SELECTION OF SUITABLE TURBINES AND POWER CALCULATIONS FOR HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS (HES) THAT CAN BE ESTABLISHED IN THE STREAMS LOCATED IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 17 - 32, 30.04.2024

Nisa Nur Atak , Battal Doğan

Öz

In this study, the hydroelectric energy potential of certain streams in the Black Sea Region
was investigated. Based on the geographical characteristics of the region and hydrographic
data of the streams, specific velocity and turbine speed were calculated for a total of 16
streams selected from Trabzon, Artvin, Giresun and Rize provinces. In addition, the installed
capacity of the hydroelectric power plants planned to be built on these streams was also
determined. Kızılev stream in Bulancak district of Giresun has a net fall of 105 m, while
Tokmadin stream has a fall of 245 m. The specific velocity values of the streams are 227.77
rpm and 59.87 rpm, respectively. Kokasor and Askaroz streams in the center of Rize have the
same net fall of 105 meters. Their flow rates are 4.03 m 3 /s and 6.26 m 3 /s respectively. The
power of the hydroelectric power plant planned to be built on Kokasor stream is 3707.26 kW,
while the power of Askaroz stream is 5758.67 kW. These data show that the hydroelectric
power plant planned to be built on the stream can reach the maximum installed power if the
fluid flow rate and net head are high.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hydroelectric power plant, Black Sea Region, flow rate, net head, turbine power, installed capacity

KARADENİZ BÖLGESİNDE YER ALAN DERELERDE KURULABİLECEK HİDROELEKTRİK SANTRALLERE (HES) UYGUN TÜRBİN SEÇİMİ VE GÜÇ HESAPLARI

Öz

Çalışmada, Karadeniz Bölgesindeki belirli derelerin hidroelektrik enerji potansiyeli
incelenmiştir. Bölgenin coğrafi özellikleri ve derelerin hidrografi verileri temel alınarak
Trabzon, Artvin, Giresun ve Rize illerinden seçilen toplam 16 dere için özgül hız ve türbin
devir sayısı hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, bu dereler üzerine kurulması planlanan hidroelektrik
santrallerin kurulu güçleri de belirlenmiştir. Giresun’un Bulancak ilçesinde yer alan Kızılev
deresi 105 m net düşüye sahipken Tokmadin deresi 245 m düşüye sahiptir. Derelere ait özgül
hız değerleri sırasıyla 227.77 d/d ve 59.87 d/d’dır. Rize’nin merkezinde yer alan Kokasor ve
Askaroz derelerinin net düşüşleri aynı olup 105 metredir. Debileri ise sırasıyla 4.03 m 3 /s ve
6.26 m 3 /s’dir. Kokasor deresinde kurulması planlanan hidroelektrik santralin gücü 3707.26
kW iken Askaroz deresinin gücü 5758.67 kW’tır. Bu veriler, dere üzerinde kurulması
planlanan hidroelektrik santralin, akışkan debisi ve net düşü değerinin yüksek olması
durumunda maksimum kurulu güce ulaşılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hidroelektrik santral, Karadeniz Bölgesi, debi, net düşü, türbin gücü, kurulu güç

