Müzik Performans Kaygısı Alanında Yapılan Araştırmaların Türkiye Ölçeğinde İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 941 - 953, 26.09.2022

Zafer Kurtaslan , Muhsin Sarıkaya , Ender Can Dönmez , Volkan Burak Kibici

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1064639

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye genelinde geçmişten günümüze, müzikal performans kaygısı alanında yapılmış olan tez ve araştırma makalelerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, araştırmada kullanılan veriler YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Dergi Park, TR Dizin ve Google Akademik veri tabanları kullanılarak alan yazın taraması ile elde edilmiştir. Alan yazın taraması sonucunda farklı düzeylerde yirmi beş tez ve yirmi makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Tez ve araştırma makaleleri yapıldıkları üniversite, yıl, düzey, yöntem ve teknikler bakımından içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgulardan elde edilen sonuçlar, müzikal performans kaygısı alanında 2009 yılından günümüze yapılan yirmi beş tezin yarısından fazlasının yüksek lisans düzeyinde olduğunu, yirmi dört üniversitede birer tez yapılırken Marmara Üniversitesinde altı tezin yapıldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, tezlerin çok yüksek oranda nicel araştırma desenleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, müzikal performans kaygısı alanında 2012 yılından günümüze yazılan yirmi araştırma makalesinin tamamına yakınının nicel araştırma yöntemi ve derleme türünde oluşturulduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 1988-2021 yılları arasında yapılan üç bine yakın tez ve çok sayıda araştırma makalesi içerisinde müzikal performans kaygısı ile ilgili sadece yirmi beş tezin olması ve çok az sayıda makale üretilmesine dikkat çekilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye'deki araştırmalarda ağırlıklı olarak müzik performans kaygısının tek değişkenli ve boyutlu olarak ele alındığı ve çalışmaların tarama modeliyle gerçekleştirildiği gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Müzik eğitimi, müzik performansı, kaygı

An Examination of Research in the Field of Music Performance Anxiety on the Scale of Turkey

Öz

The aim of this research is to examine the thesis and research articles in the field of musical performance anxiety from past to present throughout Turkey. For this purpose, the data used in the research were obtained by literature review using YÖK National Thesis Center, Dergi Park, TR Index and Google Scholar databases. As a result of the literature review, twenty-five theses and twenty articles at different levels were reached. Thesis and research articles were subjected to content analysis in terms of university, year, level, methods and techniques. The results obtained from the findings showed that more than half of the twenty-five theses made in the field of musical performance anxiety since 2009 are at the master's level, while one thesis was made in twenty-four universities, six theses were made in Marmara University. In addition, it was concluded that the theses were carried out using quantitative research designs at a very high rate. However, it was concluded that almost all of the twenty research articles written in the field of musical performance anxiety since 2012 were created in quantitative research method and compilation type. It was noted that there were only twenty-five theses and very few articles produced among nearly three thousand theses and many research articles made between 1988 and 2021. In addition, it has been observed that in studies in Turkey, music performance anxiety is mainly handled as univariate and dimensional, and the studies are carried out with a survey model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Music education, music performance, anxiety

