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BİLİŞSEL SİNİRBİLİM ESTETİK DENEYİM HAKKINDA NE SÖYLÜYOR?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 34, 155 - 174, 30.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.48069/akdenizsanat.1390910

Öz

Günümüzde insan beyninde estetik görüntülere verilen nöral tepkilerin gözlemlenebilmesi ile izleyicilerin sanat nesnesi karşısında verdiği fizyolojik tepkiler incelenebilmektedir. Nöroestetik, bu tepkilerin incelenerek sanatın oluşturulması ve değerlendirilmesinin evrimsel geçmişini karakterize eden yeni bir çalışma alanıdır. Kişinin bir sanat eserini izlerken beyninde gerçekleşen görsel işlem süreçlerinin nöral yollarını haritalamayı başaran sinirbilimciler, son yıllarda görsel korteksin bilgiyi nasıl işlediği ve estetik yargıya nasıl ulaşıldığı üzerine odaklanmaktadırlar.
Bu araştırmanın odağını, sinirbilimcilere göre bir sanat eserinin nasıl algılandığı, estetik yargılara ulaşılırken görsel korteksin bilgiyi nasıl işlediği, renk algısı, sinestezi ve son olarak beyin hasarının sanatçılar üzerindeki etkileri oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışmada ilk olarak, görsel algının temel aşamaları olan görsel-uzaysal süreçler ele alınmıştır. Bu sayede nesne algılama ve sanat nesnesinin algılanması sırasında beyinde gerçekleşen nöral süreçler incelenmiştir. Biçimin ve uzamsal konumun yanı sıra renk algısına da dikkat çeken bir sonraki bölümde, son yıllarda sinirbilimciler tarafından pek çok çalışmaya konu olan ve bir duyunun başka bir duyu ile birlikte algılaması olarak bilinen sinestezi ele alınmıştır. Son olarak sinirbilimcilerin estetik deneyim üzerine yaptığı çalışmalarda en çok tercih ettiği deneysel yöntemlerden biri olan beyin hasarı yaşamış sanatçılar üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar ve bu araştırmalardan elde edilen verilere yer verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Andersen, R. A., Snyder, L. H., Bradley, D. C. and Xing, J. (1997). Multimodal representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex and its use in planning movements. Annual Review of Neuroscience, Issues 20, p. 303-330.
  • Ishai, A., Fairhall, S. L. and Pepperell, R. (2007). Perception, memory and aesthetics of indeterminate art, Brain Research Bulletin, Vol.73, Issues 4–6, p. 319-324.
  • Barry, A. M. (2006). Perceptual aesthetics: transcendent emotion, neurological image. Visual Communication Quarterly 13.3, p. 134-151.
  • Blanke, O., Ortigue, S. and Landis, T. (2003). Color neglect in an artist. Lancet, 361.
  • Brown, J. (1977). Mind, brain and consciousness. The neuropsychology of cognition. New York: Academic Press.
  • Chatterjee, A. and Neglect, A., (2003). Disorder of spatial attention. D’Esposito M. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; Neurological Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2003a, p. 1–26.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2011). Neuroaesthetics: a coming of age story. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23 (1), p. 53-62.
  • Farah, M. J. and Malden, M. A. (2000). The cognitive neuroscience of vision. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Gallese, V. (2013). Mirror neurons and art. Oxford University Press: Oxford, p. 441-449.
  • Gardner, H. (1975). The shattered mind. The person after brain damage. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Goodale, M. A., Jakobson L. S. and Servos, P. (2000). The visual pathways mediating perception and prehension, cognitive neuroscience. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Heller, W. (1994). Cognitive and emotional organization of the brain: Influences on the creation and perception of art. Neuropsychology, New York: Academic Press, p. 271–292.
  • Karakaş, S. (Ed.) (2008). Kognitif nörobilimler. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri.
  • Mishkin, M., Ungerleider, L.G., and Macko, K.A. (1983). Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways. Trends in Neuroscience, 6, p. 414-417.
  • Mouncastle, V. B. (2000). The parietal system and some higher brain functions, cognitive neuroscience. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Ramachandran, V.S . (2007). Three Clues Understanding Your Brain, TED Conference. https://www.ted.com/talks/vs_ramachandran_3_clues_to_understanding_your_brain
  • Ramachandran, V. S. (2011). The tell-tale brain: A neuroscientist's quest for what makes us human. WW, Norton Co.
  • Simon, H. A. (1962). The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106, p. 467–482.
  • Osaka, N. (2022). Emotional neuroaesthetics of color experience: Views from single, paired, and complex color combinations. Psych J. 2022 Oct;11(5):628-635.
  • Zeki, S. (1999). Inner Vision: An Exploration of Art and the Brain. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Zeki, S. and Moutoussi, K. (1997). Temporal hierarchy of the visual perceptive systems in the Mondrian world. Proceedings. Biological Sciences/The Royal Society. 264, p. 1415-19.
  • Zeki, S. and Marini, L. (1998). Three cortical stages of color processing in the human brain. Brain 121, p. 1669-1685.
  • Waldman, P. (2000). Master stroke: A tragedy transforms a right-handed artist into a lefty and a star. Wall Street Journal, May 12, Friday.

