Turist Kişiliği, Seyahat Türü ve Destinasyon Memnuniyeti İlişkileri: Mardin Örneği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 25 - 40, 31.05.2019

Aslı Özge Özgen Çiğdemli , Sedat Çelik

Öz

Bu
çalışmanın amacı yerli turistlerin kişilik özelliklerinin destinasyon
memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek ve turistlerin kişilik yapılarının
ve destinasyon memnuniyetlerinin seyahat türlerine göre farklılığını ortaya
koymaktır. Bu amaç kapsamında Mardin’e gelen yerli turistlerden anket yöntemi
ile veri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programı aracılığı ile
faktör analizi, t-testi ve regresyon analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma
sonucunda turistlerin kişilik özelliklerinin destinasyon memnuniyetini
etkilemediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca turistlerin kişilik yapısının ve
algıladıkları destinasyon memnuniyetinin seyahat türüne göre farklılık
gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına dayanılarak araştırmacı ve
sektör yetkililerine önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kişilik, Seyahat Türü, Destinasyon Memnuniyeti, Mardin, Turizm

Kaynakça

• Allport, G.W. ve Odbert, H.S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47 (1), i-171.
• Alvarez, M. ve Asugman, G. (2006). Explorers versus planners: A study of Turkish tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 33, 319-338.
• Baker, D.A. ve Crompton, J.L. (2000). Quality satisfaction and behavioral intentions, Annals of Tourism Research, 27 (3), 785-804.
• Beiser, M. (1974). Components and correlates of mental well-being. American Social Association, 15 (4), 320-327.
• Bowie, D. ve Chang, J.C. (2005). Tourist satisfaction: A view from a mixed international guided package tour. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 11 (4), 303-322.
• Carver, C.S.ve Scheier, M. F. (2012). Perspectives on personality (7th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson
• Cattell, R.B. (1943). The description of personality: Basic traits resolved into clusters. Journal of Abnormal and Social Pscyhology, 38, 476-506.
• Cattell, R.B. (1945). The description of personality: Principles and findings in a factor analysis. American Journal of Psychology, 58, 69-90.
• Cervone, D. ve Pervin, L. A. (2013). Personality: theory and research (12th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley ve Sons.
• Chen, C.-F. ve Tsai, D. (2007). How destination image and evaluate factors affect behavioral intentions?. Tourism Management, 28 (4), 1115-1122.
• Chi, C. G. ve Qu, H. (2008). Examinig the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: an integrated approach. Tourism Management, 29, 624-636.
• Churchill, G.A. ve Surprenant, C. (1982). An investigation into the determinants of customer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 491-504.
• Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39 (1), 164-182.
• Costa, P. T. ve McCrae, R. R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: the NEO personality ınventory, Psychological Assessment, 4 (1), 5-13.
• Costa, P.T. ve McCrae, R.R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 668-678
• Crouch, G.I., Perdue, R.R., Timmermans, H.J.P. ve Uysal, M. (2004), Building foundations for understanding the customer psychology of tourism, hospitality and leisure. İçinde Geoffrey I. Crouch; Richard R. Perdue; Harry J.P. Timmermans ve Muzaffer U. (Ed.), Consumer psychology of tourism, hospitality and leisure (pp.1-10). London: CABI Publishing.
• Çelik, S. ve Çizel, B. (2017). Destinasyon kalite algısını etkileyen faktörler: Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde bir araştırma. Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 97-121.
• Çelik, S. (2018). Yerli turistlerin kişilik özellikleri ve tolerans düzeylerinin algıladıkları destinasyon memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisi. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 5 (1), 154-165.
• Faullant, R., Matzler, K. ve Mooradian, T.A. (2011). Personality, basic emotions and satisfaction: primary emotions in the mountaineering experience. Tourism Management, 32 (6), 1423-1430.
• Foo, J-A., McGuiggan, R. ve Yiannakis, A. (2004). Roles tourists play: An australian perspective, Annals of Tourism Research, 31 (2), 408-427.
• George, D. ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: a simple guide and reference, 17.0 update (10th ed.) Boston: Pearson.
• Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative “description of personality”: The big-five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1216–1229.
• Gountas, J. ve Gountas, S. (2007). Personality orientations, emotional states, customer satisfaction and intention to repurchase. Journal of Business Research, 60 (1), 72-75.
• Gretzel, U., Mitsche, N., Hwang, Y-H. ve Fesenmaier, D. R. (2004). Tell me who you are and I will tell you where to go: use of travel personalities in destination recommendation systems, Information Technology ve Tourism, 7, 3-12.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., ve Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (New International Edition-7th ed.). England: Pearson
• Hawkins, D.I. ve Mothersbaugh, H. (2010). Consumer behavior: Building marketing strategy (11th ed.), New York: McGraw Hill.
• Hayes, B.E. (1998). Measuring customer satisfaction (2nd ed.). Wisconsin: ASQ Quality Press.
• Hsieh, S., O’Leary, J. T. ve Morrison, A. M. (1994). A comparison of package and non-package travelers from the united kingdom. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 6(3-4), 79–100.
• Huh, J., Uysal, M., ve McCleary, K. (2006). Cultural/heritage destinations: tourist satisfaction and market segmentation. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 14 (3), 81-99.
