3 boyutlu tarayıcı kullanarak yetişkin erkek ayak biçimi analizi
Yıl 2022,
, 10 - 21, 30.06.2022
Deniz Leblebici Başar
,
İlker Akgün
Öz
Bu çalışma, Türkiye insanı ayak antropometrik özelliklerini tespit etmek ve Türk Ayak Numaralandırma Sistemini oluşturmak için 3B görüntüleme teknikleri ile yürütülen öncü bir araştırmanın, 42 numara erkek ayak veri analizinin sonuçlarını sunmaktadır. 15-77 yaş aralığında erkek ayağının sağ ve sol 11 boyutta (toplam 22 adet) antropometrik verileri, %95 güven aralığında %5 doğruluk için gerekli 240 örneklem büyüklüğünde incelenmiştir. Ayak topuk genişliği ve çevresi, ayak konturpiye çevresi ve ayak kısa topuk çevresi değişkenleri etkisiyle sağ ve sol ayakta bu boyutlarda farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. 11 boyuttaki orta değer verileri, uluslararası veri tabanları ve Mondopoint numaralandırma sistemi ile karşılaştırıldığında, özellikle genişlik boyutlarında standartların üzerindedir. Bulgular, Türkiye’de yaşayan insanlara özel numaralandırma siteminin gerekliğini hem toplum sağlığı hem de ekonomik açıdan önemini bir kez daha vurgular niteliktedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
İstabul Teknik Üniversitesi, LC WAIKIKI Mağazacılık Hizm. Tic. A.Ş., Marmara Üniversitesi
Proje Numarası
İTÜ ARI TEKNOKENT AR-GE Destek Programı, 58605 BSTB
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma İTÜNOVA TEKNOLOJİ A.Ş. ARI TEKNOKENT AR-GE Destek Programı kapsamında LC WAIKIKI Mağazacılık Hizm. Tic. A.Ş. iş birliği ile 58605 BSTB kodlu proje kapsamında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma kapsamında ayak ham ölçüm verileri ticarî içerik gereği erişime açık değildir. Analiz edilmiş betimsel veri sorumlu yazardan talep edilebilir.
Kaynakça
- Adıgüzel, E., Zencir, M., Yıldırım, M., ve Gümüşburun, E. (2003) Pamukkale üniversitesine başvuran öğrencilerde ayağın morfometrik özellikleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 8, 15-19.
- Akçakale, N. (2017). 18-23 yaş genç erkeklerin ayak ölçülerinin ayakkabı tasarımında kullanılan ölçüler ile karşılaştırılması. Technological Applied Sciences, 12(1), 1-8. http://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2017.12.1.2A0106
- Aktaş, N. (1991). Yetişkin türk kadın ve erkeklerinde ayak yapısının plantogramla incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Trakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Edirne.
- Baba, K. (1975). Foot measurement for shoe construction with reference to the relationship between foot length, foot breadth and ball girth. Journal of Human Ergology, 3(2), 149-156. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhe1972/3/2/3_2_149/_pdf/
- Baek, S.Y., ve Lee, K, (2016). Statistical foot-shape analysis for mass-customization of footwear. International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, 8(1-2) 80-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCAET.2016.073265
- Cavanagh, P. R. (1980). The Running Shoe Book. Anderson World.
- Cavanagh, P. R., Morag, E., Boulton, A. J. M., Young, M. J., Deffner, K. T., ve Pammer, S. E. (1997). The relationship of statistic foot structure to dynamic foot function. Journal of Biomechanics, 30(3), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(96)00136-4
- Cheng, J., Leung, S., Leung, A., Guo, X., Sher, A., ve Mak, A. (1997). Change of foot size with weightbearing: a study of 2829 children 3 to 18 years of age. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 342, 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199709000-00019
- Cheng, F. T., ve Perng, D. B. (2000). A systematic approach for developing a foot size information system for shoe last design. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 25(2), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(98)00098-5
- Cheskin, M. P. (1987). The complete handbook of athletic footwear. Fairchild Publications.
