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Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 351 - 370, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.982097

Öz

Tüm dünyada epidemik ve pandemik salgınlarla karşılaşabiliriz. Bu hastalıkların tahmin edilmesi çok zordur ve ciddi sonuçları vardır. Pandemilerde, kontaminasyonu azaltmak, hastalık yayılmasını önlemek ve çalışan personelin korunması için zamanında, etkili ve hızlı müdahalelerle ciddi planlara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu nedenle hastaneler pandemi öncesinde, sırasında ve sonrasında yapılması gereken stratejileri ve çalışmaları belirlemelidir. Pandemiye hazırlıklı olmak; eylem planının oluşturulması, pandemi sırasında sağlık ve diğer temel sistemlerin çalışmaya devam etmesini sağlamak ve böylece ekonomik ve sosyal maliyeti azaltmak için hayati önem taşır. Pandemide fiziki alanların, personelin, yetki ve sorumlulukların planlaması, kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı ve bu uygulamaların ne zaman ve nasıl hayata geçirileceğinin konusunda kararsızlıklar yaşandı. Bununla birlikte değişime alışkın genç bireylerden oluşan insan gücü, genişlemeye olanak sağlayan fiziksel yapı ve teknolojik olanaklar ise süreci kolaylaştıran faktörlerden olmuştur. Bu makale ile, özel bir hastanenin Covid-19 enfeksiyonu ile mücadelesinde literatür doğrultusunda uyguladığı hazırlık ve stratejilerin paylaşılması hedeflenmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Adams, J., ve Walls, R. (2020). Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA.
  • Adivar, B., ve Selen, E. S. (2013). Review of research studies on population specific epidemic disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management, 22(3), 243-264. doi:10.1108/DPM-09-2012-0107
  • Barba, R., Rosado, C., Pardo-Moreno, J., ve Rey-Biel, J. (2020). Managing People, Roles, and Resources During Covid-19 Surge How the Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital in Madrid quickly modified its spaces, staffing levels, and roles to confront a surge of Covid-19 patients. 1-6. doi:10.1056 / CAT.20.0152
  • Brindle, M. E., Doherty, G., Lillemoe, K., ve Gawande, A. (2020). Approaching surgical triage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of surgery, 272(2), e40.
  • Cao, Y., Li, Q., Chen, J., Guo, X., Miao, C., Yang, H., . . . Li, L. (2020). Hospital emergency management plan during the COVID‐19 epidemic. Academic emergency medicine, 27(4), 309-311. doi:10.1111/acem.13951
  • CDC. (2019). People Who Are at Higher Risk for Severe Illness. 2020, May 24. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extraprecautions/people-at-higher-risk.html.
  • Chen, S. C., Lai, Y. H., ve Tsay, S. L. (2020). Nursing Perspectives on the Impacts of COVID-19. Journal of Nursing Research, 28(3), e85. doi:10.1097 / NRJ.0000000000000389
  • Chopra, V., Toner, E., Waldhorn, R., ve Washer, L. (2020). How should US hospitals prepare for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? In: American College of Physicians.
  • Christopher, D., Isaac, B., Rupali, P., ve Thangakunam, B. (2020). Health-care preparedness and health-care worker protection in COVID-19 pandemic. Lung India: official organ of Indian Chest Society, 37(3), 238. doi:10.4103 / lungindia.lungindia_189_20
  • Cintoni, M., Rinninella, E., Annetta, M. G., ve Mele, M. C. (2020). Nutritional management in hospital setting during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a real-life experience. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(5), 846-847. doi:10.1016 / j.ijnurstu.2020.103567
  • Daugherty, E. L., Carlson, A. L., ve Perl, T. M. (2010). Planning for the inevitable: preparing for epidemic and pandemic respiratory illness in the shadow of H1N1 influenza. Clinical infectious diseases, 50(8), 1145-1154. doi:10.1086/651272
  • Emanuel, E. J., Persad, G., Upshur, R., Thome, B., Parker, M., Glickman, A., . . . Phillips, J. P. (2020). Fair allocation of scarce medical resources in the time of Covid-19. In: Mass Medical Soc.