WHAT COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE SAY ABOUT AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 34, 155 - 174, 30.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.48069/akdenizsanat.1390910

Öz

Today, researchers can observe the neural responses to an aesthetic image in the human brain and examine the physiological reactions of viewers to an art object. Neuroaesthetics is a new field of study that characterizes the evolutionary history of the creation and evaluation of art by examining these responses. Neuroscientists, who have managed to map the neural pathways of the visual processing processes that occur in a person's brain while watching artworks, have been focusing on how the visual cortex processes information and reaches aesthetic judgment in recent years.
The focus of this research is how a work of art is perceived, how the visual cortex processes information when reaching aesthetic judgments, color perception, synesthesia, and finally, the effects of brain damage on artists.
In the study, firstly, the visual-spatial processes, which are the basic processes of visual perception, were discussed. In this way, object perception and the visual processes occurring in the brain during the perception of the art object were examined. In the next section, which draws attention to the perception of color as well as shape and spatial location, synesthesia, which has been the subject of many studies by neuroscientists in recent years and is known as the perception of one sense together with another sense, is discussed. Finally, studies on brain-damaged artists, one of the experimental methods most preferred by neuroscientists in research on aesthetic perception, and the data obtained from these studies are presented.

Kaynakça

  • Andersen, R. A., Snyder, L. H., Bradley, D. C. and Xing, J. (1997). Multimodal representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex and its use in planning movements. Annual Review of Neuroscience, Issues 20, p. 303-330.
  • Ishai, A., Fairhall, S. L. and Pepperell, R. (2007). Perception, memory and aesthetics of indeterminate art, Brain Research Bulletin, Vol.73, Issues 4–6, p. 319-324.
  • Barry, A. M. (2006). Perceptual aesthetics: transcendent emotion, neurological image. Visual Communication Quarterly 13.3, p. 134-151.
  • Blanke, O., Ortigue, S. and Landis, T. (2003). Color neglect in an artist. Lancet, 361.
  • Brown, J. (1977). Mind, brain and consciousness. The neuropsychology of cognition. New York: Academic Press.
  • Chatterjee, A. and Neglect, A., (2003). Disorder of spatial attention. D’Esposito M. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; Neurological Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2003a, p. 1–26.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2011). Neuroaesthetics: a coming of age story. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23 (1), p. 53-62.
  • Farah, M. J. and Malden, M. A. (2000). The cognitive neuroscience of vision. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Gallese, V. (2013). Mirror neurons and art. Oxford University Press: Oxford, p. 441-449.
  • Gardner, H. (1975). The shattered mind. The person after brain damage. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Goodale, M. A., Jakobson L. S. and Servos, P. (2000). The visual pathways mediating perception and prehension, cognitive neuroscience. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Heller, W. (1994). Cognitive and emotional organization of the brain: Influences on the creation and perception of art. Neuropsychology, New York: Academic Press, p. 271–292.
  • Karakaş, S. (Ed.) (2008). Kognitif nörobilimler. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri.
  • Mishkin, M., Ungerleider, L.G., and Macko, K.A. (1983). Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways. Trends in Neuroscience, 6, p. 414-417.
  • Mouncastle, V. B. (2000). The parietal system and some higher brain functions, cognitive neuroscience. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Ramachandran, V.S . (2007). Three Clues Understanding Your Brain, TED Conference. https://www.ted.com/talks/vs_ramachandran_3_clues_to_understanding_your_brain
  • Ramachandran, V. S. (2011). The tell-tale brain: A neuroscientist's quest for what makes us human. WW, Norton Co.
  • Simon, H. A. (1962). The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106, p. 467–482.
  • Osaka, N. (2022). Emotional neuroaesthetics of color experience: Views from single, paired, and complex color combinations. Psych J. 2022 Oct;11(5):628-635.
  • Zeki, S. (1999). Inner Vision: An Exploration of Art and the Brain. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Zeki, S. and Moutoussi, K. (1997). Temporal hierarchy of the visual perceptive systems in the Mondrian world. Proceedings. Biological Sciences/The Royal Society. 264, p. 1415-19.
  • Zeki, S. and Marini, L. (1998). Three cortical stages of color processing in the human brain. Brain 121, p. 1669-1685.
  • Waldman, P. (2000). Master stroke: A tragedy transforms a right-handed artist into a lefty and a star. Wall Street Journal, May 12, Friday.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Güzel Sanatlar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seray Kantarcıoğlu 0000-0001-9385-3499

Enver Güner 0000-0002-8150-8839

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 12 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 34

Kaynak Göster

APA Kantarcıoğlu, S., & Güner, E. (2024). WHAT COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE SAY ABOUT AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE?. Akdeniz Sanat, 18(34), 155-174. https://doi.org/10.48069/akdenizsanat.1390910

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