- Doğancı, Ö. I. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde ayak ölçüleri ve plantogram ile ayak yapısının araştırılması [Yayımlanmamış uzmanlık tezi]. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12831/3845
- Domjanic, J., Fieder, M., Seidler, H., ve Mitteroecker, P. (2013). Geometric morphometric footprint analysis of young women. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 6, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-6-27
- Goonetilleke, R. S., ve Luximon, A. (1999). Foot flare and foot axis. Human Factors, 41(4) 596-607. https://doi.org/10.1518%2F001872099779656761
- Güleç, E., Akın, G., Sağır, M., Koca Özer, B., Gültekin, T., ve Bektaş. Y., (2009). Anadolu insanı antropometrik boyutları: 2005 yılı Türkiye antropometri anketi. DTCF Dergisi, 49(2), 187-201. https://doi.org/10.1501/Dtcfder_0000001211
- Herbaut, A., Foissac, M., Jurca, A., ve Gueguen, N. (2016). Determination of optimal shoe dimensions for occasional and regular tennis players. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 230(3), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337115598678
- Hawes, M. R., Sovak, D., Miyashita, M., Kang, S. J., Yoshihuku, Y., ve Tanaka. S. (2007). Ethnic differences in forefoot shape and the determination of shoe comfort. Ergonomics, 37(1), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139408963637
- Hong, Y., Wang, L., Xu, D. Q., ve Li, J. X. (2011). Gender differences in foot shape: a study of chinese young adults. Sports Biomechanics, 10(2), 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2011.569567
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2015). Footwear – Sizing – Conversion of sizing systems (ISO Standard No. 19407:2015). https://www.iso.org/standard/62349.html
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2012). General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases (ISO Standard No. 15535:2012). https://www.iso.org/standard/57179.html
- Jurca, A., Kolsek, T., ve Vidic, T. (2010). Dorothy mass foot measurement campaign. N. D’Apuzzo (Ed.) içinde, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland (s. 338-344). Hometrica Consulting. https://doi.org/10.15221/10.338
- Jurca, A., Žabkar, J., ve Džeroski, S. (2019). Analysis of 1.2 million foot scans from North America, Europe and Asia. Nature Scientific Reports, 9, 19155. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55432-z
- Karavana, H. A. (2008). Türkiye’de 12-17 yaş grubu genç erkeklerde ayak ölçülerinin belirlenmesi ve standardizasyonu üzerine araştırmalar [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
- Kağnıcıoğlu, C. H., ve Altay, E. (2013). Türkiye’de ayakkabı tasarımında kullanılan ölçüler ile Türk insanının antropometrik ayak ölçülerinin karşılaştırılması: 0-3 yaş bireyler üzerinden bir analiz. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 77-85.
- Kastan, C. (2009). Ayakkabı kalıbı ölçü sistemleri: Fransız ölçü sistemi. Anadolu Bil Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, (13), 3-16. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/abmyoder/issue/46435/583396
- Kouchi, M. (1998). Foot dimensions and foot shape: Differences due to growth, generation and ethnic origin. Anthropological Science, 106(Supplement), 161-188. https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.106.Supplement_161
- Krauss, I., Grau, S., Mauch, M., Maiwald, C., ve Horstmann, T. (2008). Sex-related differences in foot shape. Ergonomics, 51(11), 1693-1709. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130802376026
- Krauss, I., Valiant, G., Horstmann, T., ve Grau, S. (2010). Comparison of female foot morphology and last design in athletic footwear: Are men’s lasts appropriate for women? Research in Sports Medicine, 18(2), 140-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438621003627216
- Krauss, I., Langbein, C., Horstmann, T., ve Grau, S. (2011). Sex-related differences in foot shape of adult caucasians: a follow-up study focusing on long and short feet. Ergonomics, 54(3), 294-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2010.547605
- Lee, Y-C., Lin, G., ve Wang, M-J. (2014). Comparing 3D foot scanning with conventional measurement methods. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 7, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-014-0044-7
- Lee, Y-C., ve Wang, M-J. (2015). Taiwanese adult foot shape classification using 3D scanning data. Ergonomics, 58(3), 513-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.974683