Kaynakça

• Aromataris, E. ve Pearson, A. (2014). The Systematic Review. American Journal of Nursing, 114(3), 53-58. https://doi/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000444496.24228.2c
• Aydın, B. ve İşgörür, Ü. (2018). Ortaokul ve lise düzeyinde öğrenim gören konservatuvar öğrencilerinin müzik performans kaygılarının çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Akademik Müzik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(7), 1-20. https://doi/10.5578/amrj.66241
• Barlow, D. H. (1988). Anxiety and Its Disorder. New York: Guilford Press.
• Blöte, A. W. Kint, M. J. Miers, A. C. ve Westenberg, P. M. (2009). The relation between public speaking anxiety and social anxiety: A review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(3), 305-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.11.007
• Brodsky, W. Sloboda, J. A. ve Waterman, M. G. (1994). An exploratory investigation into auditory style as a correlate and predictor of music performance anxiety. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 9, 101-112.
• Brotons, M. (1994). Effects of performing conditions on music performance anxiety and performance quality. Journal of Music Therapy, 31(1), 63–81. 10.1093/jmt/31.1.63
• Brugués A. O. (2009). Music Performance Anxiety—a Review of the Literature. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität. Deutschland: Freiburg im Bresgau.
• Brugués, A. O. (2019). Music Performance Anxiety: A Comprehensive Update of the Literature (1 b.). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
• Castiglione, C., Rampullo, A. ve Cardullo, S. (2018). Self Representations and Music Performance Anxiety: A Study With Professional and Amateur Musicians. Europe's journal of psychology, 14(4), 792–805. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i4.1554
• Chow, G. M. ve Luzzeri, M. (2019). Post-event reflection: a tool to facilitate self-awareness, self-monitoring, and self-regulation in athletes. J. Sport Psychol. Action 10, 106–118. 10.1080/21520704.2018.1555565
• Chow, K. ve Mercado, E. I. I. I. (2020). Performance anxiety and the plasticity of emotional responses. Cogn. Emot. 34 1309–1325. 10.1080/02699931.2020.1749568
• Christopher, M. J. (2002). Anxiety, arousal and visual attention: a mechanistic account of performance variability. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(3), 237-251. https://doi/10.1080/026404102317284790
• Clark, D. B. ve Agras, W. S. (1991). The assessment and treatment of performance anxiety in musicians. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148(5), 598-605.
• Cohen S. ve Janicki-Deverts D, (2012). Who's stressed? Distributions of psychological stress in the United States in probability samples from 1983, 2006 and 2009. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 1320–1334.
• Cox, W. J. ve Kenardy, J. (1993). Performance anxiety, social phobia, and setting effects in instrumental music students. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 7(1), 49-60.
• Çırakoğlu, O. C. ve Şentürk, G. C. (2013). Development of a performance anxiety scale for music students. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 28(4), 199-206(8). https://doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2013.4040
• Dalkıran, E. Şahin, B. Karataş, H. Z. ve Nacakçı, Z. (2014). Bireysel çalgı performans sınavı kaygı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 1(1), 13-25.
• Dews C. L. B. Ve Williams M. S. (1989). Student musicians’ personality styles, stresses, and coping patterns. Psychol. Music 17, 37–47. 10.1177/0305735689171004
• Doğan, C. ve Tecimer, B. (2019). Music Performance Anxiety Levels of Students in the Music Education Graduate Program (Ankara-Gazi University Sample). Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 8(2), 507-523.
• Doğan, U. (2013). Ergenlerde performans kaygısını yordayan değişkenlerin modellenmesi ve buna yönelik psikoeğitim programının işlevselliği (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Sakarya Üniversitesi: Sakarya.
• Eccles, J.S. ve Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual review of psychology. 53(1), 109–32.
• Fehm, L. ve Schmidt, K. (2006). Performance anxiety in gifted adolescent musicians. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(1), 98-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.11.011
• Fernholz I., Mumm J. L. M., Plag J., Noeres K., Rotter G. ve Willich S. N. (2019). Performance anxiety in professional musicians: a systematic review on prevalence, risk factors and clinical treatment effects. Psychol. Med. 49, 2287–2306. 10.1017/S0033291719001910
