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Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımlarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Seçili Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Örneği (1992-2015)

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 39 - 64, 25.04.2017

Öz

Bu çalışmada, gelişmekte olan seçili
yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinde (Brezilya, Çin, Hindistan, Endonezya, Meksika, Nijerya,
Rusya, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye), doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının
ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri 1992-2015 dönemi için yeni nesil panel veri
metodolojisi kapsamında ampirik olarak incelenmektedir. Bu yönüyle çalışmada,
seçili yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinde doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının
ekonomik büyüme üzerinde teorik çerçevede öngörüldüğü gibi bir etkiye sahip
olup olmadığının ekonometrik açıdan da incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma
sonucunda, inceleme döneminde Brezilya, Çin, Rusya, Hindistan, Endonezya ve
Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki
etkilerinin pozitif yönlü ve istatistiki açıdan anlamlı olduğu, Nijerya,
Meksika ve Güney Afrika’da ise doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ekonomik
büyüme üzerinde herhangi bir etkiye sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Teorik ve
ampirik literatürle uyumlu olduğu belirlenen bu sonuçlar, doğrudan yabancı
sermaye yatırımlarının sermaye ithalatçısı konumunda bulunan yükselen piyasa
ekonomilerinin ekonomik büyüme performansları üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinin
mutlak olmadığını ve bu etkilerin ülkelerdeki yatırım ortamının
niceliğindeki/niteliğindeki bir takım özelliklere göre değişme eğiliminde
olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, G. (2015). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in BRICS Economies: A Panel Data Analysis”, Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 4, 421-424.
  • Alfaro, L. ve Charrlton, A. (2007). “Growth and The Quality of Foreign Direct Investment: Is All FDI Equal?”, CEP Discussion Papers No: 830.
  • Al-Iriani, M. (2007). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in the GCC Countries: A Causality Investigation using Heterogeneous Panel Analysis”, Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 9(1), 1-31.
  • Asheghian, P. (2004). “Determinants of Economic Growth in the United States: The Role of Foreign Direct Investment”, The International Trade Journal, 18(1), 63-83.
  • Ayaydın, H. (2010). “Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(1), 133-145.
  • Balasubramanyam, V. N., Salisu, M. and Sapsford, D. (1996). “Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in EP and IS Countries”, The Economic Journal, 109(434), 92-105.
  • Basu, P., Chakraborty, C. and Reagle D. (2003). “Liberalization, FDI and Growth in Developing Countries: A Panel Coentegration Approach”, Economic Inquiry, 41(3), 510-516.
  • Bayraktar, F. (2003). Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Doǧrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları. Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası Genel Araştırmalar Müdürlüğü.
  • Bende-Nabende, Avrom and Ford, J. L. (1998). FDI, Policy Adjustment and Endogenous Growth: Multiplier Effects from a Small Dynamic Model for Taiwan, 1959-1995”. World Development, 26(7), 1315-1330.
  • Blomstorm, Magnus, Lipsey A. Robert and Zejan, M. (1992). “What Explains Developing Country Growth?”, NBER Working Paper, No: 4132.
  • Borensztein, E., Gregorio, J. and De, Lee J-W. (1998). “How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth?”, Journal of International Economics, 45, 115-135.
  • Bostan, A., Kelleci, S. Ü. ve Yılmaz, A. (2016). “Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Avrasya Ekonomileri Örneği”, Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 5(5), 23-36
  • Bosworth, B. and Collins, S. M. (1999). “Capital Inflows, Investment and Growth”, Tokyo Club Papers, 12, 35-74.
  • Breitung, J. (2005). “A Parametric Approach to The Estimation of Cointegration Vectors in Panel Data”, Econometric Reviews, 24(2), p.151-173.
  • Breuer, Janice B., Robert M. and Myles W. (2002). “Series‐Specific Unit Root Tests with Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 64(5), 527-546.
  • Campos, Nauro F. and Yuko K. (2002). “Foreign Direct Investment as Technology Transferred: Some Panel Evidence from the Transition Economics”, William Davidson Working Paper, No: 438, 1-33.