• Hui, T.K., Wan, D. ve Ho, A. (2007). Tourists’ satisfaction, recommendation and revisiting Singapore, Tourism Management, 28 (4), 965-975.
• Hyde, K.F. ve Lawson, R. (2003). The nature of independent travel. Journal of Travel Research, 42 (1), 13-23.
• Issa, J. ve Javawerdana, C. (2003). The all-ınclusive concept in the Caribbean. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15 (3), 197-171.
• Izard, C. E., Libero, D.Z., Putnam, P. ve Haynes, O.M. (1993). Stability of emotion experiences and their relations to traits of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(5), 847–860.
• İştin, A.E., Çelik, S., Çiğdemli, A.Ö.Ö. ve Ertaş, Ç. (2017). Destinasyon memnuniyeti: Mardin’e yönelik bir araştırma, 18. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, 18-22 Ekim, Mardin.
• Jani, D. (2014). Relating travel personality to big five factors of personality, Turizam, 62 (4), 347-359.
• Jani, D.D. ve Han, H. (2014). Personality, satisfaction, image, ambience and loyalty: testing their relationships in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 11–20.
• Judge, T.A., Higgins, C.A. Thoresen, C.J. ve Barrick, M.R. (1999). The big five personality traits, general mental ability and career success across the life span, Personnel Psychology, 52 (3), 621-652.
• Kassajian, H. H. ve Sheffet, M. J. (1991). Personality and consumer behavior: An update, İçinde H.H. Kassajian ve T.S. Robertson (Ed.). Perspective in consumer behavior (pp.160-180). Englewood Cliffs: Printence Hall.
• Kozak, M. ve Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist satisfation with Mallorca, Spain as an off-season holiday destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 260-269.
• Kozak, M., Bigne, E. ve Andreu, L. (2005). Satisfaction and destination loyalty. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality ve Tourism, 5 (1), 43-59.
• Kozak, M. ve Nield, K. (1998). Importance-performance analysis and cultural perspectives in romanian black sea resorts, Anatolia: An Internatiolan Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9 (2), 99-116.
• Kozak, N., Kozak, M.A., ve Kozak, M. (2015). Genel turizm. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Larsen, R. J. ve Ketelaar, T. (1989). Extraversion, neuroticism and susceptibility to positive and negative mood induction procedures. Personality and Individual Differences, 10 (12), 1221-1228.
• Larsen, Randy J. ve Buss, David M. (2010). Personality psychology: domains of knowledge about human nature (4th ed.), New York: The McGraw Hill.
• Lee, T. ve Crompton, J.L. (1992). Measuring novelty seeking in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 732-51.
• Leung, R. ve Law, R. (2010). A review of personality research in the tourism and hospitality context, Journal of Travel ve Tourism Marketing, 27 (5), 439-459.
• Li, C-Y., Lu, S-Y., Tsai, B-K. ve Yu, K-Y. (2015). The impact of extraversion and sensation seeking on tourist role. Social Behavior and Personality, 43 (1), 75-84.
• Lin, I. Y. ve Worthley, R. (2012). Servicescape moderation on personality traits, emotions, satisfaction, and behaviors. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 31–42.
• López-Toro, A. A., Diaz-Munoz, R. ve Perez-Moreno (2010). An assessment of the quality of a tourist destination: The case of Nerja, Spain. Total Quality Management, 21(3), 269–289.
• Matzler, K., Faullant, R., Renzl, B. ve Leiter, V. (2005). The relationship between personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism), emotions and customer selfsatisfaction. Innovative Marketing, 1(2), 32–39.
• McCrae, R.R. ve Costa, T. (1985). Comparison of Epi and psychoticism scales with measures of the five-factor model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 6(5), 587-597.
• Mehmetoglu, M. (2004). A typology of tourists from a different angle. International Journal of Hospitality ve Tourism Administration, 5 (3), 69-90.
• Mooradian, T. A. ve Olver, J. M. (1997). “I can’t get no satisfaction:” the impact of personality and emotion on postpurchase processes, Psychology and Marketing, 14 (4), 379-392.
• Mount, M. K., Murray, R.B. ve Stewart, G.L. (1998). Five-factor model of personality and performance in jobs ınvolving ınterpersonal interaction., Human Performance, 11 (2-3), 145-165.
• Oliver, R. (1980). A cognitive model of antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17, 460-469.
• Oliver, R.L. (2015). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the customer (2nd ed.), New York: Routledge.
• Özdemir, B., Çizel, B. ve Çizel R. B. (2012). Satisfaction with all-inclusive tourism resorts: the effects of satisfaction with destination and destination loyalty, International Journal of Hospitality ve Tourism Administration, 13 (2), 109-130.
• Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. ve Berry, L.L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and implications for future research. Journal of Marketing, 49, 41-50.
• Pizam, A. ve Milman, A. (1993). Predicting satisfaction among first time visitors to a destination by using expectancy disconfirmation theory. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 12, 197-209.
• Pizam, A., Neumann, Y. ve Reichel, A. (1978). Dimensions of tourist satisfation with a destination area. Annals of Tourism Research, 5 (3), 314-322.
• Pizam. A. ve Ellis, T. (1999). Customer satisfaction and its measurement in hospitality enterprises. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(7), 326-339.
• Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity, Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 14 (4), 55-58.
• Quiroga, I. (1990). Characteristics of package tours ın europe. Annals of Tourism Research, 17 (2), 185-207.
• Resmî Gazete, 2015, Paket Tur Sözleşmeleri Yönetmeliği (RG No: 29236), 14.01.2015, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/01/20150114-4.htm , (erişim tarihi:22.11.2018).
• