YARI PARLAMENTER SİSTEM AYRI BİR HÜKÜMET SİSTEMİ MODELİ OLABİLİR Mİ?

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 839 - 868, 08.05.2021

İsmail Yazıcıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.933624

Öz

Bu çalışmada Steffen Ganghof tarafından ortaya atılan yarı parlamenter sistem incelenmekte ve yarı parlamenter sistemin ayrı bir hükümet sistemi modeli olup olmadığı sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır. Ganghof’un yarı parlamenter sistemi, yarı başkanlık sisteminden esinlenerek ancak bu sistemin tersi bir mantıkla oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Yarı başkanlık sisteminde, ikili yapıya sahip olan yürütme organının yalnızca bir bölümü (hükümet), görevine devam edebilmek bakımından yasama organının güvenine bağlıdır. Yarı parlamenter sistemde ise yasama organının iki bölüme sahip olması gerekmekte ve yürütme organının (hükümetin) görevine devam edebilmesi, yasama organının yalnızca bir bölümünün güvenine bağlı olmaktadır. Ganghof yarı parlamenter sistemi, yasama organının iki bölümlü olması üzerine kurmakta ve sistemin tanımlayıcı unsurlarını ortaya koyarak, ideal bir yarı parlamenter sistem tasarlamaktadır. Bu unsurlar incelendiğinde, yarı parlamenter sistemin ayrı bir hükümet sistemi modeli olmadığı, parlamenter sistem kapsamında ve parlamenter sistemin alt bir türü olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yarı parlamenter sistem, Steffen Ganghof, hükümet sistemleri, iki meclislilik, üst meclis.

CAN THE SEMI-PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM BE A SEPARATE MODEL OF GOVERNMENT SYSTEM?

Öz

In this paper, the semi-parliamentary system put forward by Steffen Ganghof is examined and an answer is sought to the question of whether the semi-parliamentary system is a separate model of government system. It is seen that Ganghof's semi-parliamentary system is inspired by the semi-presidential system, but with the opposite logic of this system. In the semi-presidential system, only a part of the executive (government), which has a dual structure, depends on the legislature's trust in order to continue its office. In the semi-parliamentary system, the legislature must have two parts and the executive (government) can continue to function, depending on the trust of only one part of the legislature. Ganghof bases the semi-parliamentary system on the two-part legislative body and designs an ideal semi-parliamentary system by revealing the defining elements of the system. When these elements are examined, it is concluded that the semi-parliamentary system is not a separate government system model, but should be considered within the extent of the parliamentary system and as a subtype of the parliamentary system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Semi-parliamentary system, Steffen Ganghof, government systems, bicameralism, upper house.

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