Genetic Variation among Turkish Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids for Tolerance to Chilling Stress

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 10 - 18, 17.03.2020

Fatma Aydinoglu , Ömer İltaş

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.663739

Öz

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a tropical crop and chilling temperatures (below 15 ºC) cause growth retardation and yield losses. The development of chilling-tolerant maize varieties is a main goal of plant breeders in order to produce maize under cool climates. Hybrids are more vigorous then their parents, including being more tolerant to diverse stresses. However, stress screening is an obstacle. This study aims to evaluate chilling stress tolerance of Turkish maize hybrids and determine suitable indicators for selection of the most tolerant hybrid. Nine hybrids were subjected to low night temperature following germination until the third leaf was fully enlarged. Hybrids were evaluated at morphological, cellular and physiological levels by comparison with control seedlings. The data were analyzed by kinematic analysis and statistical tools. The findings showed that all indicators significantly differed among the hybrids. Indicators such as leaf elongation rate (LER), mature cell length (MCL) and cell production (CP) increase our understanding of stress tolerance by making connections between phenotype and cellular functions. Fresh and dry weight of shoot (SFW and SDW) were observed to be useful indicators to uncover relatedness between growth and the physiological stress response of seedlings. In conclusion, this study defines beneficial indicators for breeding studies at early seedling screening of maize hybrids which are displayed genetic variation for chilling stress tolerance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zea mays, Hybrid seed, Chilling stress, stress indicators, Genetic variation

Teşekkür

The authors thank to Dr. Rahime Rana CENGIZ from Turkish Maize Research Institute for providing seeds and helpful conversation about maize hybrid seed breeding.

Türk Mısır (Zea mays L.) Hibridlerinin Üşüme Stresine Karşı Toleranslarında Genetik Varyasyonlar

Öz

Mısır (Zea mays L.) tropikal orjinli bir bitkidir ve düşük sıcaklıklar (15 ᵒC'nin altında) büyüme inhibisyonuna yol açarak verim kayıplarına neden olur. Bu nedenle, üşüme stresine dayanıklı mısır çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi, serin iklimlerde mısır yetiştirebilmek için mısır ıslahçılarının temel amaçları arasındadır. Hibridler, çeşitli streslere daha toleranslı olduklarından ebeveynlerine göre üstündür. Ancak, stres taramasının yapılması zordur. Bu bağlamda, çalışma, Türk mısır hibritlerinin üşüme stres toleranslarını değerlendirmeyi ve en toleranslı hibrit seçiminde uygun belirteçleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda dokuz farklı genotipe sahip mısır hibridi, çimlenmelerinin ardından üçüncü yaprakları tamamen olgunlaşıncaya kadar düşük gece sıcaklığına maruz bırakılmıştır. Üşümeye maruz bırakılan hibridler, kontrol şartlarında yetiştirilen fideler ile karşılaştırılarak stres toleransları morfolojik, hücresel ve fizyolojik seviyelerde değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler kinematik analiz ve istatistiksel araçlar ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, tüm stres belirteçleri hibridler arasında önemli derecede farklılık göstermiştir. Yaprak uzama oranı (LER), olgun hücre uzunluğu (MCL) ve hücre üretimi (CP) gibi belirteçler, fenotip ve hücresel fonksiyonlar arasında bağlantı kurmaya olanak sağladığından stres tolerans mekanizmasını anlamamızda faydalı olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, taze ve kuru fide ağırlığının (SFW ve SDW) fidelerin büyüme ile fizyolojik stres tepkisi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmak için yararlı göstergeler olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, genetik varyasyon sergilediği gözlenen üşüme stresi toleransı geliştirmeyi amaçlayan ıslah çalışmalarında mısırın erken aşamada taranmasına olanak sağlayan bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zea mays, Hibrit tohum, Üşüme stresi, Stres belirteçleri

Kaynakça

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