The Belief of Talisman in the Ancient Mesopotamian Culture and Some Talismanic Objects

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 69 - 81, 02.08.2019

Abdulgani Kaçar

Öz

Depending on their religion designated by level of ancient scientific and cultural level, in understanding of peoples living in Mesopotamia, there are so much metaphysical entities who watching an occasion to harm them. This entity either could be an angry ghost of a died man who come from netherworld or he could be a very horrible demon. Ghosts and demons was attacking to people usually without any reason and they was giving physical and mental harm to them. Ancient Mesopotamians believed that illnesses and disasters were actions of these demons and ghosts. Therefore, they have tried to counteract them not by reasonable methods but by somethings that they believed those will protect themselves from evils, such as amulets, magical rituals and praying to gods.

Alongside to be protected against evil, another aim of using the charm was to get the good chance for something to be desired.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beliefs of ancient Mesopotamia, demons, ghosts, incantation, charm, amulet

Eski Mezopotamya Kültüründe Tılsım İnanışı ve Bazı Tılsımlı Objeler

Öz

Eski Mezopotamya sakinlerinin
zihin dünyalarında,  dönemin bilim ve
kültür düzeyiyle iç içe gelişen inanç sistemlerine bağlı olarak, kendilerine
sürekli zarar vermek için fırsat kolladıklarını düşündükleri, çok sayıda metafizik
varlık yer almaktaydı. Bu varlık, kimi zaman bir ölünün yeraltı dünyasından
yeryüzüne gelen kızgın hayaleti, kimi zaman ise korkunç derecede kötü bir cin
olabilirdi. Cinler ve hayaletler, insanlara genellikle keyfi olarak yani herhangi
bir sebep olmaksızın saldırabilir ve hem fiziksel hem de ruhsal rahatsızlık
verebilirlerdi. Hastalıklar ve felaketler doğrudan cinlerin ve hayaletlerin
eylemleri olarak görülmekteydi. Onların nezdinde suçlu ve masum aynıydı ve bir
insana saldırırken etik unsurları ya da sosyal farklılıkları gözetmezlerdi. Bu
nedenle insanlar, onlara karşı mantığa uygun yöntemlerle değil, tılsımlar/muskalar,
büyü ritüelleri gibi koruyucu olduğuna inandıkları şeylerle veya tanrılara
yalvararak mücadele edebilirdi.

Kötülüklerden
korunmanın yanı sıra tılsım/muska kullanmanın bir diğer amacı, söz konusu
objenin, arzulanan herhangi bir şey için iyi şans getireceğine dair inançtı. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eski Mezopotamya inancı, cin, hayalet, büyü, tılsım, muska

Kaynakça

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