  • Finegan, O., Fonseca, S., Pierre, G. h., Mendez, M. D. M., Gonzalez, J. R., Tidball-Binz, M., ve Winter, K. A. (2020). International committee of the red cross (ICRC): general guidance for the management of the dead related to COVID-19. Forensic Science International: Synergy. doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.03.007
  • Gan, W. H., Lim, J. W., ve David, K. (2020). Preventing intra-hospital infection and transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare workers. Safety and Health at Work. doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.001
  • Grasselli, G., Pesenti, A., ve Cecconi, M. (2020). Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: early experience and forecast during an emergency response. JAMA, 323(16), 1545-1546. doi:10.1001 / jama.2020.4031
  • Güngör, B. (2020). Türkiye’de Covid-19 Pandemisi Süresince Alınan Önlemlerin Kriz Yönetimi Perspektifinden Değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi(4), 818-851.
  • Jazieh, A. R., ve Kozlakidis, Z. (2020). Healthcare transformation in the post-coronavirus pandemic era. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 429. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00429
  • Jöbges, S., Vinay, R., Luyckx, V. A., ve Biller‐Andorno, N. (2020). Recommendations on COVID‐19 triage: international comparison and ethical analysis. Bioethics, 34(9), 948-959.
  • Keesara, S., Jonas, A., ve Schulman, K. (2020). Covid-19 and health care’s digital revolution. New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056 / NEJMp2005835
  • Khaldoon Aljerian, M. COVID-19: Lessons in Laboratory Medicine, Pathology, and Autopsy. doi:10.4103 / atm.ATM_173_20
  • Kibbe, M. R. (2020). Surgery and COVID-19. JAMA, 324(12), 1151-1152.
  • Klompas, M. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): protecting hospitals from the invisible. In: American College of Physicians.
  • Klompas, M., Morris, C., Sinclair, J., Pearson, M., ve Shenoy, E. (2020). Universal Masking in Hospitals in the Covid-19 Era. The New England journal of medicine. doi:10.1056 / NEJMp2006372
  • Kooraki, S., Hosseiny, M., Myers, L., ve Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: what the department of radiology should know. Journal of the American college of radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2020.02.008
  • Liew, M. F., Siow, W. T., Yau, Y. W., ve See, K. C. (2020). Safe patient transport for COVID-19. Critical Care, 24. Millar, R. C. (2020). Nursing a patient with Covid-19 infection. Tasman Medical Journal, 1(1).
  • Mossa-Basha, M., Meltzer, C. C., Kim, D. C., Tuite, M. J., Kolli, K. P., ve Tan, B. S. (2020). Radiology department preparedness for COVID-19: radiology scientific expert panel. Radiology, 200988. doi:/10.1148/radiol.2020200988
  • Murthy, S., Gomersall, C. D., ve Fowler, R. A. (2020). Care for critically ill patients with COVID-19. JAMA, 323(15), 1499-1500. doi:10.1001 / jama.2020.3633
  • Pala, S. Ç., ve Metintaş, S. (2020). Covıd-19 Pandemisinde Sağlık Çalışanları. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5, 175-187.
  • Peeri, N. C., Shrestha, N., Rahman, M. S., Zaki, R., Tan, Z., Bibi, S., . . . Haque, U. (2020). The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? International journal of epidemiology. doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa033
  • Portnoy, J., Waller, M., ve Elliott, T. (2020). Telemedicine in the Era of COVID-19. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.008
  • Rana, W., Mukhtar, S., ve Mukhtar, S. (2020). Mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry. doi:10.1016 / j.ajp.2020.102080
  • Rasmussen, S. A., Smulian, J. C., Lednicky, J. A., Wen, T. S., ve Jamieson, D. J. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians need to know. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017
  • Rebmann, T. (2008). Preparing for pandemic influenza. The Journal of perinatal ve neonatal nursing, 22(3), 191-202. doi:10.1097 / 01.JPN.0000333919.22705.2e
  • Smith, A. C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C. L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., ve Caffery, L. J. (2020). Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 1357633X20916567. doi:10.1177/1357633X20916567
  • Şahan, C., Özgür, E. A., Arkan, G., Alagüney, M. E., ve Demiral, Y. (2019). COVID-19 Pandemisi’nde meslek hastalığı tanı kılavuzu. İş ve Meslek Hastalıkları Uzmanları Derneği ve Halk Sağlığı Uzmanları Derneği. T.C.SağlıkBakanlığı. (2020). Covid-19 COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. Erişim Adresi: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr. Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2021.
