POMPEİOPOLİS’TE BULUNAN DOMUS’UN GEÇ ANTİK ÇAĞ VE BİZANS DÖNEMİ EVRELERİNDEN ELDE EDİLEN MAKROBOTANİK KALINTILARIN ÖN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Yıl 2022,
Sayı: 48, 181 - 203, 22.12.2022
Mustafa Tatbul
,
Tayyar Gürdal
Öz
Pompeiopolis’te gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik kazılar Domus kompleksinin 3.yüzyılın ikinci yarısında inşa edilmesinden, 11.-12.yüzyılın sonrasında terkedilmesine kadar geçen zaman içinde Geç Antik Çağ – Erken Bizans – Geçiş Dönemi (Karanlık Çağ) ve Orta Bizans dönemlerindeki dönüşümü hakkında önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. 2021 kazı sezonunda bu konutsal alanın çok dönemli iskanını temsil eden 32 flotasyon örneği incelenmiştir. Bu makalede flotasyon örneklerinden ayrıştırılmış olan makrobotanik kalıntılar analiz edilmiş, Domus kompleksinin farklı dönemlerini temsil eden örneklerden elde edilen sonuçlar bağlamlarıyla ilişkili olarak tartışılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Bending – Colledge 2007 J. Bending – S. Colledge, “The Archaeobotanical Assemblages”, in: N. Postgate – D. Thomas (eds.) Excavations at Kilise Tepe 1994-98 from Bronze Age to Byzantine in Western Cilicia 1 (Text), BIAA Monograph (London 2007) 583-596.
- Böhlendorf-Arslan 2017 B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, “Boğazköy”, in: P. Niewöhner (ed.) The Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia: From the End of Late Antiquity until the Coming of the Turks (New York 2017) 361-367.
- Brizzi et al. 2021 M. Brizzi – G. Ricci – A. Abate, Final Report of the 13th Campaign of Archaeological Investigations at Area V, Zımbıllıtepe, Pompeiopolis (Unpublished Excavation Report 2021).
- Brubaker – Haldon 2011 L. Brubaker – J. Haldon, Byzantium in the iconoclast era c.680-850: a history (Cambridge 2011).
- Cassis 2009 M. Cassis, “Çadır Höyük: A Rural Settlement in Byzantine Anatolia”, in: T. Vorderstrasse – J. Roodenberg (eds.) Archaeology of the Countryside in Medieval Anatolia, Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten (Leiden2009) 1-24.
- Cassis et al. 2019 M. Cassis – A. J. Lauricella – K. Tardio – M. von Baeyer – S. Coleman – S. E. Adcock – B. S. Arbuckle – A. Smith, “Regional Patterns of Transition at Çadır Höyük in the Byzantine Period”, Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 7 (3): 321–349.
- Cappers – Bekker 2013 R. T. J. Cappers – R. M. Bekker, A Manual for the Identification of Plant Seeds and Fruits (Groningen 2013).
- De Cupere et al. 2017 B. De Cupere – D. Fremondeau – E. Kaptijn – E. Marinova – J. Poblome – R. Vandam – W. Van Neer, “Subsistence economy and land use strategies in the Burdur province (SW Anatolia) from prehistory to the Byzantine period”, Quaternary International 436 (B), 2017, 4-17.
- Decker 2016 J. M. Decker, The Byzantine Dark Ages (London 2016).
- Erciyas 2019 D. B. Erciyas, “Archaeology at Komana” in: D. B. Erciyas – M. Acara Eser (eds.) Komana Small Finds, Settlement Archaeology Series 7. Monography 2, (Istanbul2019) 1-46.
- Giorgi 2012 J. A. Giorgi, “The Plant Remains”, in: C. S. Lightfoot – E. A. Ivison (eds.) Amorium Reports 3: The Lower City Enclosure: Finds Reports and Technical Studies (Istanbul 2012) 395418.
- Haldon 2010 J. F. Haldon, The Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine History (New York 2010).
