In The Light Of The Rezan Has Museum Examples From Late Roman And Byzantine Period

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 - 21. Uluslararası Ortaçağ ve Türk Dönemi Kazıları ve Sanat Tarihi Araştımaları Sempozyumu Bildirileri, 399 - 424, 01.10.2019

Gülgün Köroğlu

Öz

In the longest period of human history from the earliest times to the day, they have
used special meanings to objects from different materials called charms for various purposes
and applications such as magic based on very old worship and religious beliefs which cannot
be explained logically or with science. The Byzantines believed that illness, infertility, famine,
earthquake and similar negativities were caused by devil and other evil spirits and jealousy. In
order to protect themselves, their relatives, their animals and their place and their property,
the crosses in various forms are processed as pendulums, relics, and on the doors and walls as
depictions to increase abundance. Complex creatures with astronomical figures such as nodes,
eyes, hands, stars, moon and sun are also seen in protective mosaics, weaves, wall paintings, and
floor mosaics.
Objects which are believed to bring good luck and which are kept in special covers of
the inscriptions, and objects named with many other names, which are kept in special covers of
the inscriptions, in the Byzantine culture, Numerous varieties are striking. It is also believed to be
particularly effective when they are carried on the person himself, and it is also seen as providing
ease of use. For this reason many of the talismans are produced as jewelry.
Magical objects made with bad intentions were found in dark and desolate places
such as wells, cisterns, fountains and graves. Within the scope of this declaration, objects used
as jewelry, such as medallion pendulum, rings and bracelets made of materials such as bronze,
lead and semi-precious stones, acquired by the purchase method of Rezan Has Museum, a private museum in Istanbul, will be examined. The patterns and figures on them will be examined, their origins will be investigated and the texts will be read. Comparisons will be made to date.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Amulet, charm, jewelry, the evil eye, bad spirit

Rezan Has Müzesindeki Örnekleri Işığında Geç Roma-Bizans Döneminde Tılsımlar

Öz

İnsanlık tarihinin en erken dönemlerinden günümüze farklı amaçlar için, akıl ve bilimle
açıklanamayan bir inanç ve mantık çerçevesinde farklı materyallerden yapılmış tılsımlar
kullanılmıştır. Farklı din ve eski inançların etkisi görülür. Bizanslılar hastalıklara, kısırlığa, kıtlığa,
depreme ve benzer olumsuzluklara şeytan, diğer kötü ruhlar ve kıskançlığın neden olduğuna
inanmışlardır. Her türlü kötü etkiden korunmak için de duvar ve kapılara çeşitli biçimlerde haç
tasvirleri çizilmiş, boyunlarına röliker ve sarkaç haçlar takmışlardır. Karışık yaratıklar, astrolojik
figürler, düğüm, göz, el, yıldız, ay ve benzeri figürler koruyucu olarak dokuma, duvar ve döşeme
mozaikleri, duvar resimleri üzerine çizilmiştir. Tılsımların kişilerin üzerinde olduğunda etkisinin
arttığına inanılmıştır. Bu sebeple de takı olarak kullanımı taşıma kolaylığı da sağlamıştır.
Kötü niyetle yapılmış büyüler için karanlık, kuytu yerler özellikle de kuyu, sarnıç, çeşme
ve mezarlıklar tercih edilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında İstanbul’daki özel bir müze olan Rezan
Has Müzesi’nde bulunan satın alma yoluyla müzeye kazandırılmış bakır alaşımı, kurşun ve
yarı değerli taştan yapılmış madalyon, yüzük ve bilezik gibi tılsım olarak da kullanılmış takılar
tanıtılacaktır. Örnekler üzerindeki figürler tanımlanacak, yazılar okunacak ve kökeni araştırılacak
ve karşılaştırmalar yapılarak tarihlendirme yapılacaktır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tılsım, muska, kuyumculuk, nazar, kötü ruh

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