  • Taylor, B., Montgomery, H., Rhodes, A., ve Sprung, C. (2010). Protection of patients and staff during a pandemic. Intensive care medicine, 36, 45-54. doi:10.1007/s00134-010-1764-1
  • Toner, E., ve Waldhorn, R. (2006). What hospitals should do to prepare for an influenza pandemic. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, 4(4), 397-402. doi:10.1089/bsp.2006.4.397
  • Urbach, D. R., ve Martin, D. (2020). Confronting the COVID-19 surgery crisis: time for transformational change. CMAJ, 192(21), E585-E586.
  • Wake, R. M., Morgan, M., Choi, J., ve Winn, S. (2020). Reducing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19: implementation of a COVID-19 triage system. Clinical Medicine, 20(5), 141-145. doi:10.7861 / Clinmed.2020-0411
  • WHO. (2020, Mart 24). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: infection prevention and control. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/infection-prevention-and-control.
  • WHO. (2020,Eylül 4). Infection prevention and control for the safe management of a dead body in the context of COVID-19. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331538/WHO-COVID-19-lPC_DBMgmt-2020.1-eng.pdf.
  • WHO.(2021, Novamber 26). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. World Healh Organization [Internet]. [Erişim tarihi: 26.11.2021]. https://covid19.who.int/.
  • Wong, J., Goh, Q. Y., Tan, Z., Lie, S. A., Tay, Y. C., Ng, S. Y., ve Soh, C. R. (2020). Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 1-14. doi:10.1007/s12630-020-01620-9
  • Xiao, Y., ve Torok, M. E. (2020). Taking the right measures to control COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 523-524. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30152-3
  • Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J., Khabsa, J., El-Harakeh, A., Khamis, A. M., Chamseddine, F., . . . Garcia, C. C. (2020). Safe management of bodies of deceased persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. BMJ Global Health, 5(5), e002650. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002650

Hospital Practices in Covid-19 Pandemic - Private Hospital Example

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 351 - 370, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.982097

Öz

We could face epidemics and pandemics all over the world. These diseases are very difficult to predict and have serious consequences. In pandemics, serious plans with timely, effective and fast interventions are needed to reduce contaminations, prevention of disease spread and protection of working personnel. Therefore, hospitals should determine strategies and the works that needs to be done before, during and after the pandemic. Being prepared for a pandemic and creating an action plan is vital to ensure health and other basic systems continue to work during the pandemic and to reduce economic and social costs. In the pandemic, there were ambiguities about the planning of physical areas, personnel, authorities and responsibilities, the use of personal protective equipment, and when and how these practices would be implemented. On the other hand, manpower consisting of young individuals who are accustomed to change, physical structure and technological possibilities that allow expansion have been among the factors that facilitate the process. With this article, it is aimed to share the preparations and strategies applied by a private hospital in the fight against Covid-19 infection in line with the literature.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Adams, J., ve Walls, R. (2020). Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA.
  • Adivar, B., ve Selen, E. S. (2013). Review of research studies on population specific epidemic disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management, 22(3), 243-264. doi:10.1108/DPM-09-2012-0107
  • Barba, R., Rosado, C., Pardo-Moreno, J., ve Rey-Biel, J. (2020). Managing People, Roles, and Resources During Covid-19 Surge How the Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital in Madrid quickly modified its spaces, staffing levels, and roles to confront a surge of Covid-19 patients. 1-6. doi:10.1056 / CAT.20.0152
  • Brindle, M. E., Doherty, G., Lillemoe, K., ve Gawande, A. (2020). Approaching surgical triage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of surgery, 272(2), e40.
  • Cao, Y., Li, Q., Chen, J., Guo, X., Miao, C., Yang, H., . . . Li, L. (2020). Hospital emergency management plan during the COVID‐19 epidemic. Academic emergency medicine, 27(4), 309-311. doi:10.1111/acem.13951
  • CDC. (2019). People Who Are at Higher Risk for Severe Illness. 2020, May 24. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extraprecautions/people-at-higher-risk.html.
  • Chen, S. C., Lai, Y. H., ve Tsay, S. L. (2020). Nursing Perspectives on the Impacts of COVID-19. Journal of Nursing Research, 28(3), e85. doi:10.1097 / NRJ.0000000000000389
  • Chopra, V., Toner, E., Waldhorn, R., ve Washer, L. (2020). How should US hospitals prepare for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? In: American College of Physicians.
