Apoptotic Effects of Alpha-Linolenic Acid

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 46 - 49, 29.02.2024

Perçin Pazarcı

https://doi.org/10.61845/agrimedical.1356667

Öz

In recent years, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an important omega-3 fatty acid, has become the focus of research due to its potential effects on apoptosis. This review aims to provide an in-depth look at the relationship between ALA and apoptotic pathways and to shed light on the molecular mechanisms that support this interaction. Our study reviews the effect of ALA on apoptosis, examining its effects in various physiological and pathological contexts. It particularly highlights the promising role of ALA in cancer therapy, neurodegenerative disease management, immune system regulation, and incorporation into personalized nutritional strategies. In this review, we aim to guide future research while outlining the diverse applications of ALA in healthcare, emphasizing the importance of conducting comprehensive studies, including animal models and clinical trials, to confirm in vitro findings and uncover the complex molecular mechanisms behind apoptotic modulation of ALA. In conclusion, this study aims to explain the versatile nature of ALA as a bioactive compound and its potential for health due to its effect on apoptosis. Our review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in this field, encouraging further interdisciplinary research and further exploiting the therapeutic potential of ALA's apoptotic effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alpha-Linolenic Acid, Apoptosis, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Phytotherapy

Alfa-Linolenik Asitin Apoptotik Etkileri

Öz

Son yıllarda, önemli bir omega-3 yağ asidi olan alfa-linolenik asit (ALA), apopitoz üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri nedeniyle araştırmaların odak noktası olmaya başlamıştır. Bu derleme, ALA ile apoptotik yollar arasındaki ilişkiye derinlemesine bir bakış sunarak, bu etkileşimi destekleyen moleküler mekanizmalara ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamız, ALA'nın apoptoz üzerindeki etkisini gözden geçirerek bunun çeşitli fizyolojik ve patolojik bağlamlardaki etkilerini incelemektedir. Özellikle ALA'nın kanser terapisinde, nörodejeneratif hastalık yönetiminde, bağışıklık sistemi düzenlemesinde ve kişiselleştirilmiş beslenme stratejilerine dahil edilmesinde umut verici rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Derlememizde, ALA'nın sağlık alanındaki çeşitli uygulamalarının ana hatlarını çizerken, in vitro bulguları doğrulamak ve ALA'nın apoptotik modülasyonunun ardındaki karmaşık moleküler mekanizmaları ortaya çıkarmak için hayvan modelleri ve klinik deneyler de dahil olmak üzere kapsamlı çalışmalar yürütmenin önemini vurgulayarak gelecekteki araştırmalara yol göstermeyi hedefliyoruz. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ALA'nın biyoaktif bir bileşik olarak çok yönlü doğasını ve apopitoz üzerindeki etkisi dolayısıyla sağlık üzerindeki potansiyelini anlatmayı amaçlamaktadır. Derlememiz bu alandaki mevcut bilgi durumuna kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunarak, daha fazla disiplinlerarası araştırmaya teşvik etmeyi ve ALA'nın apoptotik etkilerinin terapötik potansiyelinden daha fazla yararlanmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alfa-Linolenik Asit, Apoptoz, Kanser, Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklar, Fitoterapi

Kaynakça

• Fan H, Huang W, Guo Y, Ma X, Yang J. alpha-linolenic acid suppresses proliferation and invasion in osteosarcoma cells via inhibiting fatty acid synthase. Molecules. 2022;27(9):2741.
• Gao X, Chang S, Liu S, et al. Correlations between alpha-linolenic acid-improved multitissue homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. mSystems. 2020;5(6):e00391- 00320.
• Zhang Y, Dong L, Yang X, Shi H, Zhang L. alpha-linolenic acid prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis of stearic acid lipotoxicity on primary rat hepatocytes. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:81.
• Brenna JT, Salem Jr N, Sinclair AJ, Cunnane SC. International Society for the Study of Fatty A, Lipids I. alpha-Linolenic acid supplementation and conversion to n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009;80(2- 3):85-91.
• Mukerjee S, Saeedan AS, Ansari MN, Singh M. Polyunsaturated fatty acids mediated regulation of membrane biochemistry and tumor cell membrane integrity. Membranes (Basel). 2021;11(7):479.
• Rajaram S. Health benefits of plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100 Suppl 1:443S-448S.
• Kumar NG, Contaifer D, Madurantakam P, et al. Dietary bioactive fatty acids as modulators of immune function: implications on human health. Nutrients. 2019;11(12):2974.
• Andersen CJ. Lipid Metabolism in inflammation and immune function. Nutrients. 2022;14(7):1414.
• Plati J, Bucur O, Khosravi-Far R. Dysregulation of apoptotic signaling in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. J Cell Biochem. 2008;104(4):1124-1149.
• Jan R, Chaudhry GE. Understanding apoptosis and apoptotic pathways targeted cancer therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull. 2019;9(2):205-218.
• Feng S, Xie X, Chen C, Zuo S, Zhao X, Li H. Alpha-linolenic acid inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through Farnesoid X receptor/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2022;19(1):57.
• Lu X, Yu H, Ma Q, Shen S, Das UN. Linoleic acid suppresses colorectal cancer cell growth by inducing oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Lipids Health Dis. 2010;9:106.
• Mason JK, Klaire S, Kharotia S, Wiggins AK, Thompson LU. alpha-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, alone and combined with trastuzumab, reduce HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell growth but differentially regulate HER2 signaling pathways. Lipids Health Dis. 2015;14:91.
• Kim JY, Park HD, Park E, Chon JW, Park YK. Growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of alpha-linolenic acid on estrogen-positive breast cancer cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1171:190-195.
• Alam SI, Kim MW, Shah FA, Saeed K, Ullah R, Kim MO. Alpha-linolenic acid impedes cadmium-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in mouse brain. Cells. 2021;10(9):2274.
• Liu W, Shi LJ, Li SG. The Immunomodulatory Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Autoimmune Diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:8086257.
• Calder PC. Mechanisms of action of (n-3) fatty acids. J Nutr. 2012;142(3):592S-599S.
• Truan JS, Chen JM, Thompson LU. Flaxseed oil reduces the growth of human breast tumors (MCF-7) at high levels of circulating estrogen. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010;54(10):1414-1421.
• Montecillo-Aguado M, Tirado-Rodriguez B, Huerta-Yepez S. The involvement of polyunsaturated fatty acids in apoptosis mechanisms and their implications in cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(14):11691.
• Choi HS, Kim JH, Jang SJ, et al. Synergistic tumoricidal effects of alpha-lipoic acid and radiotherapy on human breast cancer cells via HMGB1. Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):685-694.
• Bougnoux P, Hajjaji N, Maheo K, Couet C, Chevalier S. Fatty acids and breast cancer: sensitization to treatments and prevention of metastatic re-growth. Prog Lipid Res. 2010;49(1):76-86.
• Ali W, Ikram M, Park HY, et al. Oral administration of alpha linoleic acid rescues abetainduced glia-mediated neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6N mice. Cells. 2020;9(3):667.
• Hidalgo MA, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Long chain fatty acids as modulators of immune cells function: Contribution of FFA1 and FFA4 receptors. Front Physiol. 2021;12:668330.
• Vlachos C, Gaitanis G, Katsanos KH, Christodoulou DK, Tsianos E, Bassukas ID. Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease: links and risks. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2016;6:73-92.
• Zhang W, Wang R, Han SF, et al. Alpha-linolenic acid attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells via PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Nutrition. 2007;23(10):762-770.