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Suriyeli Mültecilerin İş Yaşamına Uyumu: Konaklama ve Yiyecek & İçecek İşletmelerinde Nitel Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 164 - 190, 26.06.2020

Öz

Mültecilerin çalışma hayatına adaptasyonu mülteci nüfusu olan ülkeler için ciddi bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Gayri resmi çalışma, mültecilerin yaşadığı ülkelerde yaygın bir sorundur. Gayri resmi olarak çalışan mültecilerin düşük ücreti, yerel toplumun kabul etmediği uzun çalışma saatlerini ve sıradışı çalışma koşullarını kabul etmek zorunda oldukları görülmektedir. Türkiye, Suriyeli mültecilerin en fazla nüfusa ev sahipliği yapan ülkesidir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki konaklama ve yiyecek-içecek işletmelerinde çalışan Suriyeli mültecilerin iş hayatına uyumunun hem Suriyeli mülteciler hem de ilgili STK/hükümet yöneticileri tarafından değerlendirilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hem mülteciler hem de yöneticilerle yapılan görüşmelerde ortaya çıkan en önemli sorun, mültecilerin Türkçe bilmemesidir. Ayrıca, mültecilerin yerel işgücünün istihdamında düşüşe neden olabileceği ve uyum sorunlarının azaltılması için mesleki eğitimin gerekliliği yöneticiler tarafından vurgulanan önemli noktalardır. onaklama ve yiyecek-içecek işletmelerinde çalışan Suriyeli mültecilerin iş hayatında karşılaştığı sorunlar düşük ücretler, uzun çalışma saatleri, dil yetersizliği ve çalışma izinleri ile ilgili problemler olmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, kontrolün artırılması ve yerel toplumun istihdamına zarar gelmemesi için mültecilerin resmi olarak çalışmasının önemli rol oynamaktadır.

Kaynakça

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  • Beversluis, D., Schoeller-Diaz, D., Anderson, M., Anderson, N., Slaughter, A. and Patel, R. B. (2016). Developing and Validating the Refugee Integration Scale in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Refugee Studies, 30(1), 106-132.
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  • Buchanan, Z. E., Abu-Rayya, H. M., Kashima, E. and Paxton, S. J. (2016). The Interconnection Between Acculturation and Subjective and Social Wellbeing Among Refugee Youth in Australia. Journal of Refugee Studies, 30(4), 511-529.
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Syrian Refugees’ Integration into Working Life: Qualitative Research in Accommodation and Food & Beverage Enterprises

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 164 - 190, 26.06.2020

Öz

The adaptation of refugees to working life constitutes a serious problem for the countries with a certain proportion of the refugee population. Informal working is a common problem in countries where refugees live. It seems that refugees working informally earn low wages and are obliged to accept long working hours and extraordinary working conditions that the local community does not accept. Turkey is the country that hosts the most population of Syrian refugees. This study was conducted with the aim of the assessment of the adaptation of Syrian Refugees, who live in Turkey and work in accommodation and food & beverage businesses, to the labor market by both Syrian refugees and the relevant NGO/government executives. The most important problem that comes up with the interviews with both refugees and managers is that refugees are not fluent in Turkish. In addition, the concerns that refugees may cause a decline in the employment of the local labor force, and that their adaptation problem may be reduced if they receive vocational training are also important points emphasized by the managers. The problems encountered by the Syrian labor force focus on low wages, long working hours, lack of language proficiency, and work permits. The findings of the study demonstrate that the inclusion of refugees in working life formally is important in terms of increasing control and not harming the employment of the local community.

