Feminist Kristoloji Bağlamında Yeni Ahit Metinlerindeki Kadınların Konumu ve Rolü

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 190 - 208, 27.12.2019

İlbey Dölek

Öz

Kristoloji, İsa Mesih’in kişiliğini, tabiatını ve mesajını
doktrinel anlamda inceleyen teoloji disiplinidir. Çağdaş dönemde feminist
kristoloji Yeni Ahit’te Tanrı imajının erkek “Baba” olmasından hareketle
tanrının eril yorumuna “Tanrı, neden daima erkek olmak zorundadır?” şeklinde
bir eleştiri getirir. Şüphesiz İsa Mesih’in yakın çevresinde kadınlar da yer
almıştır. Yeni Ahit metinlerinde ismi geçen kadınlar arasında öncelikle İsa
Mesih’in annesi Meryem ve Mecdelli (Magdalalı) Meryem gelmektedir. Ancak, Yeni
Ahit metinlerinde bahsedilen kadınlar bunlarla sınırlı değildir. İsa’nın yakın
çevresinde olan ve hizmetkârlar olarak da anılan kadınlar İsa’nın tebliğ
faaliyeti boyunca onun hep yanında olmuşlardır. Çünkü İsa, kadın erkek
ayırmaksızın toplumun her kesiminden kişilerle konuşarak, yemek yiyerek ve
gezerek zaman geçirmekteydi. İncillere göre; çarmıh sonrası İsa’nın mezarını
ziyarete giden ve mezarın boş olduğunu görenler kadınlardır. İsa’nın havari
olarak seçtiği on iki kişi arasında kadın bulunmaması, Katolik Kilise’nin
kadınları dışlayıcı tavrı ve Ortaçağ Avrupası'nda kadınların yakılmasına varan
düşmanca eylemler modern çağda feminist teolojinin ortaya çıkışını
hızlandırmıştır. Hristiyan teolojisinin kadını asli günahın bir parçası ve
kötülüğün kaynağı olarak görmesi, liberal teologlar ve feministler tarafından
eleştirilmesine neden olmuştur. Özellikle 1960’larda artan feminist
hareketlerin etkisinde feminist kristoloji ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Yeni
Ahit metinlerinde ismi geçen kadınların kimler olduğu, İsa Mesih’in tebliğ
faaliyetinde kadınların üstlendiği roller ve İsa’nın kadınlara olan yaklaşımı
feminist kristoloji bağlamında incelenecektir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Feminizm, Kristoloji, Yeni Ahit, İsa Mesih, kadın

The Role and the Status of Women in New Testament Texts in the Context of Feminist Christology

Öz

Christology is the discipline of theology that examines the personality,
nature and message of Jesus Christ in a doctrinal sense. The feminist Christology
in the modern era, based on the fact that the image of God in the New Testament
is the male "father", brings a criticism of the masculine
interpretation of God as "God must not always be a man?" There is no
doubt that women were also in the immediate vicinity of Jesus Christ. Among the
women mentioned in the New Testament texts are Virgin Mary who the mother of Jesus
Christ and Mary Magdalene. However, women mentioned in the New Testament texts
are not limited to these. The women who were in the close vicinity of Jesus and
who were the servants are always in favor of Jesus throughout the course of his
activities. Because Jesus was talking to people from all walks of society,
eating without separating women. In fact, according to the gospels, Jesus was
the first witnesses of the empty tomb three days after the crucifixion.
However, the lack of women among the twelve whom Jesus had chosen as the
apostle, the attitude of the Catholic Church to the outside of women, and the
hostile attitude to the burning of women in Medieval Europe led to feminist
movements in modern times. Moreover, Christian theology were criticized by
liberal theologians and feminists because of women were part of the original
sin and the source of evil. Feminist Christology emerged in theology as a
result of the feminist movements in the 1960s. In this study, the roles of
women in the New Testament texts, the status of women in the communication
activity and historical life of Jesus Christ, and the approach of Jesus towards
women will be examined in the context of feminist Christology. In this study, where we
examine both the positions and roles of women in the New Testament, women have
important roles in Jesus' activities in the Galilee region and in Jerusalem.
First of all, In the Jewish tradition,
where masculinity is an honor and femininity is a shame, the fact that Jesus
communicates, heals, and allows twelve apostles of men to travel, regardless of
whether or not Jesus is Jewish is contrary to the sexist approach in the
current Jewish tradition. Secondly, the miraculous birth of Jesus 'mother,
Mary, is one of the most faithful followers of Mary Magdalene, and is the first
witness after the resurrection to deliver Jesus' message to the apostles (John
20:18). It is valuable and
meaningful for feminist theology that women both serve in the service of the
church like men in the example of Mary Magdalene and engage in worldly works in
the case of Lazar's sister Marta. Because, for feminist theology, a free woman
who expresses herself as an indicator that women are not excluded is the
desired goal. It is an indication that Jesus has an understanding that
glorifies women, both in addressing women in communal activities and in an
inclusive approach that is far from a sexist attitude in their social
relations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Feminism, Christology, New Testament, Jesus Christ, Woman

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