• Gencer, M. B. (2019). Müzik bölümü öğrencilerinde performans anksiyetesi, mükemmelliyetçilik ve başarı yönelimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
• Gustafson E. ve Rawson D. (1983). Rambfeber Hos Strakmusiker (Stage fright in string players). (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Uppsala University, Uppsala.
• Guyon, A., Studer, R. K., Hildebrandt, H., Horsch, A., Nater, U. M. ve Gomez, P. (2020). Music performance anxiety from the challenge and threat perspective: psychophysiological and performance outcomes. BMC psychology, 8(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00448-8
• Jelen, B. (2017). Müzik öğretmeni adaylarının müzik performans kaygısı ve piyano performans öz yeterlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. İdil Dergisi, 6(39), 3389-2414.
• Kafadar, A. (2009). Piyanistler örneğinde müzisyenlere özgü performans Anksiyetesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
• Kendrick, M. J. (1979). Reduction of musical performance anxiety by attentional training and behaviour rehearsal: an exploration of cognitive mediational processes (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). University of British Columbia, California.
• Kenny, D. T. (2005). A systematic rewiew of treatments for music performance anxiety. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 18(3), 183-208. https://doi/10.1080/10615800500167258
• Kenny, D. T. (2011). The psychology of music performance anxiety (1b). New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586141.001.0001
• Kenny, D. T., Davis, P. J. ve Oates, J. (2004). Music performance anxiety and occupational stress amongst opera chorus artists and their relationship with state and trait anxiety and perfectionism. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18(6), 757-777.
• Kobori, O. Yoshie, M. Kudo, K. ve Ohtsuki, T. (2011). Traits and cognitions of perfectionism and their relation with coping style, effort, achievement, and performance anxiety in Japanese musicians, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(5), 674-679.
• Kriegbaum, K. Becker, N. ve Spinath, B. (2018). The relative importance of intelligence and motivation as predictors of school achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 25, 120-148.
• Lehrer, P. M. Goldman, N. S. ve Strommen, E. F. (1990). A principal components analysis assessment of performance anxiety among musicians. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 5(1), 12-18.
• Medeiros Barbar, A. E., de Souza Crippa, J. A. ve de Lima Osorio, F. (2014). Performance anxiety in Brazilian musicians: prevalence and association with psychopathology indicators. J. Affect. Dis. 15 381–386. 10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.041
• Nielsen, K., Studer, R. K., Hilderbrandt, H., Nater, U. M., Wild, P.ve Danuser, B. (2018). The relationship between music performance anxiety, subjective performance quality and post-event rumination among music students. Psychological Music, 46 136–152. 10.1177/0305735617706539
• Osborne, M. S. Kenny, D. T. ve Holsomback, R. (2005). Assessment of music performance anxiety in late childhood: A validation study of the Music Performance Anxiety Inventory for Adolescents (MPAI-A). International Journal of Stress Management, 12(4), 312-330.
• Osborne, M. S. ve Kenny, D. T. (2005). Development and validation of a music performance anxiety inventory for gifted adolescent musicians. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19(7), 725-751.
• Osborne, M.S. ve Franklin, J. (2002). Cognitive processes in music performance anxiety. Australian Journal of Psychology, 54(2), 86–93. 10.1080/00049530210001706543
• Özerin, F. (2015). Profesyonel müzik eğitimi görmekte olan öğrencilerin problem çözme becerileri ile kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
• Palancı, M. Altun, D. Z. ve Doğan, U. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerine yönelik müzik performans kaygısı ölçeğinin uyarlama çalışması. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 155-165.
• Papageorgi, I. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of musical performance anxiety in adolescent learners: contributions of individual, task-related and environmental factors. Musicae Scientiae 10.1177/1029864920923128
• Papageorgi, I. (2021). Typologies of Adolescent Musicians and Experiences of Performance Anxiety Among Instrumental Learners. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 645993. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645993
• Puchner, M., (2002). Stage fright: modernism, anti-theatricality, and drama. JHU Press: Baltimore and London.