Kaynakça

• [1] Sachdev HS, Akella AK, Kumar N. Analysis and evaluation of small hydropower plants: A bibliographical survey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2015;51:1013–22.
• [2] Sayed ET, Olabi AG, Alami AH, Radwan A, Mdallal A, Rezk A, et al. Renewable energy and energy storage systems. Energies 2023;16:1415.
• [3] Erdogan S, Pata UK, Solarin SA. Towards carbon-neutral world: The effect of renewable energy investments and technologies in G7 countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2023;186:113683.
• [4] Dinçer H, Yüksel S, Çağlayan Ç, Yavuz D, Kararoğlu D. Can renewable energy investments be a solution to the energy-sourced high inflation problem? Managing inflation and supply chain disruptions in the global economy, IGI Global; 2023, p. 220–38.
• [5] Zheng J, Du J, Wang B, Klemeš JJ, Liao Q, Liang Y. A hybrid framework for forecasting power generation of multiple renewable energy sources. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2023;172:113046.
• [6] Yaman M, Haşıl F. Türkiye’deki Hidroelektrik Santrali (HES) Uygulamalarına Çevre Açısından Bakış. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi 2018;3:145–56.
• [7] Wijesinghe A, Lai LL. Small hydro power plant analysis and development. 2011 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT), IEEE; 2011, p. 25–30.
• [8] Martinez-Monseco FJ. Analysis of maintenance optimization in a hydroelectric power plant. Journal of Applied Research in Technology & Engineering 2020;1:23–9.
• [9] Bezerra UH, Ohana I, Vieira JPA. Data-mining experiments on a hydroelectric power plant. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2012;6:395–403. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0594.
• [10] Jamil R, Jamil I, Jinquan Z, Li M, Qirong J, Jamil R. Development trend of Chinese hydroelectric generation technology of hydro power plant (HPP). International Journal of Engineering Works 2014;1:1–5.
• [11] Zaripov OO, Nimatov SJ, Tovboev AN, Eralieva YM, Zaripova SO, Zakirov MA, et al. Calculation of the nominal power and electrical energy of the hydro power plant on an electronic calculator. E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 486, EDP Sciences; 2024, p. 01027.
• [12] Mohibullah M, Radzi AM, Hakim MIA. Basic design aspects of micro hydro power plant and its potential development in Malaysia. PECon 2004. Proceedings. National Power and Energy Conference, 2004., IEEE; 2004, p. 220–3.
• [13] Atlason RS, Unnthorsson R. Energy return on investment of hydroelectric power generation calculated using a standardised methodology. Renewable Energy 2014;66:364–70.
• [14] Paish O. Small hydro power: technology and current status. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2002;6:537–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(02)00006-0.
• [15] Sözen A, Alp İ, Kilinc C. Efficiency assessment of the hydro-power plants in Turkey by using data envelopment analysis. Renewable Energy 2012;46:192–202.
• [16] Bidini G, Grimaldi CN, Postrioti L. Thermodynamic analysis of hydraulic air compressor-gas turbine power plants. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 1997;211:429–37. https://doi.org/10.1243/0957650971537321.
• [17] Blanquiceth J, Cardemil JM, Henríquez M, Escobar R. Thermodynamic evaluation of a pumped thermal electricity storage system integrated with large-scale thermal power plants. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2023;175:113134.
• [18] Yilmaz F. Development and modeling of the geothermal energy based multigeneration plant for beneficial outputs: Thermo-economic and environmental analysis approach. Renewable Energy 2022;189:1074–85.
• [19] Ibrahim TK, Mohammed MN. Thermodynamic evaluation of the performance of a combined cycle power plant. International Journal of Energy Science and Engineering 2015;1.
• [20] Thapa SK, Poudel L. Performance Evaluation of Francis Turbine using thermodynamics analysis: A Case Study of Kali Gandaki A Hydropower Plant-144 MW. Proceedings of IOE Graduate Conference, 2017.
• [21] de Souza ACC. Assessment and statistics of Brazilian hydroelectric power plants: Dam areas versus installed and firm power. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2008;12:1843–63.
• [22] Öztürk, H. H. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları, Birsen Yayınevi; 2013, p. 253.
• [23] Elektrik - T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı n.d. https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgi-merkezi-enerji-elektrik (accessed January 2, 2024).
• [24] Serencam U. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki küçük akarsuların hidroelektrik potansiyellerinin analizi. PhD Thesis. Sakarya Universitesi (Turkey), 2007.
• [25] Raporlar n.d. https://www.euas.gov.tr/raporlar (accessed March 10, 2024).
• [26] Liu Y, Ye L, Benoit I, Liu X, Cheng Y, Morel G, et al. Economic performance evaluation method for hydroelectric generating units. Energy Conversion and Management 2003;44:797–808.
• [27] Bilen EN, TAŞKESEN E, ALAHMAD H. Hidroelektrik Santrallerde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği n.d.
• [28] Özbay E, Gençoğlu MT. Hidroelektrik santrallerin modellenmesi. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu, Diyarbakır 2009;108:115.
• [29] Veli S, FIRAT SS. Hidroelektrik Santraller ve Rize İlinde Bulunan Hidroelektrik Santrallerin Şehir ve Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İçin Önemi. Türk Hidrolik Dergisi 2020;4:8–23.
• [30] Öztaşkın FB. Artvi̇n İli̇ndeki̇ Farkli Dereleri̇n Hi̇droelektri̇k Enerji̇ Potansi̇yeli̇ni̇n ve Yapilabi̇li̇rli̇ği̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇. PhD Thesis. Sakarya Universitesi (Turkey), 2018.
• [31] KÖSE OÖ, Nevzat O. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Makina Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Mm 598 Seminer Dersi n.d.
• [32] Pancar, Y., Ergür, S. Hidrolik Makinalar ve Uygulamaları. 2007.
• [33] Çallı, İ. Uygulamalı Hidrolik Makineleri,. Seçkin Yayıncılık.; 2011.
• [34] ADATEPE H, Volkan Ö. Hidroelektrik Santrallerde Türbin Seçimi ve Francis Türbin Tasarım Parametreleri. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 2019;9:349–58.
• [35] Başeşme H. Hidroelektrik santrallar ve hidroelektrik santral tesisleri. EÜAŞ Genel Müdürlüğü Hidrolik Santraller Dairesi Başkanlığı; 2003.
• [36] AYLI E, ULUCAK O. Yapay Sinir Ağları Ve Uyarlamalı Sinirsel Bulanık Çıkarım Sistemi İle Francis Tipi Türbinler İçin Verim Tahminlemesi. Journal of Thermal Science & Technology/Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi 2020;40.
• [37] Altun HS. Mevcut rezervuarların pompaj depolamalı hidroelektrik santrale dönüştürülmesi üzerine bir çalışma. Master’s Thesis. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2023.
• [38] Yazıcı, H. F. Hidrolik Makinaları Problemleri. 2. Baskı. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi,: İTÜ Yayını; 1983.