- Haldon 2018 J. Haldon, “Euchaïta: From Late Roman and Byzantine Town to Ottoman Village”, in: J. Haldon – H. Elton – J. Newhard (eds.) Archaeology and Urban Settlement in Late Roman and Byzantine Anatolia: Euchaïta-Avkat-Beyözü and its Environment (Cambridge 2018) 210-254.
- Haldon et al. 2014 J. Haldon – N. Roberts – A. Izdebski – D. Fleitmann – M. McCormick – M. Cassis – O. Doonan – W. Eastwood –H. Elton – S. Ladstatter – S. Manning – J. Newhard – K. Nicoll – I. Telelis – E. Xoplaki, “The Climate and Environment of Byzantine Anatolia: Integrating Science, History, and Archaeology”, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 45, 2014, 113–161.
- Harrison – Christie 1993 R. M. Harrison – N. Christie et al., “Excavations at Amorium: 1992 Interim Report”, Anatolian Studies 43, 1993, 147-162.
- Harvey 2008 A. Harvey, “The Village”, in: E. Jeffreys, – J. Haldon – R. Cormack (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (New York 2008) 328-334.
- Helbaek 1961 H. Helbaek, “Late Bronze Age and Byzantine Crops at Beycesultan in Anatolia”, Anatolian Studies 11, 1961, 77-97.
- Holmes 2008 C. Holmes, “Political-Historical Survey, 800-1204”, in: E. Jeffreys, – J. Haldon – R. Cormack (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (New York 2008) 264-279.
- Izdebski 2012 A. Izdebski, “The Changing Landscapes of Byzantine Northern Anatolia”, Archaeologia Bulgarica 16:1, 2012, 47-66.
- Jacomet 2006 S. Jacomet, Identification of Cereal Remains from Archaeological Sites (Basel 2006).
- Musso et al. 2011 L. Musso – G. Bertolotto – M. Brizzi – B. E. Westwood, “L’ediicio abitativo alle pendici orientali dello Zımbıllı Tepe”, in: L. Summerer (ed.) Pompeiopolis I. Eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach Fünf Kampagnen (2006 – 2010) (Beier & Beran 2011) 75-120.
- Neef et al. 2012 R. Neef – R. T. J. Cappers – R. M. Bekker, Digital Atlas of Economic Plants in Archaeology (Groningen 2012).
- Pişkin – Tatbul 2015 E. Pişkin – M. N. Tatbul, “Archaeobotany at Komana: Byzantine Plant Use at a Rural Cornucopia”, in: D. B. Erciyas – M. N. Tatbul (eds.) Komana Ortaçağ Yerleşimi / The Medieval Settlement at Komana, Settlement Archaeology Series 5, Monography 1 (Istanbul 2015) 139-166.
- Ramsay – Eger 2015 J. Ramsay – A. A. Eger, “Analysis of Archaeobotanical Material from the Tüpraş Field Project of the Kinet Höyük Excavations, Turkey”, Journal of Islamic Archaeology 2.1, 2015, 35-50.
- Roberts et al. 2018 N. Roberts – M. Cassis – O. Doonan – W. Eastwood – H. Elton – J. Haldon – A. Izdebski – J. Newhard, “Not the End of the World? Post-Classical Decline and Recovery in Rural Anatolia”, Human Ecology 46:3, 2018, 302-322.
- Saradi 2006 H. Saradi, The Byzantine City in the Sixth Century: Literary Images and Historical Reality, Society of Messenian Archaeological Studies (Athens 2006).
- Smith 2007 A. Smith, “Plant use at Çadırhöyük, Central Anatolia”, Anatolica 33, 2007, 169-184.
- Summerer 2018 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis (Paflagonya) 2016 Yılı Kazı Sonuçları”, KST 39:2, 2018, 205-228.
- Summerer 2017 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis (Paflagonya) 2015 Yılı Çalışmaları”, KST 38:2, 2017, 455-466.
- Summerer 2016 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis (Paflagonya) 2014 Çalışmaları”, KST 37:2, 2016, 143-156.