  • Christopher, D., Isaac, B., Rupali, P., ve Thangakunam, B. (2020). Health-care preparedness and health-care worker protection in COVID-19 pandemic. Lung India: official organ of Indian Chest Society, 37(3), 238. doi:10.4103 / lungindia.lungindia_189_20
  • Cintoni, M., Rinninella, E., Annetta, M. G., ve Mele, M. C. (2020). Nutritional management in hospital setting during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a real-life experience. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(5), 846-847. doi:10.1016 / j.ijnurstu.2020.103567
  • Daugherty, E. L., Carlson, A. L., ve Perl, T. M. (2010). Planning for the inevitable: preparing for epidemic and pandemic respiratory illness in the shadow of H1N1 influenza. Clinical infectious diseases, 50(8), 1145-1154. doi:10.1086/651272
  • Emanuel, E. J., Persad, G., Upshur, R., Thome, B., Parker, M., Glickman, A., . . . Phillips, J. P. (2020). Fair allocation of scarce medical resources in the time of Covid-19. In: Mass Medical Soc.
  • Finegan, O., Fonseca, S., Pierre, G. h., Mendez, M. D. M., Gonzalez, J. R., Tidball-Binz, M., ve Winter, K. A. (2020). International committee of the red cross (ICRC): general guidance for the management of the dead related to COVID-19. Forensic Science International: Synergy. doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.03.007
  • Gan, W. H., Lim, J. W., ve David, K. (2020). Preventing intra-hospital infection and transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare workers. Safety and Health at Work. doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.001
  • Grasselli, G., Pesenti, A., ve Cecconi, M. (2020). Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: early experience and forecast during an emergency response. JAMA, 323(16), 1545-1546. doi:10.1001 / jama.2020.4031
  • Güngör, B. (2020). Türkiye’de Covid-19 Pandemisi Süresince Alınan Önlemlerin Kriz Yönetimi Perspektifinden Değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi(4), 818-851.
  • Jazieh, A. R., ve Kozlakidis, Z. (2020). Healthcare transformation in the post-coronavirus pandemic era. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 429. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00429
  • Jöbges, S., Vinay, R., Luyckx, V. A., ve Biller‐Andorno, N. (2020). Recommendations on COVID‐19 triage: international comparison and ethical analysis. Bioethics, 34(9), 948-959.
  • Keesara, S., Jonas, A., ve Schulman, K. (2020). Covid-19 and health care’s digital revolution. New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056 / NEJMp2005835
  • Khaldoon Aljerian, M. COVID-19: Lessons in Laboratory Medicine, Pathology, and Autopsy. doi:10.4103 / atm.ATM_173_20
  • Kibbe, M. R. (2020). Surgery and COVID-19. JAMA, 324(12), 1151-1152.
  • Klompas, M. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): protecting hospitals from the invisible. In: American College of Physicians.
  • Klompas, M., Morris, C., Sinclair, J., Pearson, M., ve Shenoy, E. (2020). Universal Masking in Hospitals in the Covid-19 Era. The New England journal of medicine. doi:10.1056 / NEJMp2006372
  • Kooraki, S., Hosseiny, M., Myers, L., ve Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: what the department of radiology should know. Journal of the American college of radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2020.02.008
  • Liew, M. F., Siow, W. T., Yau, Y. W., ve See, K. C. (2020). Safe patient transport for COVID-19. Critical Care, 24. Millar, R. C. (2020). Nursing a patient with Covid-19 infection. Tasman Medical Journal, 1(1).
  • Mossa-Basha, M., Meltzer, C. C., Kim, D. C., Tuite, M. J., Kolli, K. P., ve Tan, B. S. (2020). Radiology department preparedness for COVID-19: radiology scientific expert panel. Radiology, 200988. doi:/10.1148/radiol.2020200988
  • Murthy, S., Gomersall, C. D., ve Fowler, R. A. (2020). Care for critically ill patients with COVID-19. JAMA, 323(15), 1499-1500. doi:10.1001 / jama.2020.3633
  • Pala, S. Ç., ve Metintaş, S. (2020). Covıd-19 Pandemisinde Sağlık Çalışanları. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5, 175-187.