  • Carkovic, M. and R. Levine, (2002). “Does Foreign Direct Invesment Accelerate Growth?”, Financial Globazation: A Blessing or a Curse, World Bank Conference.
  • Choe, Jong. II. (2003). Do Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Investment Promote Economic Growth? Review of Development Economics, 7(1), 44-57.
  • Chowdhary, R. and Kushwaha, V. (2013). “Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in India Since Economic Reforms”, Journal of Transformative Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 74-82.
  • Chowdhury, A. and George M. (2005). “FDI & Growth: What Causes What?”, United Nation University, WIDER, Research Paper No: 2005/25, 1-10.
  • Aslanoğlu, E. (2002). “The Structure and the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey”, Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 17(1), 31-46
  • De Mello, L. (1999). “Foreign Direct Investment Led Growth: Evidence From Time Series and Panel Data”, Oxford Economic Papers No: 51.
  • Değer, M. K. ve Emsen, E. (2006). “Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkileri: Panel Veri Analizleri (1990-2002)”, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2):121-137.
  • Erçakar, M. E. ve Karagöl, E. T. (2011). “Türkiye’de Yabancı Yatırımlar”, SETA, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı.
  • Gerceker, M. (2015). “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: 1998-2014 Dönemi için Ampirik Bir Analiz”, Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 2(2).253-265.
  • Hadri, K., (2000). “Testing for Stationarity in Heterogeneous Panels”, Econometrics Journal, 3, 148-161.
  • Hadri, K and Kurozumi, E. (2012). “A Simple Panel Stationarity Test in the Presence of Serial Correlation and a Common Factor”, Economics Letters, 115, 31-34.
  • Hansen, H. and John, R. (2004). “On the Causal Links between FDI and Growth in Developing Countries”, Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen and Development Economics Research Group (DERG), Discussions Papers,1-26.
  • Herzer, D. S. K. and Lehmann, F. N. (2008). “In Search of FDI-Led Growth in Developing Countries: The way forward”, Economic Modelling, 25(5), 793-810.
  • Im, Kyung, So, Pesaran M. H., and Shin Y. (2003). “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2), 231-254.
  • Kao, C. (1999). “Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data”, Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 1-44.
  • Karimi, M. S., & Yusop, Z. (2009). “FDI and Economic Growth in Malaysia”, MPRA Paper No:14999.
  • Karluk, R. (2009). Uluslararası Ekonomi: Teori ve Uygulama, Beta Yayınları, 9. Baskı, İstanbul.
  • Khaliq, A. and Noy, I. (2007). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sectoral Data in Indonesia”, Working Paper, University of Hawaii.
  • Khawar, M. (2005). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economi Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis”, Global Economy Journal, 5(1), 1-11.
  • Konya, L. (2006). “Exports and Growth: Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries with A Panel Data Approach”. Economic Modelling, 23, 978-9.
  • Kumar N. and Pradhan, P. (2002). “Foreign Direct Investment, Externalities and Economic Growth in Developing Countries”. RIS Dıscussion Papers, 1, 1-37.
  • Lensink, R. and Morrissey, O. (2006). “Foreign Direct Investment: Flows, Volatility, and the Impact on Growth”, Review of International Economics, 14(3), 478-493.
  • Levin, Andrew, Lin, Chien-F. and Chu, Chia-Shang J. (2002)Ç “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108 (1), 1-24.
  • Li, X. and Liu, X. (2004). `Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: An Increasingly Endogenous Relationship`, World Development, 33(3), 393-407.
  • Mark, Nelson. C., Ogaki, M. and Sul, D. (2005). “Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Cointegrating Regressions”, Review of Economic Studies, 72, 797-820.
  • Mucuk, M., ve Demirsel, M. T. (2009). “Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve Ekonomik Performans”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (21), 365-373.
  • Mun, H. W., Lin, T. K. and Man, Y. K. (2008). “FDI and Economic Growth Relationship: An Empirical Study on Malaysia”, International Business Research, 1, 11-18.
