat.
  • Lisa, E. ve Schipper, F. (2011). Meeting at The Crossroads?: Exploring The Linkages Between Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate and Development, 1(1): 16-30.
  • Mercer, J. (2010). Disaster Risk Reduction or Climate Change Adaptation: Are We Reinventing The Wheel?, Journal of International Development, 22 (2): 247-264.
  • Munang, R., Thiaw, I., Alverson, K., Liu, J. ve Han, Z. (2013). The Role of Ecosystem Services in Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction, Sustainability, 5 (1): 47-52.
  • NAP Community (2019). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030: A tool for Adaptation to Climate Change and National Adaptation Plans, http://comunidadpnacc.com/en/the-sendai-framework-for-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030-a-tool-for-adaptation-to-climate-change-and-national-adaptation-plans/ (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2020)
  • Prasad, N., Ranghieri, F., Trohanis, F. S., Kessler, E. ve Sinha, R. (2009). Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer on Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters, Washington: World Bank.
  • Santoalla, E. (2010). Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines, Quezon City, Phillipines: Oxfam.
  • Solecki, W., Leichenko, R. ve O’Brien (2011). Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Disaster Risk Reduction in Cities: Connections, Contentions, and Synergies, Sustainability, 3 (3): 135-141.
  • Thomalla, F., Downing, T., Spanger-Siegfried, E., Han, G. ve Rockström, J. (2006). Reducing Hazard Vulnerability: Towards a Common Approach Between Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Adaptation, Disasters, 30 (1): 39-48.
  • The Cities Alliance, ICLEI ve UNEP (2007). Livable Cities the Benefits Of Urban Environmental Planning: A Cities Alliance Study On Good Practices And Useful Tools, Washington: The Cities Alliance.
  • UN (1996). Recife Declaration: “Urban Poverty: A World Challenge" Habitat II Recife International Meeting on Poverty, Recife, Brazil.
  • UN (2021). Sustainable Development Goals, https://sdgs.un.org/ (Son Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2021)
  • UNDP (2020a). BM SKA1: Yoksulluğa Son, ttps://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-1-no-poverty.html (Erişim Tarihi: 27.11.2020)
  • UNDP (2020b). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları Nelerdir? https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development-goals.html (Son Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020)
  • UNDRR (2015). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/69/283, UN.
  • UNDRR (2020). Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework: Guidance Note on Using Climate and Disaster Risk Management to Help Build Resilient Societies, Geneva: UNDRR.
  • UNDRR ve CRED (2020). The Human Cost of Disasters: An Overview of the Last 20 Years (2000-2019), UNDRR.
  • UNFCCC (1992). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN.
  • UNFCCC (2010). Decision 1/CP.16 The Cancun Agreements, https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2010/cop16/eng/07a01.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • UNFCCC (2011). Decision 5/CP.17: National Adaptation Plans, https://unfccc.int/files/adaptation/cancun_adaptation_framework/national_adaptation_plans/application/pdf/decision_5_cp_17.pdf (Son Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020).
  • UNFCCC (2015). Paris Agreement, Paris: UN.
  • UNFCCC (2019). Current Progress on NAPs,-June 2019, http://napexpo.org/napblogger/our_blog/progressonnapsjune2019/ (Son Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020)
  • UNFCCC (2017). Opportunities and Options for Integrating Climate Change Adaptation with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, Bonn: UNFCCC.
  • UNFCCC (2021). UNFCCC Technical Guidelines for the NAP Process, https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Guidelines/Pages/Technical-guidelines.aspx (Son Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • UN Habitat (2016). New Urban Agenda, UN Habitat.
  • UN Habitat (2020). Status of Human Settlements Statistics, UN Habitat Publication.
  • UNICEF ve AIDMI (2016). Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaption for Sustainable Development, https://www.preventionweb.net/files/51048_51034policybriefdrrandcca.pdf (Son Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020)
  • Warner, K., Ranger, N., Surminski, S., Arnold, M., Linnerooth, J., Michel-Kerjan, E., Kovacs, P. Ve Herweijer, C. (2009). Adaptation to Climate Change: Linking Disaster Risk Reduction and Insurance, Geneva: UNISDR. WEF (2021). The Global Risks Report 2021, Geneva: WEF.
  • World Bank (2020). Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020 Reversals of Fortune. Washington: World Bank.

Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 19, 30.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.891478

Öz

Küresel çapta son yıllarda yaşanan afetlerin sayı, sıklık ve şiddetinde önemli artışlar gözlemlenmektedir. Bu afetler içinde iklim değişikliğiyle ilişkili aşırı hava olaylarına bağlı meteorolojik ve hidrolojik afetlerin sayısındaki artış ise en fazla sayıda ve etki alanı en yüksek olandır. İklim değişikliğinin olumsuz sonuçlarının ülke sınırlarını aşan yapısı ve ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal bağlamdaki etkileri, iklim ile ilişkilendirilen afetlerin beraberinde doğal, biyolojik ve teknolojik afetlerin de ortaya çıkmasını kaçınılmaz kılmaktadır. Bu afetlerden ise çoğunlukla toplumların en kırılgan kesimleri ve mücadele kapasitesi yeterli olmayan gelişmekte olan ülkeler daha fazla etkilenmektedir. Bu sorunlarla etkin bir biçimde mücadele edilmesinde günümüzde bütünleşik afet risk azaltımı ve iklim değişikliğine uyum yaklaşımının geliştirilmesine ilişkin çalışmalar giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, birbirinden bağımsız süreçlerde yürütülen afet riski azaltımı ve iklim değişikliğine uyum eylemlerine bütünleşik bir yaklaşım geliştirmenin ortaya çıkaracağı sonuçların değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada bütünleşik iklim değişikliğine uyum ve afet riski azaltımı yaklaşımının kaynakların, idari ve beşerî kapasitenin etkin kullanılmasını, ölçek ekonomisi oluşturarak mali kaynakların doğru alanlara yönlendirilmesini sağlayacağı ve BM sözleşmelerinde ve belgelerinde yer alan hedeflerin gerçekleştirilmesi bağlamında önemli faydaları olduğu sonuçları elde edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Anzellini, V., B. Desai ve C. Leduc (2020). Grid 2020 Global Report on Internal Displacement. Geneva: IDMC.
  • Birkmann, Jörn ve Von Teichman, K. (2010). Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: Key Challenges-Scales, Knowledge, and Norms, Sustainability Science, 5(2):171-184.
  • Busayo, E. T. ve Kalumba, A. M. (2020). Coastal Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Review of Policy, Programme and Practice for Sustainable Planning Outcomes, MDPI-Sustainability, 12 (16): 1-16.
  • ÇŞB. (2020a). Türkiye'de İklim Değişikliğinden Kaynaklanan Afet Risklerinin Azaltılması ve Adaptasyonunda AFAD’ın Kapasitesinin Arttırılması için Teknik Destek Projesi, https://ipa.gov.tr/HaberDetay/IPA-II-Donemi-%E2%80%9C-Turkiye%27de-Iklim-Degisikliginden-Kaynaklanan-Afet-Risklerinin_2279 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2021).
  • ÇŞB. (2020b). Türkiye’de İklim Uyum Eyleminin Güçlendirilmesi Projesinin Açılışı Gerçekleştirildi, https://ipa.gov.tr/HaberDetay/Turkiye%E2%80%99de-Iklim-Uyum-Eyleminin-Guclendirilmesi-Projesinin-Acilisi-Gerceklestirildi_2269 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2021).
  • ÇŞB. (2021). Bakan Kurum: “İklim Değişikliğiyle Mücadele Raporunu Meclise Sunacağız”, https://csb.gov.tr/bakan-kurum-iklim-degisikligiyle-mucadele-raporunu-meclise-sunacagiz-bakanlik-faaliyetleri-30881 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2021).
  • Davies, M., Guenther, B., Leavy, J., Mitchell, T. ve Tanner, T. (2009). Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Risk Reduction and Social Protection: Complementary Roles in Agriculture and Rural Growth?, IDS Working Papers, 2009 (320): 1-37. EEA. (2017). Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Europe-Enhancing coherence of the knowledge base, policies and practices. EEA Report No 15/2017, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Forino, G., Von Meding, J., Brewer, G. ve Gajendran, T. (2014). Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Policy in Australia Procedia Economics and Finance, 18 (2014) 473-482.
  • Guralnick, J. (2018). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030: A Tool for Adaptation to Climate Change and National Adaptation Plans, http://comunidadpnacc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Integrating_DRM_ACC_and_SDG.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2020)
  • IOM (2010). Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation and Environmental Migration: A Policy Perspective, https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/ddr_cca_report.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2020)
  • IPCC (2012). Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for policymakers, Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC (2014a). AR5 Report, Working Group II: Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Summary for Policy Makers, IPCC.
  • IPCC (2014b). Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva: IPCC.
  • IPCC (2018a). Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 OC, IPCC.
  • IPCC (2018b). Annex I: Glossary (Ed. Robin Matthews), Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report, IPCC.
  • Islam, S., Cordia, C., Smart, J. C. R. ve Liew, L. (2019). Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: A Systematic Literature Review, Climate and Development, 12(3): 255-267.
  • Least Developed Countries Expert Group. 2012. National Adaptation Plans. Technical Guidelines for the National Adaptation Plan Process. Bonn: UNFCCC Secretariat.
  • Lisa, E. ve Schipper, F. (2011). Meeting at The Crossroads?: Exploring The Linkages Between Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate and Development, 1(1): 16-30.
  • Mercer, J. (2010). Disaster Risk Reduction or Climate Change Adaptation: Are We Reinventing The Wheel?, Journal of International Development, 22 (2): 247-264.
