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Doğal Kırıklı Jeotermal Rezervuarlarda Re-enjeksiyon Stratejilerinin 3 Boyutlu Sayısal Modelleme ile Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 160 - 170

Öz

Reenjeksiyon kuyularının jeotermal rezervuarlara stratejik olarak yerleştirilmesi, sürdürülebilir ve maksimum termal geri kazanımın önemli bir belirleyicisidir. Sıcaklık düşüşünü en aza indirmek ve uzun süreler boyunca etkili basınç desteğini sürdürmek çok önemli hedeflerdir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye'nin batısındaki fayların varlığı ile karakterize edilen heterojen bir jeotermal rezervuar içerisinde saha içi enjeksiyonu, dipol enjeksiyonu ve çevresel enjeksiyon kuyusu konfigürasyonları dahil olmak üzere çeşitli kuyu enjeksiyon modellerinin uygulanmasını kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmektedir. Bu jeolojik özelliklerin ve bunlarla ilişkili özelliklerin hem saha ölçeğindeki performans hem de bireysel kuyu verimliliği üzerindeki etkisi, üç boyutlu sayısal rezervuar simülasyonu aracılığıyla titizlikle değerlendirilir. Bu çalışma, çeşitli üretim-enjeksiyon stratejileri için kuyu konfigürasyonlarını optimize ederek, Türkiye'nin batısındaki jeotermal rezervuar gelişiminin arttırılması ve sonuçta sürdürülebilir enerji üretimi için termal geri kazanımın en üst düzeye çıkarılması konusunda değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akin, S. (2014). Optimization of reinjection allocation in geothermal fields using capacitance-resistance models. In Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. Stanford University. California, USA. SGP-TR-202.
  • An, C., Han, Y., Liu, H. H., & Sun, Z. (2021). Development and Verification of an Enhanced Equation of State in TOUGH2. Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, 6(2), 021004. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050529
  • Aydin, H., Temizel, C., & Kabir, C. S. (2024). Surveillance Data Analysis Reveals Well Performance and Reservoir Connectivity: A Case Study in Alasehir Geothermal Field. SPE Journal, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2118/221454-PA
  • Aydın, H. (2018). Discrete fracture network modeling in Alaşehir geothermal field. Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University, Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Ankara, 107.
  • Aydin, H., & Akin, S. (2021). Estimation of upcoming problems in Alaşehir geothermal field using a numerical reservoir model. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06830-z
  • Aydin, H., Merey, S., & Akin, S. (2024). Pressure Transient Analysis of Alaşehir Geothermal Reservoir. In 49th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, California, USA. SGP-TR-227.
  • Aydin, H., Akin, S., & Tezel, S. (2018). Practical experiences about reservoir monitoring in Alaşehir Geothermal Field. In 43rd Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, California, USA. SGP-TR-213
  • Arellano, V.M., Barragan, R.M., Ramírez, M., Lopez, S., Paredes, A., Aragon, A., Tovar, R., et al. (2015a). The response to exploitation of the Los humeros (Mexico) geothermal Reservoir. In: Proc. World Geotherm. Congr. 2015. Melbourne, Australia.
  • Bayraktar, Y. Y., Aydın, H., & Bülbül, A. (2023). Investigation of Vertical Connectivity between Productive Reservoirs in Kızıldere Geothermal Field with a Numerical Reservoir Model. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2023 Beijing, China.
  • Bratton, T., Canh, D. V., Van Que, N., Duc, N. V., Gillespie, P., Hunt, D., ... & Sonneland, L. (2006). The nature of naturally fractured reservoirs. Oilfield Review, 18(2), 4-23.
  • Bromley, C.J., Currie, S., Jolly, S., Mannington, W. (2015). Subsidence: an update on New Zealand geothermal deformation observations and mechanisms. In: Proc. World Geotherm. Congr. 2015. Melbourne, Australia.
  • Bostanci, Y., Jonsson, M. T., & Palsson, H. (2020). Sensitivity Analysis of the Grid Refinement and Case Study of Reykjanes High Temperature Geothermal Field. In Proceedings, 45th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, California, USA. SGP-TR-216.
  • Chen, L., He, A., Zhao, J., Kang, Q., Li, Z. Y., Carmeliet, J., ... & Tao, W. Q. (2022). Pore-scale modeling of complex transport phenomena in porous media. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 88, 100968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2021.100968
  • Ciftci, B.N. (2007). Geological Evolution of the Gediz Graben, SW Turkey: Temporal and Spatial Variation of the Graben. Thesis of the Degree of Doctor Philosophy in Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University. Ankara, 289.
  • Çiftçi, NB., Bozkurt E. (2009). Structural evolution of the Gediz Graben, SW Turkey: temporal and spatial variation of the graben basin. Basin Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00438.x
  • Diaz, A.R., Kaya, E., Zarrouk, S.J. (2016). Reinjection in geothermal fields - A worldwide review update. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 53, 105–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.151.
  • Doğdu, N., & Çelmen, O. (2023). Importance of reinjection in sustainability of geothermal resources and reinjection well locations in Türkiye. Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration, 171(171), 159-175. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.1316785
  • Espartinez, C. M. R., & See, F. S. (2015). The BacMan geothermal field, Philippines: Geochemical changes and challenges after twenty years of operation. In Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Frota, R. A., Tanscheit, R., & Vellasco, M. (2022). Fuzzy logic for control of injector wells flow rates under produced water reinjection. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 215, 110574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2022.110574