  • Obwona, M. B. (2001). “Determinants of FDI and their Impact on Economic Growth in Uganda”, African Development Review, 13(1), 46-81.
  • Pedroni, Peter, (1999). “Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(1), 653-670.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross‐Section Dependence, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H. and Yamagata, T. (2008). “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem., Ullah, A. and Yamagata, T. (2008). “A Bias‐Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross‐Section Independence”, The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127
  • Pradhan, R. P. (2009). “The FDI-led- Growth Hypothesis in ASEAN-5 Countries: Evidence from Cointegrated Panel Analysis”, International Journal of Business and Management, 4(12), 153-164.
  • Roy, A. G. and Von den Berg, H. F. (2006). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: A Time-Series Approach”, Global Economy Journal, 6,1-19.
  • Sarkar, P. (2007). “Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth? Panel Data and Time Series Evidence From Less Developing Counries, 1970-2002”, MPRA Paper No: 5176.
  • Shan, J., Tian, Garry G. and Sun, F. (1997). “The FDI-led Growth Hypothesis: Further Econometric Evidence from China”, Economics Division Working Papers (China Economy), No: 97/2.
  • Sridharan, P., Vıjayakumar, N., and Rao, C. S. K. (2009). “Causal Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: Evidence from BRICS Countries”, International Business Research, 2(4), 198-203.
  • Tang, S., Selvanathan, E. A. and Selvanathan, S. (2008). “Foreign direct investment, domestic investment and economic growth in China: A time series analysis”, The World Economy, 31(10), 1292-1309.
  • Tarı, R. (2010). Ekonometri, Umuttepe Yayınları, 6. Baskı, Kocaeli.
  • Tatoğlu, Ferda Y. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi-Stata Uygulamalı, Beta Basım Yayım, 2. Baskı, İstanbul.
  • Westerlund, J. (2008). “Panel Cointegration Tests of the Fisher Effect”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23(2), 193-233.
  • Westerlund, J. and Edgerton, David. L. (2007). “A Panel Bootstrap Cointegration Test”, Economics Letters, 97(3), 185-190.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaya, V. ve Akıncı, M. (2011). Türkiye'de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi (1980-2008). Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25 (3-4), 13-30.
  • Yükseler, Z. (2006). Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve İş/Yatırım Ortamı İlişkisi, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası.
  • Zekarias, S. M. (2016). “The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Economic Growth in Eastern Africa: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis”, Applied Economics and Finance, 3(1), 145-160.
Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 39 - 64, 25.04.2017

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, G. (2015). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in BRICS Economies: A Panel Data Analysis”, Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 4, 421-424.
  • Alfaro, L. ve Charrlton, A. (2007). “Growth and The Quality of Foreign Direct Investment: Is All FDI Equal?”, CEP Discussion Papers No: 830.
  • Al-Iriani, M. (2007). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in the GCC Countries: A Causality Investigation using Heterogeneous Panel Analysis”, Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 9(1), 1-31.
  • Asheghian, P. (2004). “Determinants of Economic Growth in the United States: The Role of Foreign Direct Investment”, The International Trade Journal, 18(1), 63-83.
  • Ayaydın, H. (2010). “Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(1), 133-145.
  • Balasubramanyam, V. N., Salisu, M. and Sapsford, D. (1996). “Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in EP and IS Countries”, The Economic Journal, 109(434), 92-105.
  • Basu, P., Chakraborty, C. and Reagle D. (2003). “Liberalization, FDI and Growth in Developing Countries: A Panel Coentegration Approach”, Economic Inquiry, 41(3), 510-516.
  • Bayraktar, F. (2003). Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Doǧrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları. Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası Genel Araştırmalar Müdürlüğü.
  • Bende-Nabende, Avrom and Ford, J. L. (1998). FDI, Policy Adjustment and Endogenous Growth: Multiplier Effects from a Small Dynamic Model for Taiwan, 1959-1995”. World Development, 26(7), 1315-1330.
