Araştırma Makalesi
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Blokzincir Tabanlı Donanımsal Cüzdan ve Akıllı Kartlar

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 37 - 48, 15.06.2021

Öz

Kripto para transferi için gönderen ve alıcıya ait ortak anahtar denilen adreslerin olması gereklidir. Göndericinin adresi, alıcının adresi ve gönderim miktarı gibi bilgilerin olduğu işlemler, birbiri ardına bağlı blokların içerisinde belli bir sisteme göre tutulur. Her adresin yani ortak anahtarın benzersiz gizli bir anahtar karşılığı bulunmaktadır. Kripto para işlemleri için bu özel anahtarlar ile atılmış imzalar kullanılır. Mahremiyet söz konusu olduğu için kripto para transferinde birden fazla adres yani anahtar çifti kullanmak önemlidir ve önerilmektedir. Bu anahtarların yönetimi ve depolanması cüzdanlar sayesinde sağlanır. Çevrimdışı cüzdanların direkt olarak internet erişimi yoktur ve daha güvenlidir. Bu makalede çevrimdışı cüzdan çeşidi olan blokzincir tabanlı kripto paraların erişimine ve harcanabilmesine olanak sağlayan anahtarların tutulduğu donanımsal akıllı kart cüzdan konusu işlenmiştir. Anahtarın üretimi ve depolanması için hiyerarşik ve deterministik bir yöntem sunan BIP-32, BIP-39 ve BIP-44’e bu çalışmada detaylı olarak yer verilmiştir. Yerli ve milli akıllı kart işletim sistemi olan AKİS’in v3.0 sürümünde kimlik, pasaport, ehliyet, e-imza, bilet gibi uygulamalar tek bir kart içinde toplanabilmektedir. Bu sürümle birlikte kartın içinde olan uygulamalardan biri de cüzdan uygulamasıdır. Bitcoin kripto para transfer işlemlerini yapabilecek özellikte tasarlanmıştır. AKİS cüzdan BIP-32, BIP-39 ve BIP-44 ve eliptik eğri kriptografik işlemlerini yapabilecek şekilde geliştirilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Frederic S Mishkin. The economics of money, banking, and financial markets. Pearson education, 2007
  • J.N. Smithin. What is Money? Routledge international studies in money and banking. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 9780415206907. URL https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=MDU-NTEJziMC. (accessed: 01.12.2019).
  • Satoshi Nakamoto and A Bitcoin. A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Bitcoin.– URL: https://bitcoin. org/bitcoin. pdf, 2008. (accessed: 02.12.2019).
  • Vitalik Buterin et al. Ethereum white paper. GitHub repository, 1:22–23, 2013.
  • Christopher Ferris. IBM Blokchain based on Hyperledger Fabric from the Linux Foundation, 2020. URL https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/hyperledger. (accessed: 05.07.2020).
  • Tobias Bamert, Christian Decker, Roger Wattenhofer, and Samuel Welten. Bluewallet: The secure bitcoin wallet. In International Workshop on Security and Trust Management, pages 65–80. Springer, 2014.
  • Trezor. Trezor Hardware wallet, 2014. URL https://wiki.trezor.io/Trezor. (accessed: 12.02.2020).
  • Ledger. Java Card implementation of Ledger Bitcoin Hardware Wallet, 2015. URL https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard. (accessed: 26.11.2019).
  • Matouš Skála. Bitcoinová peneženka pro Android podporující zarízení TREZOR. B.S. thesis, Ceské vysoké ucení technické v Praze. Vypocetní a informacní centrum, 2018.
  • CoinMarketCap. All Cryptocurrencies, 2020. URL https://coinmarketcap.com/all/views/all/. (accessed: 24.03.2020).
  • Pieter Wuille and other Bitcoin Mediawiki BIP 44 Contributors. Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets, 2012. URL https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki. (accessed: 19.02.2020).
  • Pavol Rusnak Marek Palatinus and other Bitcoin Mediawiki BIP-44 Contributors. Multi-Account Hierarchy for Deterministic Wallets, 2014. URL https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip0044.mediawiki. (accessed: 19.02.2020).
  • Wouter de Boer. Power Analysis of the Ledger NanoS, 2018.
  • Yasir Emre Bulut. Secure Hardware Cryptocurrency Wallet within Common Criteria Framework. Master’s thesis, İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi, 2019.
  • Ahmet USTA. Paranın Serüveni-Kripto Paraların Öncesi ve Sonrası, 2018.
  • D Karayew. The history of credit cards. PhD thesis, SSU Publishing House, 2012.

