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Hall'un Kültür Boyutları: Bağlam, Zaman ve Proksemiklerin Uluslararası İş Müzakerelerine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 181 - 218, 18.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1547763

Öz

Bu makale, Stuart Hall'un kültür boyutlarını ve bunların uluslararası iş görüşmeleri üzerindeki etkilerini, bağlam, zaman ve proksemiklerin etkisine odaklanarak incelemektedir. Hall'un kültürel çerçevesi, yüksek bağlamlı ve düşük bağlamlı iletişimin yanı sıra zaman ve mekân algılarındaki farklılıkların önemini vurgulayarak, farklı kültürel ortamlardaki müzakere uygulamalarını analiz etmek için incelikli bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Çalışma, farklı kültürel bağlamlardaki uygulamaları karşılaştırarak bu boyutların müzakere stratejilerini, etkileşimlerini ve sonuçlarını nasıl etkilediğini incelemektedir. Hall'un teorik görüşlerini ampirik bulgularla bütünleştiren bu çalışma, kültürel bağlam yanında zamansal ve konumsal perspektiflerin müzakere davranış ve stratejilerini şekillendirmedeki temel rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Makale, müzakerecilerin yaklaşımlarını kültürel beklentilere daha iyi uyum sağlayacak şekilde uyarlamaları için pratik öneriler sunmakta, ayrıca kültürler arası müzakerelerin etkinliğinin artırılması ve başarılı uluslararası iş ilişkilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik önemli içgörüler sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adair, W., Brett, J., Lempereur, A., Okumura, T., Shikhirev, P., Tinsley, C., & Lytle, A. (2004). Culture and negotiation strategy. Negotiation journal, 20(1), 87-111.
  • Aycan, Z., Mendonca, M., & Kanungo, R.N. (2014). Organizations and management in cross cultural context. SAGE Publications, London.
  • Benetti, S., Ogliastri, E., & Caputo, A. (2021). Distributive/integrative negotiation strategies in cross-cultural contexts: A comparative study of the USA and Italy. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(4), 786-808.
  • Braslauskas, J. (2020). Effective creative intercultural communication in the context of business interaction: theoretical and practical aspects. Creativity studies, 13(1), 199-215.
  • Brett, J.M. (2000). Culture and negotiation. International journal of psychology, 35(2), 97-104.
  • Brett, J.M. (2007). Negotiating globally: How to negotiate deals, resolve disputes, and make decisions across cultural boundaries. 2nd ed., Chapter 2, pp. 25–52. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cai, D. A., Wilson, S. R., & Drake, L. E. (2000). Culture in the context of intercultural negotiation: Individualism-collectivism and paths to integrative agreements. Human Communication Research, 26(4), 591-617.
  • Chen, Y. (2023). The influence of different cultures on international business negotiations & Strategies. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management, 10, 161-166.
  • Chu, Y., Strong, W., Ma, J., & Greene, W. (2005). Silent messages in negotiations: The role of nonverbal communication in cross-cultural business negotiations. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 9, 113-129.
  • Clark, T. (1990). International marketing and national character: A review and proposal for an integrative theory. Journal of marketing, 54(4), 66-79.
  • Cohen, R. (1991). Negotiating across cultures: Communication obstacles in international diplomacy. (No Title).
  • Costin, A. F. (2015). Negotiating in cross-cultural contexts. In International Conference Knowledge-Based Organization (Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 185-191).
  • Drake, L.E. (1995). Negotiation styles in intercultural communication. International Journal of Conflict Management, 6(1), 72-90.
  • Graham, J., Mintu, A., & Rodgers, W. (1994). Explorations of negotiation behaviors in ten foreign cultures using a model developed in the United States. Management Science, 40(1): 72- 95.
  • Graham, J. L., & Mintu-Wimsat, A. (1997). Culture's influence on business negotiations in four countries. Group Decision and Negotiation, 6, 483-502.
