Kimlik, Güç ve Dış Politika: 1912-13 Yıllarında Rusya’nın Balkan Politikası Üzerine Bir Analiz

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 245 - 276, 23.07.2014

Hakkı Büyükbaş

Öz

Devletlerin uyguladıkları dış politikaların “kimlik” yaklaşımı çerçevesinde incelenmesi son yıllarda oldukça yaygınlaşmıştır. Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininde egemen bir teorik model olarak ‘Yapısal Realizm’in dış politika analizlerini tıkayan/kısırlaştıran bir yönünün olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu teorinin aksine, “İnşacılık Ekolü” bağlamında “ulusal kimlik” esaslı dış politika analizlerinin yapılması daha verimli sonuçlar ortaya çıkarabilmektedir. Bu nedenle “kimlik” eksenli dış politika analizleri kısa sürede Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini tarafından benimsenmiş ve bu alandaki uzmanlar arasında bir analiz modeli olarak kısa sürede geniş bir kabul gömüştür. Bu çalışmada, ulusal / devlet kimliğinin dış politika çıktılarını etkilediği tezi bağlamında, şimdiye kadar ihmal edilen 1912-13 yıllarında Balkan gelişmeleri çerçevesinde Rusya’nın izlemiş olduğu Balkan politikasını analiz etmek amacıyla söz konusu modelden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada bu modelin dış politika analizini zenginleştirici, daha da açıklayıcı, teorik ve kavramsal bir çerçeve sunduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kimlik, Rusya, Dış Politika, Balkan Savaşları (1912

Identity, Power and Foreign Policy: An Analysis on Russian Balkan Policy from 1912 to 1913

Öz

Examining foreign policies of states from an angle of identity has recently become a widely shared approach. Structural realism, the dominant theoretical model in international relations, is thought to have an aspect of blocking/impoverishing analyses of foreign policies. For this reason, now it is widely shared that analyses of foreign policies within the base of national identities in the context of constructivism school are more fruitful. Therefore, the approach of analyzing foreign policies on the base of identity was quickly taken up seriously by the discipline of international relations and was widely adopted by experts of this discipline as an analytical model. Based on the thesis that nation/state identity influences foreign policy outcomes, this paper tries to apply this model to account for the Balkan policies of Russia that she followed during the period of 1912-13 as reaction to political developments in the Balkans, a subject matter that has been ignored so far. The paper tries to show that this analytical model is enriching foreign policy analysis and that it offers a better explanatory set of theoretical and conceptual framework.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Identity, Russia, Foreign Policy, Balkan Wars (1912-13).

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