  • Peeri, N. C., Shrestha, N., Rahman, M. S., Zaki, R., Tan, Z., Bibi, S., . . . Haque, U. (2020). The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? International journal of epidemiology. doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa033
  • Portnoy, J., Waller, M., ve Elliott, T. (2020). Telemedicine in the Era of COVID-19. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.008
  • Rana, W., Mukhtar, S., ve Mukhtar, S. (2020). Mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry. doi:10.1016 / j.ajp.2020.102080
  • Rasmussen, S. A., Smulian, J. C., Lednicky, J. A., Wen, T. S., ve Jamieson, D. J. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians need to know. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017
  • Rebmann, T. (2008). Preparing for pandemic influenza. The Journal of perinatal ve neonatal nursing, 22(3), 191-202. doi:10.1097 / 01.JPN.0000333919.22705.2e
  • Smith, A. C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C. L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., ve Caffery, L. J. (2020). Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 1357633X20916567. doi:10.1177/1357633X20916567
  • Şahan, C., Özgür, E. A., Arkan, G., Alagüney, M. E., ve Demiral, Y. (2019). COVID-19 Pandemisi’nde meslek hastalığı tanı kılavuzu. İş ve Meslek Hastalıkları Uzmanları Derneği ve Halk Sağlığı Uzmanları Derneği. T.C.SağlıkBakanlığı. (2020). Covid-19 COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. Erişim Adresi: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr. Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2021.
  • Taylor, B., Montgomery, H., Rhodes, A., ve Sprung, C. (2010). Protection of patients and staff during a pandemic. Intensive care medicine, 36, 45-54. doi:10.1007/s00134-010-1764-1
  • Toner, E., ve Waldhorn, R. (2006). What hospitals should do to prepare for an influenza pandemic. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, 4(4), 397-402. doi:10.1089/bsp.2006.4.397
  • Urbach, D. R., ve Martin, D. (2020). Confronting the COVID-19 surgery crisis: time for transformational change. CMAJ, 192(21), E585-E586.
  • Wake, R. M., Morgan, M., Choi, J., ve Winn, S. (2020). Reducing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19: implementation of a COVID-19 triage system. Clinical Medicine, 20(5), 141-145. doi:10.7861 / Clinmed.2020-0411
  • WHO. (2020, Mart 24). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: infection prevention and control. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/infection-prevention-and-control.
  • WHO. (2020,Eylül 4). Infection prevention and control for the safe management of a dead body in the context of COVID-19. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331538/WHO-COVID-19-lPC_DBMgmt-2020.1-eng.pdf.
  • WHO.(2021, Novamber 26). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. World Healh Organization [Internet]. [Erişim tarihi: 26.11.2021]. https://covid19.who.int/.
  • Wong, J., Goh, Q. Y., Tan, Z., Lie, S. A., Tay, Y. C., Ng, S. Y., ve Soh, C. R. (2020). Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 1-14. doi:10.1007/s12630-020-01620-9
  • Xiao, Y., ve Torok, M. E. (2020). Taking the right measures to control COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 523-524. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30152-3
  • Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J., Khabsa, J., El-Harakeh, A., Khamis, A. M., Chamseddine, F., . . . Garcia, C. C. (2020). Safe management of bodies of deceased persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. BMJ Global Health, 5(5), e002650. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002650
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zibel Koç 0000-0002-8708-431X

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 27 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Koç, Z. (2021). Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, 4(2), 351-370. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.982097
AMA Koç Z. Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. Kasım 2021;4(2):351-370. doi:10.35341/afet.982097
Chicago Koç, Zibel. “Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi 4, sy. 2 (Kasım 2021): 351-70. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.982097.
EndNote Koç Z (01 Kasım 2021) Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 4 2 351–370.
IEEE Z. Koç, “Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 2, ss. 351–370, 2021, doi: 10.35341/afet.982097.
ISNAD Koç, Zibel. “Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 4/2 (Kasım 2021), 351-370. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.982097.
JAMA Koç Z. Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2021;4:351–370.
MLA Koç, Zibel. “Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 351-70, doi:10.35341/afet.982097.
Vancouver Koç Z. Covid-19 Salgınında Hastane Uygulamaları- Özel Hastane Örneği. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2021;4(2):351-70.