İRAN’DA YAZININ İCADI: PROTO-ELAM YAZISI VE PROTO-ELAM YAZILI TABLETLER

Yıl 2024, , 97 - 136, 30.06.2024

Eray Karaketir , Yusuf Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.46931/aran.1485200

Öz

Proto-Elam Dönemi’nde, MÖ 3100-2900 yılları arasında kullanılan Proto-Elam Yazısı, İran’da icat edilen ilk yazıdır. Mezopotamya kökenli proto-çivi yazısı ile bazı benzerlikler taşımakla birlikte kendisine özgü bir yazı türüdür. Bu yazıyı barındıran yüzlerce kil tablet ise kullanıldıkları döneme ışık tutan yegâne yazılı kaynaklardır. Tarım, hayvancılık ve işçiler konusunda çeşitli kayıt ve hesaplamaların bulunduğu söz konusu Proto-Elam yazılı tabletler, günümüzdeki faturaların ilkel benzerleri olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Çalışmada Proto-Elam yazısı ile Proto-Elam yazılı tabletler çeşitli yönleriyle incelenmiş ve İran’da tarihi dönemlerin hemen öncesinde yaşanan sosyo-ekonomik gelişmelerin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın meydana getirilmesinde, arkeolojik kazı raporlarının yanı sıra çeşitli modern eserlerden yararlanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Proto-Elam Dönemi, Proto-Elam Kültürü, Proto-Elam Yazısı, Proto-Elam Yazılı Tabletler, İran'da Yazının İcadı, Eski İran

The Invention of Writing in Iran: Proto-Elamite Writing and Proto-Elamite Tablets

Öz

The Proto-Elamite writing used in the Proto-Elamite Period, between 3100-2900 BC, is the first writing invented in Iran. Although it has some similarities with the Mesopotamian proto-cuneiform, it is a unique type of writing. Hundreds of clay tablets containing this writing are the only written sources that enlighten the period in which they were used. These Proto-Elamite tablets, which contain various records and calculations on agriculture, animal husbandry and workers, are described as the primitive analogues of today's invoices. In this study, Proto-Elamite writing and Proto-Elamite tablets were analysed in various aspects and it was aimed to determine the socio-economical developments in Iran just before the historical periods. Modern studies as well as archaeological excavation reports were used in the creation of the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Proto-Elamite Period, Proto-Elamite Culture, Proto-Elamite Writing, Proto-Elamite Tablets, Invention of Writing in Iran, Ancient Iran

Kaynakça

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