Kaynakça

  • Ager, A. and Strang, A. (2008). Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 166-191.
  • Akbaş, S. and Ünlütürk Ulutaş, Ç. (2018). Küresel Fabrika Kentinin Görünmeyen İşçileri: Denizli İşgücü Piyasasında Suriyeli Göçmenler. Çalışma ve Toplum, 56, 167-192.
  • Akçadağ Alagöz, E. (2011). Göçün 50. yılında Avrupalı Türkler. [URL: http://www.bilgesam.org/incele/751/-gocun-50--yilinda-avrupali-turkler/#.W-m2j5MzZPY] (Date of Access: 02.03.2019).
  • Atfıeld, G., Brahmbhatt, K. and O’toole, T. (2007). Refugees’ Experiences of Integration. [URL: file:///C:/Users/PC2/Downloads/A9R1CB6.pdf] (Date of Access: 03.02. 2019).
  • Balkır, C. (2016). Uluslararası Ekonomik Bütünleşme Kuram, Politika, Uygulama AB ve Dünya Örnekleri. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Beg, N. W. (2005). A Qualitative Study on The Factors Influencing the Cultural, Economic and Social Integration of Afghan Women in Canada. (Master’s Thesis) Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Acculturation and Adaptation, Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5-34.
  • Berry, J. W.(2001), A Psychology of Immigration. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 615-631.
  • Beversluis, D., Schoeller-Diaz, D., Anderson, M., Anderson, N., Slaughter, A. and Patel, R. B. (2016). Developing and Validating the Refugee Integration Scale in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Refugee Studies, 30(1), 106-132.
  • Bloch, A. (2002). The Migration and Settlement of Refugees in Britain. New York: Palgrave.
  • Buchanan, Z. E., Abu-Rayya, H. M., Kashima, E. and Paxton, S. J. (2016). The Interconnection Between Acculturation and Subjective and Social Wellbeing Among Refugee Youth in Australia. Journal of Refugee Studies, 30(4), 511-529.
  • Burnett, K. (2012). Integration of Refugees in the Czech Republic. (Doctoral Dissertation). Available from Rutgers University Library Database.
  • Canadian Council for Refugees. (1998). Best Settlement Practices: Settlement Services for Refugees and Immigrants in Canada. [URL: http://ccrweb.ca/sites/ccrweb.ca/files/static-files/bpfina1.htm] (Date of Access: 10.02.2019).
  • Carmon, N. (1996). Immigration and Integration in Post-Industrial Societies: Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses. In Carmon, N. (Ed.), Immigration and Integration in Post-Industrial Societies. Theoretical Analysis and Policy-Related Research London: MacMillan Press Ltd., pp. 13-29.
  • Castles, S. and Miller, J. M. (2003). The Age of Migration: International Population, Movements in The Modem World. New York: Palgrave.
  • Council of Europe (1997). Measurement and Indicators of Integration. Strasbourg: COE.
  • Crisp, J. (2004). The Local Integration and Local Settlement of Refugees: A Conceptual and Historical Analysis, New Issues in Refugee Research. [URL: http://www.unhcr.org/407d3b762. html] (Date of Access: 20.02.2019).
  • Çağlar, A. and Onay, A. (2015). Entegrasyon/Uyum: Kavramsal ve Yapısal Bir Analiz. In Şeker, B. D., Sirkeci, İ. and Yüceşahin, M. M. (Eds.), Göç ve uyum. United Kingdom: Transnational Press London.
  • Çetin, İ. (2016). Suriyeli Mültecilerin İşgücüne Katılımları ve Entegrasyon: Adana-Mersin Örneği, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(4), 1001-1016.
  • Çoban, B. (2018). Türkiye’de İşsizlik Profili Bağlamında Suriyeli Gençlerin İstanbul İşgücü Piyasasına Katılım Sorunları. Çalışma ve Toplum, 56, 193-216.
  • Demiryürek, İ. (2012). Almanya entegrasyon politikası ve Hamburg örneği. (Expertise Thesis). Available from library database of Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities (YTB) .
  • Duruel, M. (2017). Suriyeli Sığınmacıların Karşılaştıkları Temel Sorunlar, Algı ve Beklentiler: Hatay Örneği, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 62, 57-79.
  • Erjem, Y. (2009). Mersin’de Göç, Kentleşme ve Sosyal Problemler. Mersin: Güven Ofset.
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  • Loffler, B. (2011). Integration in Deutschland. München: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. Martikainen, T. and Ozmen, N. (2010). Din, Göçmenler ve Entegrasyon. M.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 263-276.
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  • Mutlu, P. Mısırlı, K. Y., Kahveci, M., Akyol, A. E., Erol, E., Gumuscan, I., Pınar, E. and Salman, C. (2018). Suriyeli Göçmen İşçilerin İstanbul Ölçeğinde Tekstil Sektörü Emek Piyasasına Eklemlenmeleri ve Etkileri. Çalışma ve Toplum, 56, 69-92.
  • Nye, J. S. (1971). Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organization. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
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  • Pennınx, R. (2004, January). The Logic of Integration Policies: An Exercise in Policy Thinking. Lecture at CEDEM, University of Liège.
  • Persembe, E. (2005). Almanya’da Türk Kimliği: Din ve Entegrasyon. İstanbul: Araştırma Yayınları.
  • Pietka-Nykaz, E. (2015). I Want to Do Anything Which is Decent and Relates to My Profession: Refugee Doctors’ and Teachers’ Strategies of Re-Entering Their Professions in the UK. Journal of Refugee Studies, 28(4), 521-543.
  • Pınar, A., Siverekli, E. and Demir, M. (2016). Şanlıurfa’da İşverenlerin ve İşçilerin Suriyeli İstihdamına Bakışı. [URL: https://www.ilo.org/ankara/news/WCMS_479272/lang--tr/index.htm] (Date of Access: 25.02.2019).
  • Portes, A. and Zhou, M. (1993). The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and its Variants. Annals of the Academy of Political and Social Science, 530, 74–96.
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  • Rex, J. and Singh, G. (2003). Multiculturalism and Political Integration in Modern Nation-States: Thematic Introduction. International Journal on Multicultural Societies (IJMS), 5(1), 3-19.
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  • Stenvi, T. E., Carson, P. P., Randall, R. L. and Bohn, M. (2018), Transitions of South Sudanese Refugees: Reaching for a Better Life, Journal of Refugee Studies, 1-23.
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Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Güney Çetin Gürkan 0000-0002-1964-6966

Başak Özyurt 0000-0003-3225-0250

Ayşen Tuna Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4615-4374

Çağrı Saçlı 0000-0001-7771-8190

Muharrem Tuna 0000-0001-5526-7122

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çetin Gürkan, G., Özyurt, B., Tuna, A., Saçlı, Ç., vd. (2020). Syrian Refugees’ Integration into Working Life: Qualitative Research in Accommodation and Food & Beverage Enterprises. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 164-190.