Tuzluluğa maruz bırakılan Pseudotropheus acei balığının solungaç mukus hücrelerinin incelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 245 - 252

Bahar Öner , Ahmet Regaib Oğuz , Zehra Alkan Çekiç

Öz

Balıklar içinde bulundukları suların fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinden etkilenmektedir. Bu değişimler davranışsal, histolojik ve moleküller düzeyde olabilmektedir. Solungaçlar suyla direkt temas halinde oldukları için zararlı etkenlere karşı değişimlerin başladığı ilk organlardan biridir. Bu nedenle balıklarda solungaçlar çevresel farklılıkların belirlenmesinde biyoindiktör dokular olarak kullanılır. Balıklarda solungaçlar osmoregülasyon, pH düzenlenmesi, azotlu atıkların dışarı atılması, iyon düzenlenmesi gibi pek çok görevleri vardır. Bu çalışmada Pseudotropheus acei balıklarına artan tuz konsantrasyonu uygulandı. Çalışma sonunda balıkların en fazla 27 ppt tuzluluğa adapte olduğu daha yüksek tuzluluklarda ise öldüğü gözlendi. Kontrol ve tuzluluğa adapte olan balıklardaki solungaç dokuları histolojik olarak incelendi. Balık solungaç dokusunda tuz stresine bağlı olarak nekroz ve hiperplazi gibi histopatolojik değişimler gözlendi. Tuz sterine maruz kalan Pseudotropheus acei balığı solungacındaki mukus hücre içeriğinde ve yoğunluklarında farklılıklar olduğu görüldü. Nötral glikokonjugat içeren mukus hücrelerin kontrol grubunda sınırlı olduğu tuz maruziyeti sonucu arttığı gözlendi. Karboksillenmiş glikokonjugat içeren mukus hücrelerin tuz maruziyeti sonucu 27 ppt’de daha yoğun olduğu belirlendi. O-sülfat esterli glikokonjugatları içeren mukus hücrelerinin kontrol grubunda işaretlenmediği tuz maruziyeti sonucu arttığı görüldü. Güçlü sülfatlanmış glikokonjugat içeren mukus hücrelerin kontrol grubunda işaretlenmediği, tuzluluğa bağlı artış gösterdiği belirlendi. Nötr ve güçlü asidik glikokonjugatların karşılaştırılması sonucunda asidik glikokonjugatların daha yoğun işaretlendiği ve tuz maruziyetine bağlı olarak artış gösterdiği belirlendi. Sülfatlanmış ve karboksillenmiş glikokonjugatları karşılaştırması sonucunda karboksillenmiş glikokonjugatların sülfatlanmış glikokonjugatlara oranla daha yoğun olduğu ve mukus hücre yoğunluğunda tuzluluğa bağlı artış gösterdiği gözlendi. Yapılan boyamalar sonucunda semikantitatif olarak tuz artışına bağlı mukus hücre sayısında da artış olduğu gözlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mukus, osmoregülasyon, solungaç, tuz

Etik Beyan

YUHADYEK 2023/05-36

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK 2209-A üniversite öğrencileri araştırma destek programı

Proje Numarası

1919B012215185

Teşekkür

Çalışmaya maddi destek sağlayan TÜBİTAK 2209-A üniversite öğrencileri araştırma destek programına (1919B012215185 no’lu proje) teşekkürlerimi sunarım

Examination of gill mucus cells of Pseudotropheus acei fish exposed to salinity

Öz

Fish are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the waters they live in. These changes can be at behavioral, histological and molecular levels. Since gills are in direct contact with water, they are one of the first organs where changes against harmful factors begin. For this reason, gills in fish are used as bioindicator tissues in determining environmental differences. Gills in fish have many functions such as osmoregulation, pH regulation, removal of nitrogenous waste, and ion regulation. In our experimental study, increasing salt concentration was applied to Pseudotropheus acei fish. As a result of the application, it was observed that the fish adapted to a maximum salinity of 27 ppt and died in higher salinities. Gill tissues of control and salinity-adapted fish were examined histologically. Histopathological changes such as necrosis and hyperplasia were observed in fish gill tissue due to salt stress. It was observed that there were differences in the mucus cell content and density in the gill tissue of Pseudotropheus acei fish exposed to salt. It was observed that mucus cells containing neutral glycoconjugate increased as a result of salt exposure, which was limited in the control group. It was determined that mucus cells containing carboxylated glycoconjugate were more dense at 27 ppt as a result of salt exposure. It was observed that mucus cells containing O-sulfate ester glycoconjugates increased as a result of salt exposure, while they were not marked in the control group. It was determined that mucus cells containing strong sulfated glycoconjugate were not marked in the control group and increased depending on salinity. As a result of the comparison of neutral and strongly acidic glycoconjugates, it was determined that acidic glycoconjugates were marked more intensely and increased depending on salt exposure. As a result of the comparison of sulfated and carboxylated glycoconjugates, it was observed that carboxylated glycoconjugates were more dense than sulfated glycoconjugates and showed an increase in mucus cell density depending on salinity. As a result of the staining, it was observed that there was a semiquantitative increase in the number of mucus cells due to the increase in salt.

Anahtar Kelimeler

gill, Osmoregulation, mucus, salt

Proje Numarası

1919B012215185

Kaynakça

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