Hardware Wallets and Smart Cards for Blockchain Platforms

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 37 - 48, 15.06.2021

Öz

For cryptocurrency trading, the addresses of the sender and the receiver, called public keys, are required. Transactions involving information such as the address of the sender, the address of the recipient and the shipping amount are kept according to a certain system in blocks that are connected one after another. Each address, the public key, has a unique secret key equivalent. Signatures signed with these private keys are used for cryptocurrency transactions. Since privacy is at stake, it is important and recommended to use more than one address in cryptocurrency transfer. The management and storage of these keys is provided by wallets. Offline wallets do not have direct internet access and are more secure. In this article, the topic of a hardware smart card wallet that holds keys that allow access and spending of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, which is an offline wallet type, is discussed. BIP-32, BIP-39 and BIP-44, which offer a hierarchical and deterministic method for key generation and storage, are given in a detailed way. In the v3.0 of AKİS, the national smart card operating system, applications such as identity, passport, driver's license, e-signature and ticket can be collected in a single card. With this version, one of the applications included in the card is the wallet application. It is designed to handle Bitcoin transfer. AKİS wallet is developed to be able to perform BIP-32, BIP-39 and BIP-44 and elliptic curve cryptographic transactions.

Kaynakça

  • Frederic S Mishkin. The economics of money, banking, and financial markets. Pearson education, 2007
  • J.N. Smithin. What is Money? Routledge international studies in money and banking. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 9780415206907. URL https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=MDU-NTEJziMC. (accessed: 01.12.2019).
  • Satoshi Nakamoto and A Bitcoin. A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Bitcoin.– URL: https://bitcoin. org/bitcoin. pdf, 2008. (accessed: 02.12.2019).
  • Vitalik Buterin et al. Ethereum white paper. GitHub repository, 1:22–23, 2013.
  • Christopher Ferris. IBM Blokchain based on Hyperledger Fabric from the Linux Foundation, 2020. URL https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/hyperledger. (accessed: 05.07.2020).
  • Tobias Bamert, Christian Decker, Roger Wattenhofer, and Samuel Welten. Bluewallet: The secure bitcoin wallet. In International Workshop on Security and Trust Management, pages 65–80. Springer, 2014.
  • Trezor. Trezor Hardware wallet, 2014. URL https://wiki.trezor.io/Trezor. (accessed: 12.02.2020).
  • Ledger. Java Card implementation of Ledger Bitcoin Hardware Wallet, 2015. URL https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard. (accessed: 26.11.2019).
  • Matouš Skála. Bitcoinová peneženka pro Android podporující zarízení TREZOR. B.S. thesis, Ceské vysoké ucení technické v Praze. Vypocetní a informacní centrum, 2018.
  • CoinMarketCap. All Cryptocurrencies, 2020. URL https://coinmarketcap.com/all/views/all/. (accessed: 24.03.2020).
  • Pieter Wuille and other Bitcoin Mediawiki BIP 44 Contributors. Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets, 2012. URL https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki. (accessed: 19.02.2020).
  • Pavol Rusnak Marek Palatinus and other Bitcoin Mediawiki BIP-44 Contributors. Multi-Account Hierarchy for Deterministic Wallets, 2014. URL https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip0044.mediawiki. (accessed: 19.02.2020).
  • Wouter de Boer. Power Analysis of the Ledger NanoS, 2018.
  • Yasir Emre Bulut. Secure Hardware Cryptocurrency Wallet within Common Criteria Framework. Master’s thesis, İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi, 2019.
  • Ahmet USTA. Paranın Serüveni-Kripto Paraların Öncesi ve Sonrası, 2018.
  • D Karayew. The history of credit cards. PhD thesis, SSU Publishing House, 2012.
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Adil Tanrıkulu 0000-0003-1586-0321

Hüseyin Yüce 0000-0001-5525-7733

Ercan Ölçer 0000-0003-3786-6230

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tanrıkulu, A., Yüce, H., & Ölçer, E. (2021). Blokzincir Tabanlı Donanımsal Cüzdan ve Akıllı Kartlar. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Science, 4(1), 37-48.