- Summerer 2014 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis 2012 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 35:2, 2014, 197-203.
- Summerer 2013 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis 2011 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 34:3, 2013, 289-296.
- Summerer 2012 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis 2010 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 33:2, 2012, 337-352.
- Summerer 2008 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis (Paflagonya) 2006 Yılı Çalışmaları”, KST 29:2, 2008, 243–264.
- Summerer – Çevik 2015 L. Summerer – F. Çevik, “Pompeiopolis 2013 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 36:2, 2015, 191-208.
- Summerer – von Kienlin 2009 L. Summerer – A. von Kienlin, “Pompeiopolis 2007 yılı çalışmaları”, KST 30:3, 2009, 77–90.
- Summerer – von Kienlin 2013 L. Summerer – A. von Kienlin, “Pompeiopolis. The Metropolis of Paphlagonia”, in: H. Bru – G. Labarre (eds.) L'Anatolie des peuples, des cités et des cultures (IIe millénaire av. J.-C. – Ve siècle ap. J.-C.), Colloque international de Besançon - 26-27 novembre 2010, Volume 2, Approches locales et régionales, Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité ( Besançon 2013) 115-126.
- Summerer et al. 2010 L. Summerer – A. von Kienlin – G. Herdt, “Pompeiopolis 2008 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları” KST 31:1, 2010, 421-440.
- Tatbul 2021 M. N. Tatbul, “Abandonment, Continuity, Transformation: Setting Komana into Archaeological Context through the Middle Byzantine and Early Turkish Periods”, Adalya 24, 2021, 325-353.
- Whittow 2008 M. Whittow, “The Middle Byzantine Economy (600-1204)”, in: E. Jeffreys, – J. Haldon – R. Cormack (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (New York 2008) 465-492.
- Xoplaki et al. 2016 E. Xoplaki – D. Fleitmann – J. Luterbacher – S. Wagner – J. F. Haldon – E. Z. I. Telelis – A. Toreti – A. Izdebski, “The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Byzantium: A review of the evidence on climatic fluctuations, economic performance, and societal change”, Quaternary Science Reviews 136, 2016, 229-252.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE MACROBOTANICAL REMAINS FROM THE LATE ANTIQUE AND BYZANTINE PHASES OF THE DOMUS AT POMPEIOPOLIS
Yıl 2022,
Sayı: 48, 181 - 203, 22.12.2022
Mustafa Tatbul
,
Tayyar Gürdal
Öz
Archaeological excavations of the Domus complex at Pompeiopolis reveal significant information about the evolution of the settlement beginning from its foundation in the second half of the 3rd c., its transformation through the Late Antiquity - Early Byzantine – Transition Period (Dark Ages) and the Middle Byzantine phase of the complex before its abandonment sometime after the 11th-12th c. In the 2021 excavation season, 32 flotation samples were processed representing the multi-period occupation of the domestic complex. In this paper, macrobotanical materials recovered from the flotation samples are analyzed. The results are discussed in relation to the sample contexts representing different phases of the Domus.
Kaynakça
- Bending – Colledge 2007 J. Bending – S. Colledge, “The Archaeobotanical Assemblages”, in: N. Postgate – D. Thomas (eds.) Excavations at Kilise Tepe 1994-98 from Bronze Age to Byzantine in Western Cilicia 1 (Text), BIAA Monograph (London 2007) 583-596.
- Böhlendorf-Arslan 2017 B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, “Boğazköy”, in: P. Niewöhner (ed.) The Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia: From the End of Late Antiquity until the Coming of the Turks (New York 2017) 361-367.
- Brizzi et al. 2021 M. Brizzi – G. Ricci – A. Abate, Final Report of the 13th Campaign of Archaeological Investigations at Area V, Zımbıllıtepe, Pompeiopolis (Unpublished Excavation Report 2021).
- Brubaker – Haldon 2011 L. Brubaker – J. Haldon, Byzantium in the iconoclast era c.680-850: a history (Cambridge 2011).