  • Groves, K. S., Feyerherm, A., & Gu, M. (2015). Examining cultural intelligence and cross-cultural negotiation effectiveness. Journal of Management Education, 39(2), 209-243.
  • Gupta, M., & Sukamto, K. (2020). Cultural communicative styles: The case of India and Indonesia. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 8(2), 105-120.
  • Hall, E.T. (1966). The hidden dimension. New York: Anchor Books
  • Hall, E.T. (1973). The silent language. Anchor.
  • Hall, E.T. (1976). Beyond culture. Anchor.
  • Hall, E.T. (1983). The Dance of Life. Garden City.
  • Hall, S. (1997). Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. SAGE Publications.
  • Harris, P.R., & Moran, R.T. (1991). Managing Cultural Differences Photocopy. Gulf Publishing Company.
  • Herbig, P.A., & Kramer, H.E. (1992). Do's and don'ts of cross-cultural negotiations. Industrial Marketing Management, 21(4), 287-298.
  • Hofstede, G.H. (2001). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Sage publications.
  • Hofstede, G., & Usunier, J. C. (2003). Hofstede’s dimensions of culture and their influence on international business negotiations. International business negotiation, 60(3), 137-153.
  • Hurn, B. J. (2007). The influence of culture on international business negotiations. Industrial and commercial training, 39(7), 354-360.
  • Kim, D., Pan, Y., & Park, H.S. (1998). High-versus low-context culture: A comparison of Chinese, Korean and American cultures. Psychology & Marketing, 15(6), 507-521.
  • Liu, L. A., Chua, C. H., & Stahl, G. K. (2010). Quality of communication experience: Definition, measurement, and implications for intercultural negotiations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 469.
  • Lewicki, R.J., Saunders, D.M., & Barry, B. (2009). Negotiation: Readings, Exercises, and Cases. 6th Edition, Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
  • Lewicki, R.J., Saunders, D.M., & Barry, B. (2024). Negotiation. 9th Edition, Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
  • Lügger, K., Geiger, I., Neun, H., & Backhaus, K. (2015). When East meets West at the bargaining table: Adaptation, behavior and outcomes in intra-and intercultural German Chinese business negotiations. Journal of Business Economics, 85, 15-43.
  • Manrai, L.A., & Manrai, A.K. (2010). The influence of culture in international business negotiations: a new conceptual framework and managerial implications. Journal of Transnational Management, 15(1), 69-100.
  • Maude, B. (2017). Managing cross-cultural communication: Principles and practice. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Metcalf, L. E., Bird, A., Shankarmahesh, M., Aycan, Z., Larimo, J., & Valdelamar, D. D. (2006). Cultural tendencies in negotiation: A comparison of Finland, India, Mexico, Turkey, and the United States. Journal of World Business, 41(4), 382-394.
  • Nardon, L., & Steers, R.M. (2009). The culture theory jungle: Divergence and convergence in models of national culture. Cambridge handbook of culture, organizations, and work, 3- 22.
  • Peleckis, K. (2013). International business negotiations: culture, dimensions, context. International journal of business, humanities and technology, 3(7), 91-99.
  • Salacuse, J. W. (2003). The global negotiator: Making, managing and mending deals around the world in the twenty-first century. St. Martin's Press.
  • Steinel, W., & Harinck, F. (2020). Negotiation and bargaining. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology.
  • Usunier, J.C. (2003). The role of time in international business negotiations. International business negotiations, chapter 8, p. 171-203.
  • Usunier, J.C., & Roulin, N. (2010). The influence of high-and low-context communication styles on the design, content, and language of business-to-business web sites. The Journal of Business Communication (1973), 47(2), 189-227.
  • Zhang, Z. X., Liu, L. A., & Ma, L. (2021). Negotiation beliefs: comparing Americans and the Chinese. International Business Review, 30(5), 1.