  • Blomstorm, Magnus, Lipsey A. Robert and Zejan, M. (1992). “What Explains Developing Country Growth?”, NBER Working Paper, No: 4132.
  • Borensztein, E., Gregorio, J. and De, Lee J-W. (1998). “How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth?”, Journal of International Economics, 45, 115-135.
  • Bostan, A., Kelleci, S. Ü. ve Yılmaz, A. (2016). “Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Avrasya Ekonomileri Örneği”, Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 5(5), 23-36
  • Bosworth, B. and Collins, S. M. (1999). “Capital Inflows, Investment and Growth”, Tokyo Club Papers, 12, 35-74.
  • Breitung, J. (2005). “A Parametric Approach to The Estimation of Cointegration Vectors in Panel Data”, Econometric Reviews, 24(2), p.151-173.
  • Breuer, Janice B., Robert M. and Myles W. (2002). “Series‐Specific Unit Root Tests with Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 64(5), 527-546.
  • Campos, Nauro F. and Yuko K. (2002). “Foreign Direct Investment as Technology Transferred: Some Panel Evidence from the Transition Economics”, William Davidson Working Paper, No: 438, 1-33.
  • Carkovic, M. and R. Levine, (2002). “Does Foreign Direct Invesment Accelerate Growth?”, Financial Globazation: A Blessing or a Curse, World Bank Conference.
  • Choe, Jong. II. (2003). Do Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Investment Promote Economic Growth? Review of Development Economics, 7(1), 44-57.
  • Chowdhary, R. and Kushwaha, V. (2013). “Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in India Since Economic Reforms”, Journal of Transformative Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 74-82.
  • Chowdhury, A. and George M. (2005). “FDI & Growth: What Causes What?”, United Nation University, WIDER, Research Paper No: 2005/25, 1-10.
  • Aslanoğlu, E. (2002). “The Structure and the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey”, Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 17(1), 31-46
  • De Mello, L. (1999). “Foreign Direct Investment Led Growth: Evidence From Time Series and Panel Data”, Oxford Economic Papers No: 51.
  • Değer, M. K. ve Emsen, E. (2006). “Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkileri: Panel Veri Analizleri (1990-2002)”, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2):121-137.
  • Erçakar, M. E. ve Karagöl, E. T. (2011). “Türkiye’de Yabancı Yatırımlar”, SETA, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı.
  • Gerceker, M. (2015). “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: 1998-2014 Dönemi için Ampirik Bir Analiz”, Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 2(2).253-265.
  • Hadri, K., (2000). “Testing for Stationarity in Heterogeneous Panels”, Econometrics Journal, 3, 148-161.
  • Hadri, K and Kurozumi, E. (2012). “A Simple Panel Stationarity Test in the Presence of Serial Correlation and a Common Factor”, Economics Letters, 115, 31-34.
  • Hansen, H. and John, R. (2004). “On the Causal Links between FDI and Growth in Developing Countries”, Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen and Development Economics Research Group (DERG), Discussions Papers,1-26.
  • Herzer, D. S. K. and Lehmann, F. N. (2008). “In Search of FDI-Led Growth in Developing Countries: The way forward”, Economic Modelling, 25(5), 793-810.
  • Im, Kyung, So, Pesaran M. H., and Shin Y. (2003). “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
  • Johansen, S. (1988). “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2), 231-254.
  • Kao, C. (1999). “Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data”, Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 1-44.
  • Karimi, M. S., & Yusop, Z. (2009). “FDI and Economic Growth in Malaysia”, MPRA Paper No:14999.
  • Karluk, R. (2009). Uluslararası Ekonomi: Teori ve Uygulama, Beta Yayınları, 9. Baskı, İstanbul.
  • Khaliq, A. and Noy, I. (2007). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sectoral Data in Indonesia”, Working Paper, University of Hawaii.
  • Khawar, M. (2005). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economi Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis”, Global Economy Journal, 5(1), 1-11.