- Cassis 2009 M. Cassis, “Çadır Höyük: A Rural Settlement in Byzantine Anatolia”, in: T. Vorderstrasse – J. Roodenberg (eds.) Archaeology of the Countryside in Medieval Anatolia, Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten (Leiden2009) 1-24.
- Cassis et al. 2019 M. Cassis – A. J. Lauricella – K. Tardio – M. von Baeyer – S. Coleman – S. E. Adcock – B. S. Arbuckle – A. Smith, “Regional Patterns of Transition at Çadır Höyük in the Byzantine Period”, Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 7 (3): 321–349.
- Cappers – Bekker 2013 R. T. J. Cappers – R. M. Bekker, A Manual for the Identification of Plant Seeds and Fruits (Groningen 2013).
- De Cupere et al. 2017 B. De Cupere – D. Fremondeau – E. Kaptijn – E. Marinova – J. Poblome – R. Vandam – W. Van Neer, “Subsistence economy and land use strategies in the Burdur province (SW Anatolia) from prehistory to the Byzantine period”, Quaternary International 436 (B), 2017, 4-17.
- Decker 2016 J. M. Decker, The Byzantine Dark Ages (London 2016).
- Erciyas 2019 D. B. Erciyas, “Archaeology at Komana” in: D. B. Erciyas – M. Acara Eser (eds.) Komana Small Finds, Settlement Archaeology Series 7. Monography 2, (Istanbul2019) 1-46.
- Giorgi 2012 J. A. Giorgi, “The Plant Remains”, in: C. S. Lightfoot – E. A. Ivison (eds.) Amorium Reports 3: The Lower City Enclosure: Finds Reports and Technical Studies (Istanbul 2012) 395418.
- Haldon 2010 J. F. Haldon, The Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine History (New York 2010).
- Haldon 2018 J. Haldon, “Euchaïta: From Late Roman and Byzantine Town to Ottoman Village”, in: J. Haldon – H. Elton – J. Newhard (eds.) Archaeology and Urban Settlement in Late Roman and Byzantine Anatolia: Euchaïta-Avkat-Beyözü and its Environment (Cambridge 2018) 210-254.
- Haldon et al. 2014 J. Haldon – N. Roberts – A. Izdebski – D. Fleitmann – M. McCormick – M. Cassis – O. Doonan – W. Eastwood –H. Elton – S. Ladstatter – S. Manning – J. Newhard – K. Nicoll – I. Telelis – E. Xoplaki, “The Climate and Environment of Byzantine Anatolia: Integrating Science, History, and Archaeology”, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 45, 2014, 113–161.
- Harrison – Christie 1993 R. M. Harrison – N. Christie et al., “Excavations at Amorium: 1992 Interim Report”, Anatolian Studies 43, 1993, 147-162.
- Harvey 2008 A. Harvey, “The Village”, in: E. Jeffreys, – J. Haldon – R. Cormack (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (New York 2008) 328-334.
- Helbaek 1961 H. Helbaek, “Late Bronze Age and Byzantine Crops at Beycesultan in Anatolia”, Anatolian Studies 11, 1961, 77-97.
- Holmes 2008 C. Holmes, “Political-Historical Survey, 800-1204”, in: E. Jeffreys, – J. Haldon – R. Cormack (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (New York 2008) 264-279.
- Izdebski 2012 A. Izdebski, “The Changing Landscapes of Byzantine Northern Anatolia”, Archaeologia Bulgarica 16:1, 2012, 47-66.
- Jacomet 2006 S. Jacomet, Identification of Cereal Remains from Archaeological Sites (Basel 2006).
- Musso et al. 2011 L. Musso – G. Bertolotto – M. Brizzi – B. E. Westwood, “L’ediicio abitativo alle pendici orientali dello Zımbıllı Tepe”, in: L. Summerer (ed.) Pompeiopolis I. Eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach Fünf Kampagnen (2006 – 2010) (Beier & Beran 2011) 75-120.
