أين الأحاديث النبوية الفقهية؟ دراسة في مصنف ابن أبي شيبة

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 100 - 123, 30.06.2023

Scott C. Lucas Çevirmen: Mohamad Anas Sarmını

Öz

يزودنا مصنف ابن أبي شيبة بمدخل في غاية الأهمية إلى التراث الفقهي لأهل الحديث في العراق في القرن الثاني/الثامن وأوائل القرن الثالث/التاسع. تقوم هذه الدراسة على تحليل كمي لـ 3628 رواية واردة في المصنف في كتاب الزكاة والطلاق والحدود. وتُظهر هذه الروايات أن النبي محمد [صلى الله عليه وسلم] كان يمثل سلطة تشريعية مهمة في المصنّف، إلا أنَّ الأحاديث المرفوعة إليه لم نجدها تشكل في المصنف أكثر من 8.7٪ من الروايات التي تمت دراستها، وهذا يدل على أنَّ أهل الحديث قد اعتمدوا أيضا على الآراء الفقهية الصادرة عن الصحابة والتابعين الذين وصفهم جوزيف شاخت بأنهم المصدر التشريعي الأهم لأهل الرأي. وتوضح الدراسة أيضا بأن هناك انقساما داخل مدرسة أهل الحديث يتجه إلى اتجاهين، الأول: وأصحابه -في مقدمتهم ابن أبي شيبة- يرفضون رفضا قاطعا جميع الآراء الفقهية للفقهاء المتأخرين الذين جاؤوا بعد التابعين، والثاني: هم الذين يقبلون تلك الآراء.

Anahtar Kelimeler

الحديث, النبي محمد, الصحابة, التابعون, الطلاق, الزكاة, الحدود

Where are the Legal Ḥadīth? A Study of the Muṣannaf of Ibn Abī Shayba

Öz

Muṣannaf of Ibn Abī Shayba provides unparalleled access into the legal thought of the “Companions of ḥadīth” in 2nd/8th and early 3rd/9th century Iraq. his article consists of a quantitative analysis of 3628 narrations found in the Muṣannaf in the books on zakāt, divorce, and ḥadd crimes. It demonstrates that the Prophet Muḥammad was an important authority in the Muṣannaf, but that he appears in only 8.7% of the narrations examined. Furthermore, it shows that the “Companions of ḥadīth” relied upon the legal opinions of many of the same Companions and Successors whom Joseph Schacht identified as the primary authorities for the “Companions of raʾy”. It also identifies a division within the “Companions of ḥadīth” between those who, like Ibn Abī Shayba, categorically reject the opinions of post-Successor jurists, and others who accept them.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ḥadīth, Prophet Muḥammad, Companions, Successors, divorce, zakāt, ḥudūd

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