  • Konya, L. (2006). “Exports and Growth: Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries with A Panel Data Approach”. Economic Modelling, 23, 978-9.
  • Kumar N. and Pradhan, P. (2002). “Foreign Direct Investment, Externalities and Economic Growth in Developing Countries”. RIS Dıscussion Papers, 1, 1-37.
  • Lensink, R. and Morrissey, O. (2006). “Foreign Direct Investment: Flows, Volatility, and the Impact on Growth”, Review of International Economics, 14(3), 478-493.
  • Levin, Andrew, Lin, Chien-F. and Chu, Chia-Shang J. (2002)Ç “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108 (1), 1-24.
  • Li, X. and Liu, X. (2004). `Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: An Increasingly Endogenous Relationship`, World Development, 33(3), 393-407.
  • Mark, Nelson. C., Ogaki, M. and Sul, D. (2005). “Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Cointegrating Regressions”, Review of Economic Studies, 72, 797-820.
  • Mucuk, M., ve Demirsel, M. T. (2009). “Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve Ekonomik Performans”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (21), 365-373.
  • Mun, H. W., Lin, T. K. and Man, Y. K. (2008). “FDI and Economic Growth Relationship: An Empirical Study on Malaysia”, International Business Research, 1, 11-18.
  • Obwona, M. B. (2001). “Determinants of FDI and their Impact on Economic Growth in Uganda”, African Development Review, 13(1), 46-81.
  • Pedroni, Peter, (1999). “Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(1), 653-670.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross‐Section Dependence, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H. and Yamagata, T. (2008). “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem., Ullah, A. and Yamagata, T. (2008). “A Bias‐Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross‐Section Independence”, The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127
  • Pradhan, R. P. (2009). “The FDI-led- Growth Hypothesis in ASEAN-5 Countries: Evidence from Cointegrated Panel Analysis”, International Journal of Business and Management, 4(12), 153-164.
  • Roy, A. G. and Von den Berg, H. F. (2006). “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: A Time-Series Approach”, Global Economy Journal, 6,1-19.
  • Sarkar, P. (2007). “Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth? Panel Data and Time Series Evidence From Less Developing Counries, 1970-2002”, MPRA Paper No: 5176.
  • Shan, J., Tian, Garry G. and Sun, F. (1997). “The FDI-led Growth Hypothesis: Further Econometric Evidence from China”, Economics Division Working Papers (China Economy), No: 97/2.
  • Sridharan, P., Vıjayakumar, N., and Rao, C. S. K. (2009). “Causal Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: Evidence from BRICS Countries”, International Business Research, 2(4), 198-203.
  • Tang, S., Selvanathan, E. A. and Selvanathan, S. (2008). “Foreign direct investment, domestic investment and economic growth in China: A time series analysis”, The World Economy, 31(10), 1292-1309.
  • Tarı, R. (2010). Ekonometri, Umuttepe Yayınları, 6. Baskı, Kocaeli.
  • Tatoğlu, Ferda Y. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi-Stata Uygulamalı, Beta Basım Yayım, 2. Baskı, İstanbul.
  • Westerlund, J. (2008). “Panel Cointegration Tests of the Fisher Effect”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23(2), 193-233.
  • Westerlund, J. and Edgerton, David. L. (2007). “A Panel Bootstrap Cointegration Test”, Economics Letters, 97(3), 185-190.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaya, V. ve Akıncı, M. (2011). Türkiye'de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi (1980-2008). Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25 (3-4), 13-30.
  • Yükseler, Z. (2006). Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve İş/Yatırım Ortamı İlişkisi, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası.
  • Zekarias, S. M. (2016). “The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Economic Growth in Eastern Africa: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis”, Applied Economics and Finance, 3(1), 145-160.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm MAKALELER
Yazarlar

Ömer Yalçınkaya

Halil İbrahim Aydın

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Nisan 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Şubat 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yalçınkaya, Ö., & Aydın, H. İ. (2017). Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımlarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Seçili Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Örneği (1992-2015). Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 39-64.