  • Ganefianto, N., Stimac, J., Azwar, L. S., Pasikki, R., Parini, M., Shidartha, E., ... & Riedel, K. (2010). Optimizing production at Salak Geothermal Field, Indonesia, through injection management. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali, Indonesia (pp. 1-7).
  • Hamendi, A. (2009). Numerical simulation of Germencik geothermal field, master’s thesis, Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara. 64.
  • Hernandez, D., Addison, S., Sewell, S., Azwar, L., & Barnes, M. (2015). Rotokawa: reservoir response of 172 MW geothermal operation. In Proceedings 37th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, Vol. 18, p. 20.
  • Iglesias, E. R., Flores-Armenta, M., Torres, R. J., Ramirez-Montes, M., Reyes-Picaso, N., & Irma, C. R. U. Z. (2015). Tracer testing at Los Humeros, Mexico, High-enthalpy geothermal field. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia, 19–25 April 2015.
  • Juliusson, E., & Horne, R. N. (2013). Optimization of injection scheduling in fractured geothermal reservoirs. Geothermics, 48, 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2013.05.004
  • Karahanoglu N. (2019). Numerical modeling studies of the geothermal reservoirs. Journal of Geological Engineering 43:99–130
  • Kamila, Z., Kaya, E., & Zarrouk, S. J. (2021). Reinjection in geothermal fields: An updated worldwide review 2020. Geothermics, 89, 101970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101970
  • Kucuk, S., Baser, A., Saracoglu, O., Senturk, E., Tuzen, M. K., & Akın, S. (2021). Reinjection Optimization of Kızıldere Geothermal Field for Sustainable Reservoir Pressure Management. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2020+1 Reykjavik, Iceland.
  • Kristjánsson, B. R., Axelsson, G., Gunnarsson, G., Gunnarsson, I., & Óskarsson, F. (2016). Comprehensive tracer testing in the Hellisheidi Geothermal Field in SW-Iceland. In Proceedings, 41st Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Vol. 730.
  • Libert, F.T. (2017). Evaluation of the deepest production well in salak geothermal field, Indonesia. In: Proc. 5 th Indones. Int. Geotherm. Conv. Exhib. Jakarta.
  • Mahmoodi, M. (2017). Micromodel method for enhanced oil recovery; fabrication and image processing Doctoral dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, United Kingdom. 77.
  • Ouma, P., Koech, V., Mwarania, F. (2016). Olkaria geothermal Field Reservoir response after 35 years of production (1981 - 2016). In Proceedings of the 6th African Rift Geothermal Conference-ARGeo-C6, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Prabowo, T., Yuniar, D. M., Suryanto, S., & Silaban, M. (2015). Tracer Test Implementation and Analysis in Order to Evaluate Reinjection Effects in Lahendong Field. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress. Melbourne, pp. 19-25.
  • Pruess, K., & Narasimhan, T. N. (1985). A practical method for modeling fluid and heat flow in fractured porous media. Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, 25(01), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.2118/10509-PA
  • Pruess, K., & Spycher, N. (2007). ECO2N–A fluid property module for the TOUGH2 code for studies of CO2 storage in saline aquifers. Energy conversion and management, 48 (6), 1761-1767 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.016
  • Rojay, B., Demirci, C., Toprak, V., & Özsayın, E. (2019). Superposition of the neotectonic events in a complex multi extensional terrain evolution during post-Miocene in western Anatolia (Gediz-Alaşehir Graben, western Turkey). In Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 21.
  • Schulte, D.O., Arnold, D., Geiger, S., Demyanov, V., & Sass, I. (2020). Multi-objective optimization under uncertainty of geothermal reservoirs using experimental design-based proxy models. Geothermics, 86, 101792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.101792
  • Senturk, E., Aydin, H., & Tuzen, M. K. (2020). Injection Rehabilitation at Kızıldere Geothermal Field: Use of Flow Rate Weighted Average Production Wellhead Pressure for Reservoir Management. In 45th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, California, United States. SGP-TR-216.
  • Irtek, U., & Serhat, A. (2003). Optimization of reinjection in geothermal reservoirs. In Proceedings of 28 th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. California, Stanford University. SGP-TR-173.
  • Warren, J. E., & Root, P. J. (1963). The behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs. Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, 3(03), 245-255. https://doi.org/10.2118/426-PA
  • Wang, Y., Voskov, D., Khait, M., & Bruhn, D. (2020). An efficient numerical simulator for geothermal simulation: A benchmark study. Applied Energy, 264, 114693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114693
  • Wang, K., Zhou, J., Ma, Y., Ding, A., & Chen, X. (2023). Constitutive and numerical modeling for the coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical processes in dual-porosity geothermal reservoir. Applied Thermal Engineering, 223, 120027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120027
  • Yuan, W. H., Zhu, J. X., Liu, K., Zhang, W., Dai, B. B., & Wang, Y. (2022). Dynamic analysis of large deformation problems in saturated porous media by smoothed particle finite element method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 392, 114724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.09.014

Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 160 - 170

Öz

The strategic placement of reinjection wells within geothermal reservoirs is a pivotal determinant of sustainable and maximized thermal recovery. Minimizing temperature decline and maintaining effective pressure support over extended timescales are crucial objectives. This investigation comprehensively evaluates the implementation of diverse well injection patterns, including infield injection, dipole injection, and peripheral injection well configurations, within a heterogeneous geothermal reservoir characterized by the presence of faults in western Turkiye. The influence of these geological features and their associated properties on both field-scale performance and individual well productivity is rigorously assessed through a three-dimensional numerical reservoir simulation. By optimizing well configurations for various production-injection strategies, this study provides valuable insights into enhancing geothermal reservoir development in western Turkiye, ultimately maximizing thermal recovery for sustainable energy production.

Etik Beyan

Any use of information, patient data, or case studies in your manuscript without approval from relevant bodies and participants is unethical and can lead to rejection.

Kaynakça

  • Akin, S. (2014). Optimization of reinjection allocation in geothermal fields using capacitance-resistance models. In Thirty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. Stanford University. California, USA. SGP-TR-202.
  • An, C., Han, Y., Liu, H. H., & Sun, Z. (2021). Development and Verification of an Enhanced Equation of State in TOUGH2. Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, 6(2), 021004. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050529
  • Aydin, H., Temizel, C., & Kabir, C. S. (2024). Surveillance Data Analysis Reveals Well Performance and Reservoir Connectivity: A Case Study in Alasehir Geothermal Field. SPE Journal, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2118/221454-PA
  • Aydın, H. (2018). Discrete fracture network modeling in Alaşehir geothermal field. Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University, Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Ankara, 107.
  • Aydin, H., & Akin, S. (2021). Estimation of upcoming problems in Alaşehir geothermal field using a numerical reservoir model. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06830-z
  • Aydin, H., Merey, S., & Akin, S. (2024). Pressure Transient Analysis of Alaşehir Geothermal Reservoir. In 49th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, California, USA. SGP-TR-227.
  • Aydin, H., Akin, S., & Tezel, S. (2018). Practical experiences about reservoir monitoring in Alaşehir Geothermal Field. In 43rd Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, California, USA. SGP-TR-213
  • Arellano, V.M., Barragan, R.M., Ramírez, M., Lopez, S., Paredes, A., Aragon, A., Tovar, R., et al. (2015a). The response to exploitation of the Los humeros (Mexico) geothermal Reservoir. In: Proc. World Geotherm. Congr. 2015. Melbourne, Australia.
  • Bayraktar, Y. Y., Aydın, H., & Bülbül, A. (2023). Investigation of Vertical Connectivity between Productive Reservoirs in Kızıldere Geothermal Field with a Numerical Reservoir Model. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2023 Beijing, China.
  • Bratton, T., Canh, D. V., Van Que, N., Duc, N. V., Gillespie, P., Hunt, D., ... & Sonneland, L. (2006). The nature of naturally fractured reservoirs. Oilfield Review, 18(2), 4-23.
  • Bromley, C.J., Currie, S., Jolly, S., Mannington, W. (2015). Subsidence: an update on New Zealand geothermal deformation observations and mechanisms. In: Proc. World Geotherm. Congr. 2015. Melbourne, Australia.
  • Bostanci, Y., Jonsson, M. T., & Palsson, H. (2020). Sensitivity Analysis of the Grid Refinement and Case Study of Reykjanes High Temperature Geothermal Field. In Proceedings, 45th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, California, USA. SGP-TR-216.
  • Chen, L., He, A., Zhao, J., Kang, Q., Li, Z. Y., Carmeliet, J., ... & Tao, W. Q. (2022). Pore-scale modeling of complex transport phenomena in porous media. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 88, 100968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2021.100968