- Luo, G. Houston, V. L., Mussman, M., Garbarini, M., Beattie, A. C., ve Thongpop, C. (2009). Comparison of male and female foot shape. Journal of American Podiatric Medical Association, 99(5), 383-390. https://doi.org/10.7547/0990383
- Luximon, A. (2013). Handbook of footwear design and manufacture. Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098795
- Luximon, A., Zhang, Y. F., Luximon, Y. ve Ma, X. (2012). Sizing and grading for wearable products. Computer-Aided Design, 44(1), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2011.07.004
- Luximon, A., Goonetilleke, R. S. , ve Tsui, K. L. (2003). Foot landmarking for footwear customization. Ergonomics, 46(4), 364-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/0014013021000045225
- Luximon, A, ve Goonetilleke, R. S. (2004). Foot shape modeling. Human Factors, 46(2), 304-315. https://doi.org/10.1518%2Fhfes.46.2.304.37346
- Matthews, J. G. (1998). The developmental anatomy of the foot. The Foot, 8(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-2592(98)90015-3
- Mickle, K. J., Munro, B. J., Lord, S. R., Menz, H. B., ve Steele, J. R. (2010). Foot shape of older people: Implications for shoe design. Footwear Science, 2(3), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2010.487053
- Mills, K., Blanch. P. , ve Vicenzino B. (2010). Identifying clinically meaningful tools for measuring comfort perception of footwear. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(10), 1966-1971. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181dbacc8
- Mochimaru, M., Kouchi, M., ve Dohi, M. (2000). Analysis of 3-D human foot forms using the Free Form Deformation method and its application in grading shoe lasts. Ergonomics, 43(9), 1301-1313. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300421752
- Nácher, B., Alemany, S., González, J. C., Alcántara, E., García-Hernánde, J., Heras, S., ve Juan, A. (2006). A footwear fit classification model based on anthropometric data. SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-2356. https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-2356
- Naskali, E. G. (2003). Ayakkabı kitabı. Çalış Ofset.
- Ocak, B., ve Gülümser, G. (2009). 7-14 yaş grubu genç erkek çocukların ayak ölçülerinin standardizasyonu. Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon, 19(2), 157-162. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tekstilvekonfeksiyon/issue/23634/251723
- Pheasant, S. (2003). Bodyspace: Anthropometry, ergonomics and the design of work. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272420
- Rodrigo, A. S., Goonetilleke, R. S., ve Witana, C. P. (2012). Model based foot shape classification using 2D foot outlines. Computer-Aided Design, 44(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2011.01.005
- Rossi, W. A., ve Tennant, R. (1984). Professional shoe fitting. National Shoe Retailers Association for the Professional Shoe Fitters Society.
- Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE) (1998). Ayakkabı numaralandırma sistemi (TS 5553). https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073088065086072100082050088113080070
- Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE) (2001). Ayakkabı ölçüleri-ölçülendirme ve işaretleme– Mondpoint sistemi (TS ISO 9407). https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073097055109098121071085110067052066
- Tsung, B. Y. S., Zhang, M., Fan, Y. B., ve Boone, D. A. (2003). Quantitative comparison of plantar foot shapes under three weighting-bearing conditions. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 40(6), 517-526. https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2003.11.0517
- Volumental AB, Stockholm, Sweden (2017). Accuracy of the Volumental Foot Scanner Report. https://volumental.com/volumental-retail-scanner
- Witana, C. P., Xiong, S., Zhao, J., ve Goonetilleke, R. S. (2006). Foot measurements from 3D scans: A comparison and evaluation of different methods. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 36(9), 789-807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2006.06.004
- Witana, C. P., Feng, J., ve Goonetilleke, R. S. (2004). Dimensional differences for evaluating the quality of footwear fit. Ergonomics, 47(12), 1301-1317. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130410001712645
- Wunderlich, R. E., ve Cavanagh, P. R. (2001). Gender differences in adult foot shape: implications for shoe design. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(4), 605-611. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200104000-00015
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- Xiong, S., Goonetilleke, R. S., Witana, C. P., ve Au, E. Y. L. (2008). Modelling foot height and foot shape-related dimensions. Ergonomics, 51(8), 1272-1289. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130801996147
