Kapitalist İrrasyonel Rasyonalite ve Sermayenin Gıda Rejimi: Gezegensel Tarımsallaşma ve Gıdanın Tarımsızlaşması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 165 - 197, 13.02.2025

Atakan Büke

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2025.07

Öz

Bu çalışma, eleştirel bir toplum kuramı olarak Marksizmin, özel olarak da kapitalist irrasyonel rasyonalite kavramının sunduğu kuramsal imkânlardan yola çıkarak, kapitalizmin uzun tarihi içinde tarım-gıda ilişkilerinin, birbiriyle iç içe geçen iki eğilim üzerinden şekillendiğini iddia ediyor: gezegensel tarımsallaşma (kır-doğa aksının kapitalist tarımsallaşması) ve gıdanın tarımsızlaşması (gıda ile tarım-kır-doğa arasındaki tarihsel, ekolojik, toplumsal ve kültürel bağların kopması). Bu iki eğilimin, aynı zamanda, kapitalist gıda rejiminin tanımlayıcı çelişkileri olarak da kavramsallaştırılabileceğini tartışmaya açıyor. İlgili literatürde, gıda rejimi kavramının özgün katkılarından birisi, tarım-gıda ilişkilerinin tarihsel seyrini her biri (birbiriyle ilişkili ve fakat) farklı dinamiklerle şekillenen gıda rejimleri çerçevesinde analiz etmemize olanak tanıması olarak işaretlenebilir. Kapitalist tarım-gıda ilişkilerinin dönemlendirilmesine yönelik bu katkılardan beslenen bu çalışma da her bir farklı gıda rejimini ortak kesen ve bu farklı rejimleri kapitalist yapan nedir sorusunun peşine düşerek, gıda rejimi kavramı etrafında yürütülen kuramsal tartışmaları zenginleştirmeyi hedefliyor. Bu doğrultuda, burada önerilen ve geliştirilen gezegensel tarımsallaşma ve gıdanın tarımsızlaşması kavramlarının, kapitalizmin kendisini aynı zamanda bir gıda rejimi olarak düşünmenin analitik araçları olarak da görülebileceğini öneriyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kapitalist İrrasyonel Rasyonalite, Eleştirel Bir Toplum Kuramı Olarak Marksizm, Kapitalist Gıda Rejimi, Gezegensel Tarımsallaşma, Gıdanın Tarımsızlaşması

Capitalist Irrational Rationality and Capital’s Food Regime: Planetary Agriculturalization and the De-Agriculturalization of Food

Öz

This study leverages Marxism as a critical theory of society, particularly the concept of capitalist irrational rationality, to argue that agri-food relations throughout the long history of capitalism have been shaped by two intertwined tendencies: planetary agriculturalization (capitalist agriculturalization of the rural-nature nexus) and the de-agriculturalization of food (the dissociation of food from its historical, ecological, social, and cultural ties to agriculture-rural-nature nexus). It proposes that these tendencies might also be conceived as the defining contradictions of the capitalist food regime. Among its contributions to literature, the food regime concept provides a framework for analyzing the historical trajectories of agri-food relations through distinct regimes, each marked by interconnected yet unique dynamics. Building on these insights, this study seeks to deepen theoretical debates surrounding the food regime concept by exploring what unifies these distinct regimes and establishes their fundamentally capitalist character. In this regard, it contends that the concepts of planetary agriculturalization and the de-agriculturalization of food, developed and articulated in this study, serve as critical analytical tools for theorizing capitalism itself also as an encompassing food regime.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Capitalist Irrational Rationality, Marxism as a Critical Theory of Society, Capitalist Food Regime, Planetary Agriculturalization, De-Agriculturalization of Food

Teşekkür

Bu makalede dile getirilen görüşlerin ilk hali, Yerküre Yerel Çalışmalar Kooperatifi (Yerküre Koop) ve Özyeğin Üniversitesi Tarım, Gıda ve Yerel Kalkınma Araştırma ve Uygulama Laboratuvarı (LoafLab) tarafından organize edilen Türkiye Tarım Tartışmalarının Mirası ve Geleceği: Kuşaklar Arası Seminer Dizisi’nde sunulmuştur. Zengin katkıları için seminerde tartışmacı olarak yer alan Prof. Dr. Zülküf Aydın’a ve tüm seminer katılımcılarına, makalenin geliştirilmiş halini okuyarak görüşlerini esirgemeyen Prof. Dr. Mustafa Koç’a ve Dr. Selma Değirmenci’ye teşekkür ederim.

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