Hall's Dimensions of Culture: The Influence of Context, Time, and Proxemics on International Business Negotiations

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 181 - 218, 18.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1547763

Öz

This article explores Stuart Hall’s dimensions of culture and their impacts on international business negotiations, focusing on the influence of context, time, and proxemics. Hall's cultural framework, which emphasizes the significance of high-context and low-context communication, as well as varying perceptions of time and spatial dimensions, provides a nuanced lens through which to analyze negotiation practices across different cultural settings. The study examines how these dimensions affect negotiation strategies, interactions, and outcomes by comparing practices in diverse cultural contexts. By integrating Hall's theoretical insights with empirical findings, the study highlights the essential role of cultural context as well as temporal and spatial perspectives in shaping negotiation behaviors and strategies. It also presents practical recommendations for negotiators to adapt their approaches to better align with cultural expectations and provides valuable insights for improving the effectiveness of cross-cultural negotiations and fostering successful international business relationships.

Kaynakça

  • Adair, W., Brett, J., Lempereur, A., Okumura, T., Shikhirev, P., Tinsley, C., & Lytle, A. (2004). Culture and negotiation strategy. Negotiation journal, 20(1), 87-111.
  • Aycan, Z., Mendonca, M., & Kanungo, R.N. (2014). Organizations and management in cross cultural context. SAGE Publications, London.
  • Benetti, S., Ogliastri, E., & Caputo, A. (2021). Distributive/integrative negotiation strategies in cross-cultural contexts: A comparative study of the USA and Italy. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(4), 786-808.
  • Braslauskas, J. (2020). Effective creative intercultural communication in the context of business interaction: theoretical and practical aspects. Creativity studies, 13(1), 199-215.
  • Brett, J.M. (2000). Culture and negotiation. International journal of psychology, 35(2), 97-104.
  • Brett, J.M. (2007). Negotiating globally: How to negotiate deals, resolve disputes, and make decisions across cultural boundaries. 2nd ed., Chapter 2, pp. 25–52. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cai, D. A., Wilson, S. R., & Drake, L. E. (2000). Culture in the context of intercultural negotiation: Individualism-collectivism and paths to integrative agreements. Human Communication Research, 26(4), 591-617.
  • Chen, Y. (2023). The influence of different cultures on international business negotiations & Strategies. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management, 10, 161-166.
  • Chu, Y., Strong, W., Ma, J., & Greene, W. (2005). Silent messages in negotiations: The role of nonverbal communication in cross-cultural business negotiations. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 9, 113-129.
  • Clark, T. (1990). International marketing and national character: A review and proposal for an integrative theory. Journal of marketing, 54(4), 66-79.
  • Cohen, R. (1991). Negotiating across cultures: Communication obstacles in international diplomacy. (No Title).
  • Costin, A. F. (2015). Negotiating in cross-cultural contexts. In International Conference Knowledge-Based Organization (Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 185-191).
  • Drake, L.E. (1995). Negotiation styles in intercultural communication. International Journal of Conflict Management, 6(1), 72-90.
  • Graham, J., Mintu, A., & Rodgers, W. (1994). Explorations of negotiation behaviors in ten foreign cultures using a model developed in the United States. Management Science, 40(1): 72- 95.
  • Graham, J. L., & Mintu-Wimsat, A. (1997). Culture's influence on business negotiations in four countries. Group Decision and Negotiation, 6, 483-502.
  • Groves, K. S., Feyerherm, A., & Gu, M. (2015). Examining cultural intelligence and cross-cultural negotiation effectiveness. Journal of Management Education, 39(2), 209-243.
  • Gupta, M., & Sukamto, K. (2020). Cultural communicative styles: The case of India and Indonesia. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 8(2), 105-120.
  • Hall, E.T. (1966). The hidden dimension. New York: Anchor Books
  • Hall, E.T. (1973). The silent language. Anchor.
  • Hall, E.T. (1976). Beyond culture. Anchor.
  • Hall, E.T. (1983). The Dance of Life. Garden City.
  • Hall, S. (1997). Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. SAGE Publications.
  • Harris, P.R., & Moran, R.T. (1991). Managing Cultural Differences Photocopy. Gulf Publishing Company.
  • Herbig, P.A., & Kramer, H.E. (1992). Do's and don'ts of cross-cultural negotiations. Industrial Marketing Management, 21(4), 287-298.
  • Hofstede, G.H. (2001). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Sage publications.
  • Hofstede, G., & Usunier, J. C. (2003). Hofstede’s dimensions of culture and their influence on international business negotiations. International business negotiation, 60(3), 137-153.
  • Hurn, B. J. (2007). The influence of culture on international business negotiations. Industrial and commercial training, 39(7), 354-360.
  • Kim, D., Pan, Y., & Park, H.S. (1998). High-versus low-context culture: A comparison of Chinese, Korean and American cultures. Psychology & Marketing, 15(6), 507-521.
  • Liu, L. A., Chua, C. H., & Stahl, G. K. (2010). Quality of communication experience: Definition, measurement, and implications for intercultural negotiations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 469.
  • Lewicki, R.J., Saunders, D.M., & Barry, B. (2009). Negotiation: Readings, Exercises, and Cases. 6th Edition, Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
  • Lewicki, R.J., Saunders, D.M., & Barry, B. (2024). Negotiation. 9th Edition, Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
  • Lügger, K., Geiger, I., Neun, H., & Backhaus, K. (2015). When East meets West at the bargaining table: Adaptation, behavior and outcomes in intra-and intercultural German Chinese business negotiations. Journal of Business Economics, 85, 15-43.
  • Manrai, L.A., & Manrai, A.K. (2010). The influence of culture in international business negotiations: a new conceptual framework and managerial implications. Journal of Transnational Management, 15(1), 69-100.
  • Maude, B. (2017). Managing cross-cultural communication: Principles and practice. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Metcalf, L. E., Bird, A., Shankarmahesh, M., Aycan, Z., Larimo, J., & Valdelamar, D. D. (2006). Cultural tendencies in negotiation: A comparison of Finland, India, Mexico, Turkey, and the United States. Journal of World Business, 41(4), 382-394.
  • Nardon, L., & Steers, R.M. (2009). The culture theory jungle: Divergence and convergence in models of national culture. Cambridge handbook of culture, organizations, and work, 3- 22.
  • Peleckis, K. (2013). International business negotiations: culture, dimensions, context. International journal of business, humanities and technology, 3(7), 91-99.
  • Salacuse, J. W. (2003). The global negotiator: Making, managing and mending deals around the world in the twenty-first century. St. Martin's Press.
  • Steinel, W., & Harinck, F. (2020). Negotiation and bargaining. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology.
  • Usunier, J.C. (2003). The role of time in international business negotiations. International business negotiations, chapter 8, p. 171-203.
  • Usunier, J.C., & Roulin, N. (2010). The influence of high-and low-context communication styles on the design, content, and language of business-to-business web sites. The Journal of Business Communication (1973), 47(2), 189-227.
  • Zhang, Z. X., Liu, L. A., & Ma, L. (2021). Negotiation beliefs: comparing Americans and the Chinese. International Business Review, 30(5), 1.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Strateji, Yönetim ve Örgütsel Davranış (Diğer)
Bölüm Ana Bölüm
Yazarlar

Nusret Soğancılar 0000-0002-9729-5372

Zeynep Dereli 0000-0002-3486-5630

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 6 Nisan 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 8 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Soğancılar, N., & Dereli, Z. (2025). Hall’s Dimensions of Culture: The Influence of Context, Time, and Proxemics on International Business Negotiations. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 181-218. https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1547763