  • Munang, R., Thiaw, I., Alverson, K., Liu, J. ve Han, Z. (2013). The Role of Ecosystem Services in Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction, Sustainability, 5 (1): 47-52.
  • NAP Community (2019). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030: A tool for Adaptation to Climate Change and National Adaptation Plans, http://comunidadpnacc.com/en/the-sendai-framework-for-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030-a-tool-for-adaptation-to-climate-change-and-national-adaptation-plans/ (Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2020)
  • Prasad, N., Ranghieri, F., Trohanis, F. S., Kessler, E. ve Sinha, R. (2009). Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer on Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters, Washington: World Bank.
  • Santoalla, E. (2010). Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines, Quezon City, Phillipines: Oxfam.
  • Solecki, W., Leichenko, R. ve O’Brien (2011). Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Disaster Risk Reduction in Cities: Connections, Contentions, and Synergies, Sustainability, 3 (3): 135-141.
  • Thomalla, F., Downing, T., Spanger-Siegfried, E., Han, G. ve Rockström, J. (2006). Reducing Hazard Vulnerability: Towards a Common Approach Between Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Adaptation, Disasters, 30 (1): 39-48.
  • The Cities Alliance, ICLEI ve UNEP (2007). Livable Cities the Benefits Of Urban Environmental Planning: A Cities Alliance Study On Good Practices And Useful Tools, Washington: The Cities Alliance.
  • UN (1996). Recife Declaration: “Urban Poverty: A World Challenge" Habitat II Recife International Meeting on Poverty, Recife, Brazil.
  • UN (2021). Sustainable Development Goals, https://sdgs.un.org/ (Son Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2021)
  • UNDP (2020a). BM SKA1: Yoksulluğa Son, ttps://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-1-no-poverty.html (Erişim Tarihi: 27.11.2020)
  • UNDP (2020b). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları Nelerdir? https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development-goals.html (Son Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020)
  • UNDRR (2015). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/69/283, UN.
  • UNDRR (2020). Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework: Guidance Note on Using Climate and Disaster Risk Management to Help Build Resilient Societies, Geneva: UNDRR.
  • UNDRR ve CRED (2020). The Human Cost of Disasters: An Overview of the Last 20 Years (2000-2019), UNDRR.
  • UNFCCC (1992). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN.
  • UNFCCC (2010). Decision 1/CP.16 The Cancun Agreements, https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2010/cop16/eng/07a01.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • UNFCCC (2011). Decision 5/CP.17: National Adaptation Plans, https://unfccc.int/files/adaptation/cancun_adaptation_framework/national_adaptation_plans/application/pdf/decision_5_cp_17.pdf (Son Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020).
  • UNFCCC (2015). Paris Agreement, Paris: UN.
  • UNFCCC (2019). Current Progress on NAPs,-June 2019, http://napexpo.org/napblogger/our_blog/progressonnapsjune2019/ (Son Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020)
  • UNFCCC (2017). Opportunities and Options for Integrating Climate Change Adaptation with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, Bonn: UNFCCC.
  • UNFCCC (2021). UNFCCC Technical Guidelines for the NAP Process, https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Guidelines/Pages/Technical-guidelines.aspx (Son Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • UN Habitat (2016). New Urban Agenda, UN Habitat.
  • UN Habitat (2020). Status of Human Settlements Statistics, UN Habitat Publication.
  • UNICEF ve AIDMI (2016). Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaption for Sustainable Development, https://www.preventionweb.net/files/51048_51034policybriefdrrandcca.pdf (Son Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2020)
  • Warner, K., Ranger, N., Surminski, S., Arnold, M., Linnerooth, J., Michel-Kerjan, E., Kovacs, P. Ve Herweijer, C. (2009). Adaptation to Climate Change: Linking Disaster Risk Reduction and Insurance, Geneva: UNISDR. WEF (2021). The Global Risks Report 2021, Geneva: WEF.
  • World Bank (2020). Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020 Reversals of Fortune. Washington: World Bank.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çiğdem Tuğaç 0000-0002-2555-6641

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2021
Kabul Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuğaç, Ç. (2021). Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, 4(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.891478
AMA Tuğaç Ç. Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. Mayıs 2021;4(1):1-19. doi:10.35341/afet.891478
Chicago Tuğaç, Çiğdem. “Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı Ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi 4, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2021): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.891478.
EndNote Tuğaç Ç (01 Mayıs 2021) Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 4 1 1–19.
IEEE Ç. Tuğaç, “Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 1–19, 2021, doi: 10.35341/afet.891478.
ISNAD Tuğaç, Çiğdem. “Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı Ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 4/1 (Mayıs 2021), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.891478.
JAMA Tuğaç Ç. Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2021;4:1–19.
MLA Tuğaç, Çiğdem. “Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı Ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 1-19, doi:10.35341/afet.891478.
Vancouver Tuğaç Ç. Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2021;4(1):1-19.