  • Ciftci, B.N. (2007). Geological Evolution of the Gediz Graben, SW Turkey: Temporal and Spatial Variation of the Graben. Thesis of the Degree of Doctor Philosophy in Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University. Ankara, 289.
  • Çiftçi, NB., Bozkurt E. (2009). Structural evolution of the Gediz Graben, SW Turkey: temporal and spatial variation of the graben basin. Basin Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00438.x
  • Diaz, A.R., Kaya, E., Zarrouk, S.J. (2016). Reinjection in geothermal fields - A worldwide review update. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 53, 105–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.151.
  • Doğdu, N., & Çelmen, O. (2023). Importance of reinjection in sustainability of geothermal resources and reinjection well locations in Türkiye. Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration, 171(171), 159-175. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.1316785
  • Espartinez, C. M. R., & See, F. S. (2015). The BacMan geothermal field, Philippines: Geochemical changes and challenges after twenty years of operation. In Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Frota, R. A., Tanscheit, R., & Vellasco, M. (2022). Fuzzy logic for control of injector wells flow rates under produced water reinjection. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 215, 110574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2022.110574
  • Ganefianto, N., Stimac, J., Azwar, L. S., Pasikki, R., Parini, M., Shidartha, E., ... & Riedel, K. (2010). Optimizing production at Salak Geothermal Field, Indonesia, through injection management. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali, Indonesia (pp. 1-7).
  • Hamendi, A. (2009). Numerical simulation of Germencik geothermal field, master’s thesis, Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara. 64.
  • Hernandez, D., Addison, S., Sewell, S., Azwar, L., & Barnes, M. (2015). Rotokawa: reservoir response of 172 MW geothermal operation. In Proceedings 37th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, Vol. 18, p. 20.
  • Iglesias, E. R., Flores-Armenta, M., Torres, R. J., Ramirez-Montes, M., Reyes-Picaso, N., & Irma, C. R. U. Z. (2015). Tracer testing at Los Humeros, Mexico, High-enthalpy geothermal field. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia, 19–25 April 2015.
  • Juliusson, E., & Horne, R. N. (2013). Optimization of injection scheduling in fractured geothermal reservoirs. Geothermics, 48, 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2013.05.004
  • Karahanoglu N. (2019). Numerical modeling studies of the geothermal reservoirs. Journal of Geological Engineering 43:99–130
  • Kamila, Z., Kaya, E., & Zarrouk, S. J. (2021). Reinjection in geothermal fields: An updated worldwide review 2020. Geothermics, 89, 101970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101970
  • Kucuk, S., Baser, A., Saracoglu, O., Senturk, E., Tuzen, M. K., & Akın, S. (2021). Reinjection Optimization of Kızıldere Geothermal Field for Sustainable Reservoir Pressure Management. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2020+1 Reykjavik, Iceland.
  • Kristjánsson, B. R., Axelsson, G., Gunnarsson, G., Gunnarsson, I., & Óskarsson, F. (2016). Comprehensive tracer testing in the Hellisheidi Geothermal Field in SW-Iceland. In Proceedings, 41st Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Vol. 730.
  • Libert, F.T. (2017). Evaluation of the deepest production well in salak geothermal field, Indonesia. In: Proc. 5 th Indones. Int. Geotherm. Conv. Exhib. Jakarta.
  • Mahmoodi, M. (2017). Micromodel method for enhanced oil recovery; fabrication and image processing Doctoral dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, United Kingdom. 77.
  • Ouma, P., Koech, V., Mwarania, F. (2016). Olkaria geothermal Field Reservoir response after 35 years of production (1981 - 2016). In Proceedings of the 6th African Rift Geothermal Conference-ARGeo-C6, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Prabowo, T., Yuniar, D. M., Suryanto, S., & Silaban, M. (2015). Tracer Test Implementation and Analysis in Order to Evaluate Reinjection Effects in Lahendong Field. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress. Melbourne, pp. 19-25.
