THE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM (SAP) AND THE POLICY TRANSFORMATION IN TANZANIA

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 15, 15.06.2020

İbrahim Keskin , Moh’d Juma Abdalla

Öz

In the 1970s Tanzania began to face
stiff challenges which hindered its economic development. Tanzania by that time
was following the Ujamaa policy as the Prime policy for socio-economic and political
development. But the increasing waves of the Cold war politics in Third World
Countries created the atmosphere of misunderstanding between the government and
bureaucrats, the circumstance of misunderstanding caused by the harsh
conditions for the economic support which imposed by the International Monetary
Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB). Tanzania found its self in a stiff opposition
within the country and outside which resulted in many reforms to take place. The
policy transformation in Tanzania was inevitable because during the last
quarter of the 20^th century the Soviet Union lost its supremacy to
compete with Capitalist bloc. Thus, the failure of the Soviet Union to support
the minor socialist countries like Tanzania pushed the Ujamaa policy into the
slaughter room.  When the Ujamaa policy
proved a failure, the government forced to change its economic set-up. In this
way, the capitalist countries, internal bureaucrats, and stood firm to force the
Tanzanian government toward liberalization policy. Therefore, this article will
analyze the whole process of policy transformation and their performances in
the improvement of social and economic activities in Tanzania.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liberalization, SAP, Economic Recovery Program

THE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM (SAP) AND THE POLICY TRANSFORMATION IN TANZANIA

Öz

1970'lerden itibaren Tanzanya'nın
ekonomik gelişimi ciddi zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalmaya başladı. Bu süreçte Tanzanya, Sosyalist
Politikayı, ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınma için birincil politika olarak uyguluyordu.
Üçüncü Dünya Ülkelerinde Soğuk Savaş politikalarının artan dalgaları,
hükümetler ve bürokratlar arasında anlaşmazlığa yol açtı. Bu durum,
Uluslararası Para Fonu (UPF) ve Dünya Bankası (DB) tarafından kurulan ekonomik
desteğin ağır koşullarından kaynaklanmaktaydı. Ne yazık ki Tanzanya, kendisini
ülke içinde ve dışında sert bir çekişmenin içinde bulmuştu ve bu da birçok
reformun yapılmasını zorunlu hale getirdi. Tanzanya'daki bu politik dönüşüm bir
zorunluluktu çünkü 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde Sovyetler Birliği Kapitalist
blokla rekabet etme üstünlüğünü yitirdi. Böylece, Sovyetler Birliği'nin
Tanzanya ve diğer sosyalist ülkeleri destekleyememesi Ujamaa politikasının
uygulanmasının sekteye uğramasına neden oldu. Ujamaa politikasının başarısızlığı,
hükümetin ekonomi politikasını değiştirmek zorunda bıraktı. Ayrıca Kapitalistler,
iç bürokratlar ve ekonomistler hükümete liberal politikalar belirlemesi yönünde
baskı kurdular. Bu makale, Tanzanya'daki sosyal ve ekonomik faaliyetlerin
iyileştirilmesi umuduyla politika dönüşümü süreçlerini ve bunun için yapılan
uygulamaları analiz edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Serbestleşme, SAP, Ekonomik Kurtarma Programı

Kaynakça

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