İSPANYA’DA BÖLGELİ DEVLETİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ, YASAL DÜZENİ VE SİYASAL YAPILANIŞI

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 345 - 402, 30.04.2019

Emrah Konuralp

https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.474531

Cited By: 4

Öz

Bu makalede İspanya’ya özgü ulusaltı bütünleşme anlamında bir bölgeselleşme modeli olan özerk topluluklar sisteminin tarihsel arkaplanı, yasal çerçevesi ve siyasal bağlamı analiz edilmektedir. Bask milliyetçiliğine özel önem verilerek ele alınan bölgecilik, son dönemde Katalonya’da cereyan eden bağımsızlıkçı harekete gönderme yapılarak tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca Avrupa Birliği’nin çeşitli belgelerde öne sürdüğü bölgesel özerk yönetimlerin İspanya’daki bölgesel demokrasinin gelişimine katkı yaptığı belirtilmektedir. İspanya’daki bölgeselleşme, 2017 yılında İspanya’nın Katalonya bölgesinde ortaya çıkan bağımsızlık referandumu tartışması nedeniyle güncelliğini koruduğu için önemlidir. Üniter devlet düzeyi içinde bölgeli devlet modelinin tarihsel milliyetler/bölgeler açısından (Bask Ülkesi’nde daha zayıf olmakla birlikte) İspanya ile bütünleşmeyi pekiştirdiği ve ayrılıkçılık hareketlerinin etkisini kırabildiği; ancak son dönemde yükselişe geçen Katalan milliyetçiliğinin bu bütünleşmeyi tartışmalı hale getirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bölgeli Devlet, Özerk Topluluklar, İspanya, Bask Ülkesi, Katalonya

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, LEGAL ORDER AND POLITICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE REGIONALISED STATE IN SPAIN

Öz

In this article, Spain’s system of autonomous communities as a model of regionalisation in terms of subnational integration is analysed regarding its historical background, legal framework, and political context. Regionalism is examined with special emphasis on Bask nationalism and is also discussed with reference to the recent independence movement taking place in Catalonia. The contribution of the European Union’s encouragement of regional self-government to the development of regional democracy in Spain is stated in the mentioned as well. Regionalisation in Spain is important as the discussion on 2017 independence referendum in Catalonia continues to be relevant. Being within unitary state level the regionalised state model strengthened the integration of the historical nationalities/regions with Spain and soothed the influence of the separatist movements; however, with the recent rally of Catalan nationalism this model became a controversial topic. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Regionalised State, Autonomous Communities, Spain, Bask Country, Catalonia

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