  • Pruess, K., & Narasimhan, T. N. (1985). A practical method for modeling fluid and heat flow in fractured porous media. Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, 25(01), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.2118/10509-PA
  • Pruess, K., & Spycher, N. (2007). ECO2N–A fluid property module for the TOUGH2 code for studies of CO2 storage in saline aquifers. Energy conversion and management, 48 (6), 1761-1767 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.016
  • Rojay, B., Demirci, C., Toprak, V., & Özsayın, E. (2019). Superposition of the neotectonic events in a complex multi extensional terrain evolution during post-Miocene in western Anatolia (Gediz-Alaşehir Graben, western Turkey). In Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 21.
  • Schulte, D.O., Arnold, D., Geiger, S., Demyanov, V., & Sass, I. (2020). Multi-objective optimization under uncertainty of geothermal reservoirs using experimental design-based proxy models. Geothermics, 86, 101792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.101792
  • Senturk, E., Aydin, H., & Tuzen, M. K. (2020). Injection Rehabilitation at Kızıldere Geothermal Field: Use of Flow Rate Weighted Average Production Wellhead Pressure for Reservoir Management. In 45th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, California, United States. SGP-TR-216.
  • Irtek, U., & Serhat, A. (2003). Optimization of reinjection in geothermal reservoirs. In Proceedings of 28 th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering. California, Stanford University. SGP-TR-173.
  • Warren, J. E., & Root, P. J. (1963). The behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs. Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, 3(03), 245-255. https://doi.org/10.2118/426-PA
  • Wang, Y., Voskov, D., Khait, M., & Bruhn, D. (2020). An efficient numerical simulator for geothermal simulation: A benchmark study. Applied Energy, 264, 114693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114693
  • Wang, K., Zhou, J., Ma, Y., Ding, A., & Chen, X. (2023). Constitutive and numerical modeling for the coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical processes in dual-porosity geothermal reservoir. Applied Thermal Engineering, 223, 120027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120027
  • Yuan, W. H., Zhu, J. X., Liu, K., Zhang, W., Dai, B. B., & Wang, Y. (2022). Dynamic analysis of large deformation problems in saturated porous media by smoothed particle finite element method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 392, 114724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.09.014
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Enerji Sistemleri Mühendisliği (Diğer), Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer), Jeoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hakkı Aydın 0000-0001-5653-0121

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Ocak 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 5 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, H. (2025). Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 160-170.
AMA Aydın H. Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Ocak 2025;25(1):160-170.
Chicago Aydın, Hakkı. “Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25, sy. 1 (Ocak 2025): 160-70.
EndNote Aydın H (01 Ocak 2025) Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25 1 160–170.
IEEE H. Aydın, “Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 1, ss. 160–170, 2025.
ISNAD Aydın, Hakkı. “Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25/1 (Ocak 2025), 160-170.
JAMA Aydın H. Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;25:160–170.
MLA Aydın, Hakkı. “Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 160-7.
Vancouver Aydın H. Comparing Reinjection Strategies in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A 3D Numerical Modeling Approach. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;25(1):160-7.


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