- Xiong. S., Zhao, J., Jiang, Z. , ve Dong, M. (2009). A computer-aided design system for foot-feature based shoe last customization. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 46, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-2087-7
- Xiong, S., ve Zhao, J. (2013). Foot models and measurements. A. Luximon (Ed.) içinde, Handbook of Footwear Design and Manufacture (s. 72-89). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098795.1.72
- Yıldırım, M. (1986). Yetişkin Türk kadın ve erkeklerinde ayak (pes) ölçüleri. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 45-58. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bmj/issue/3716/49173
- Yorulmaz, F., Turut, M., Taşkınalp, O., Aktaş, N., ve Kutoğlu, T. (1995). Yetişkin 1038 Türk insanında bazı ayak ölçüleri ve ayak parmak formülü. Trakya Üni. Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1-2-3), 61-63. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bmj/issue/3724/49505
- Zhao, J., Xiong, S., Bu, Y., ve Goonetilleke, R. S. (2008). Computerized girth determination for custom footwear manufacture. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 54(3), 359-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2007.07.015
Adult male foot shape analysis using 3D scanner
Yıl 2022,
, 10 - 21, 30.06.2022
Deniz Leblebici Başar
,
İlker Akgün
Öz
Current study presents 42 size men’s foot measures data analysis, the preliminary findings of a comprehensive pioneering research to establish Turkish Foot Anthropometric database and Turkish System of Foot Sizing. 11 right and left foot measures (22 in total) of 240 male feet, age ranging from 15 to 77 years were used in a sample size for 5 % accuracy at 95 % confidence interval. It has been observed that there are significant differences between the right and left feet for the measures of ball width, foot girth, instep girth and short heel girth variables. When the median value data in 11 dimensions is compared to international foot measure databases and Mondopoint foot sizing system, especially the width dimensions are higher than the standards. Findings once again emphasizes the necessity of standardizing anthropometric data and sizing system specific to Turkish people, both in terms of public health and economics.
Proje Numarası
İTÜ ARI TEKNOKENT AR-GE Destek Programı, 58605 BSTB
Kaynakça
- Adıgüzel, E., Zencir, M., Yıldırım, M., ve Gümüşburun, E. (2003) Pamukkale üniversitesine başvuran öğrencilerde ayağın morfometrik özellikleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 8, 15-19.
- Akçakale, N. (2017). 18-23 yaş genç erkeklerin ayak ölçülerinin ayakkabı tasarımında kullanılan ölçüler ile karşılaştırılması. Technological Applied Sciences, 12(1), 1-8. http://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2017.12.1.2A0106
- Aktaş, N. (1991). Yetişkin türk kadın ve erkeklerinde ayak yapısının plantogramla incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Trakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Edirne.
- Baba, K. (1975). Foot measurement for shoe construction with reference to the relationship between foot length, foot breadth and ball girth. Journal of Human Ergology, 3(2), 149-156. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhe1972/3/2/3_2_149/_pdf/
- Baek, S.Y., ve Lee, K, (2016). Statistical foot-shape analysis for mass-customization of footwear. International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, 8(1-2) 80-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCAET.2016.073265
- Cavanagh, P. R. (1980). The Running Shoe Book. Anderson World.
- Cavanagh, P. R., Morag, E., Boulton, A. J. M., Young, M. J., Deffner, K. T., ve Pammer, S. E. (1997). The relationship of statistic foot structure to dynamic foot function. Journal of Biomechanics, 30(3), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(96)00136-4
- Cheng, J., Leung, S., Leung, A., Guo, X., Sher, A., ve Mak, A. (1997). Change of foot size with weightbearing: a study of 2829 children 3 to 18 years of age. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 342, 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199709000-00019
- Cheng, F. T., ve Perng, D. B. (2000). A systematic approach for developing a foot size information system for shoe last design. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 25(2), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(98)00098-5
- Cheskin, M. P. (1987). The complete handbook of athletic footwear. Fairchild Publications.