• Rae, G. ve McCambridge, K. (2004). Correlates of performance anxiety in practical music exams. Psychology of Music, 32(4), 432-439. https://doi/10.1177/0305735604046100
• Ryan, C. ve Andrews N. (2009). An investigation into the choral singer’s experience of music performance anxiety. J. Res. Music Educ. 57, 108–126. 10.1177/0022429409336132
• Sarıkaya, M. ve Kurtaslan, Z. (2018). Prediction of Musical Performance Anxiety According to Music Teacher Candidates’ Perfectionism and Self-Efficacy Beliefs. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(4), 183-198. https://doi/10.15345/iojes.2018.04.010
• Schnare, B., MacIntyre, P. ve Doucette J. (2012). Possible selves as a source of motivation for musicians. Psychology of Music, 40(1), 94–111. 10.1177/0305735610391348
• Shetty, S. Nikkam A.V. ve Shetty, P, (2018). Effect of mınd sound resonance technıque on autonomıc varıables ın occupatıonal stress ındıvıduals – a randomızed controlled trıal. International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 5(7), 24-30.
• Spahn C., Walther J. C. ve Nusseck M. (2016). The effectiveness of a multimodal concept of audition training for music students in coping with music performance anxiety. Psychol. Music 44, 893–909. 10.1177/0305735615597484
• Spahn, C., Krampe, F. ve Nusseck, M. (2021). Classifying Different Types of Music Performance Anxiety. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 538535. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.538535
• Spielberger, C. D. (1983). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-AD). APA PsycTests.
• Steptoe A. (2001). Negative emotions in music making: the problem of performance anxiety. Juslin P. N., Sloboda J. A (Ed), In Music and Emotion: Theory and Research (ss. 291–307) Oxford University Press: Oxford.
• Steptoe, A. (1989). Stress, Coping and Stage Fright in Professional Musicians. Psychology of Music, 17(1), 3-11.
• Steptoe, A. ve Fidler, H. (1987). Stage fright in orchestral musicians: A study of cognitive and behavioural strategies in performance anxiety. British Journal of Psychology, 78(2), 241-249.
• Sünbül, A.M. (2008). The relationship between emotional intelligence and achievement among 1st and 4th grade faculty students. Scientific Bulletin-Education Sciences Series, 2, 27-42.
• Sweeney, G. A. ve Horan, J. J. (1982). Separate and combined effects of cue-controlled relaxation and cognitive restructuring in the treatment of music performance anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(5), 486-497.
• Taborsky, C. (2007). Musical performance anxiety: a review of literature. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 26(1), 15-25. https://doi/10.1177/87551233070260010103
• Tokinan, B. Ö. (2013). Kenny müzik performans kaygısı envanterini Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. Ahi Erivan Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD), 14(1), 53-65.
• Umuzdaş, M. S. Tök, H. ve Umuzdaş, S. (2019). An examination of the performance anxiety levels of undergraduate music teaching students in the instrument exams according to various variables (Case of Tokat province). International Journal of Higher Education, 8(4), 221-230.
• Van Lier J., Moulds M. L.ve Raes F. (2015). Abstract ‘why’ thoughts about success lead to greater positive generalization in sport participants. Front. Psychol. 6, 1783. 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01783
• Varvarigou M., Creech A., Hallam S. (2014). Partnership working and possible selves in music education. International Journal of Music Education, 32(1), 84–97. 10.1177/0255761413491060
• Williamon, A. ve Thompson S. (2006). Awareness and incidence of health problems among conservatoire students. Psychol. Music 34, 411–430. 10.1177/0305735606067150
• Wolfe, M. L. (1989). Correlates of adaptive and maladaptive musical performance anxiety. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 4(1), 49-56.
• Yağışan, N., Sünbül, A.M. ve Yücalan, Ö.B. (2007a). Eğitim fakültesi, güzel sanatlar ve diğer bölüm öğrencilerinin benlik imgesi ve denetim odaklarının karşılaştırılması. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(17), 595-607.
• Yağışan, N., Sünbül, A.M. ve Yücalan, Ö.B. (2007b). Müzik bölümü öğrencilerinin benlik imgeleri ve denetim odaklarının incelenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(22), 243-262.
• Yiqing, T. ve Ryan, L. (2020). Music Performance Anxiety: Can Expressive Writing Intervention Help?. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1334, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01334