- Neef et al. 2012 R. Neef – R. T. J. Cappers – R. M. Bekker, Digital Atlas of Economic Plants in Archaeology (Groningen 2012).
- Pişkin – Tatbul 2015 E. Pişkin – M. N. Tatbul, “Archaeobotany at Komana: Byzantine Plant Use at a Rural Cornucopia”, in: D. B. Erciyas – M. N. Tatbul (eds.) Komana Ortaçağ Yerleşimi / The Medieval Settlement at Komana, Settlement Archaeology Series 5, Monography 1 (Istanbul 2015) 139-166.
- Ramsay – Eger 2015 J. Ramsay – A. A. Eger, “Analysis of Archaeobotanical Material from the Tüpraş Field Project of the Kinet Höyük Excavations, Turkey”, Journal of Islamic Archaeology 2.1, 2015, 35-50.
- Roberts et al. 2018 N. Roberts – M. Cassis – O. Doonan – W. Eastwood – H. Elton – J. Haldon – A. Izdebski – J. Newhard, “Not the End of the World? Post-Classical Decline and Recovery in Rural Anatolia”, Human Ecology 46:3, 2018, 302-322.
- Saradi 2006 H. Saradi, The Byzantine City in the Sixth Century: Literary Images and Historical Reality, Society of Messenian Archaeological Studies (Athens 2006).
- Smith 2007 A. Smith, “Plant use at Çadırhöyük, Central Anatolia”, Anatolica 33, 2007, 169-184.
- Summerer 2018 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis (Paflagonya) 2016 Yılı Kazı Sonuçları”, KST 39:2, 2018, 205-228.
- Summerer 2017 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis (Paflagonya) 2015 Yılı Çalışmaları”, KST 38:2, 2017, 455-466.
- Summerer 2016 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis (Paflagonya) 2014 Çalışmaları”, KST 37:2, 2016, 143-156.
- Summerer 2014 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis 2012 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 35:2, 2014, 197-203.
- Summerer 2013 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis 2011 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 34:3, 2013, 289-296.
- Summerer 2012 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis 2010 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 33:2, 2012, 337-352.
- Summerer 2008 L. Summerer, “Pompeiopolis (Paflagonya) 2006 Yılı Çalışmaları”, KST 29:2, 2008, 243–264.
- Summerer – Çevik 2015 L. Summerer – F. Çevik, “Pompeiopolis 2013 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları”, KST 36:2, 2015, 191-208.
- Summerer – von Kienlin 2009 L. Summerer – A. von Kienlin, “Pompeiopolis 2007 yılı çalışmaları”, KST 30:3, 2009, 77–90.
- Summerer – von Kienlin 2013 L. Summerer – A. von Kienlin, “Pompeiopolis. The Metropolis of Paphlagonia”, in: H. Bru – G. Labarre (eds.) L'Anatolie des peuples, des cités et des cultures (IIe millénaire av. J.-C. – Ve siècle ap. J.-C.), Colloque international de Besançon - 26-27 novembre 2010, Volume 2, Approches locales et régionales, Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité ( Besançon 2013) 115-126.
- Summerer et al. 2010 L. Summerer – A. von Kienlin – G. Herdt, “Pompeiopolis 2008 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları” KST 31:1, 2010, 421-440.
- Tatbul 2021 M. N. Tatbul, “Abandonment, Continuity, Transformation: Setting Komana into Archaeological Context through the Middle Byzantine and Early Turkish Periods”, Adalya 24, 2021, 325-353.
- Whittow 2008 M. Whittow, “The Middle Byzantine Economy (600-1204)”, in: E. Jeffreys, – J. Haldon – R. Cormack (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (New York 2008) 465-492.
- Xoplaki et al. 2016 E. Xoplaki – D. Fleitmann – J. Luterbacher – S. Wagner – J. F. Haldon – E. Z. I. Telelis – A. Toreti – A. Izdebski, “The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Byzantium: A review of the evidence on climatic fluctuations, economic performance, and societal change”, Quaternary Science Reviews 136, 2016, 229-252.