- Doğancı, Ö. I. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde ayak ölçüleri ve plantogram ile ayak yapısının araştırılması [Yayımlanmamış uzmanlık tezi]. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12831/3845
- Domjanic, J., Fieder, M., Seidler, H., ve Mitteroecker, P. (2013). Geometric morphometric footprint analysis of young women. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 6, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-6-27
- Goonetilleke, R. S., ve Luximon, A. (1999). Foot flare and foot axis. Human Factors, 41(4) 596-607. https://doi.org/10.1518%2F001872099779656761
- Güleç, E., Akın, G., Sağır, M., Koca Özer, B., Gültekin, T., ve Bektaş. Y., (2009). Anadolu insanı antropometrik boyutları: 2005 yılı Türkiye antropometri anketi. DTCF Dergisi, 49(2), 187-201. https://doi.org/10.1501/Dtcfder_0000001211
- Herbaut, A., Foissac, M., Jurca, A., ve Gueguen, N. (2016). Determination of optimal shoe dimensions for occasional and regular tennis players. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 230(3), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337115598678
- Hawes, M. R., Sovak, D., Miyashita, M., Kang, S. J., Yoshihuku, Y., ve Tanaka. S. (2007). Ethnic differences in forefoot shape and the determination of shoe comfort. Ergonomics, 37(1), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139408963637
- Hong, Y., Wang, L., Xu, D. Q., ve Li, J. X. (2011). Gender differences in foot shape: a study of chinese young adults. Sports Biomechanics, 10(2), 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2011.569567
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2015). Footwear – Sizing – Conversion of sizing systems (ISO Standard No. 19407:2015). https://www.iso.org/standard/62349.html
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2012). General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases (ISO Standard No. 15535:2012). https://www.iso.org/standard/57179.html
- Jurca, A., Kolsek, T., ve Vidic, T. (2010). Dorothy mass foot measurement campaign. N. D’Apuzzo (Ed.) içinde, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland (s. 338-344). Hometrica Consulting. https://doi.org/10.15221/10.338
- Jurca, A., Žabkar, J., ve Džeroski, S. (2019). Analysis of 1.2 million foot scans from North America, Europe and Asia. Nature Scientific Reports, 9, 19155. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55432-z
- Karavana, H. A. (2008). Türkiye’de 12-17 yaş grubu genç erkeklerde ayak ölçülerinin belirlenmesi ve standardizasyonu üzerine araştırmalar [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
- Kağnıcıoğlu, C. H., ve Altay, E. (2013). Türkiye’de ayakkabı tasarımında kullanılan ölçüler ile Türk insanının antropometrik ayak ölçülerinin karşılaştırılması: 0-3 yaş bireyler üzerinden bir analiz. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 77-85.
- Kastan, C. (2009). Ayakkabı kalıbı ölçü sistemleri: Fransız ölçü sistemi. Anadolu Bil Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, (13), 3-16. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/abmyoder/issue/46435/583396
- Kouchi, M. (1998). Foot dimensions and foot shape: Differences due to growth, generation and ethnic origin. Anthropological Science, 106(Supplement), 161-188. https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.106.Supplement_161
- Krauss, I., Grau, S., Mauch, M., Maiwald, C., ve Horstmann, T. (2008). Sex-related differences in foot shape. Ergonomics, 51(11), 1693-1709. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130802376026
- Krauss, I., Valiant, G., Horstmann, T., ve Grau, S. (2010). Comparison of female foot morphology and last design in athletic footwear: Are men’s lasts appropriate for women? Research in Sports Medicine, 18(2), 140-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438621003627216
- Krauss, I., Langbein, C., Horstmann, T., ve Grau, S. (2011). Sex-related differences in foot shape of adult caucasians: a follow-up study focusing on long and short feet. Ergonomics, 54(3), 294-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2010.547605
- Lee, Y-C., Lin, G., ve Wang, M-J. (2014). Comparing 3D foot scanning with conventional measurement methods. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 7, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-014-0044-7
- Lee, Y-C., ve Wang, M-J. (2015). Taiwanese adult foot shape classification using 3D scanning data. Ergonomics, 58(3), 513-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.974683
- Luo, G. Houston, V. L., Mussman, M., Garbarini, M., Beattie, A. C., ve Thongpop, C. (2009). Comparison of male and female foot shape. Journal of American Podiatric Medical Association, 99(5), 383-390. https://doi.org/10.7547/0990383
- Luximon, A. (2013). Handbook of footwear design and manufacture. Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098795
- Luximon, A., Zhang, Y. F., Luximon, Y. ve Ma, X. (2012). Sizing and grading for wearable products. Computer-Aided Design, 44(1), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2011.07.004
- Luximon, A., Goonetilleke, R. S. , ve Tsui, K. L. (2003). Foot landmarking for footwear customization. Ergonomics, 46(4), 364-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/0014013021000045225
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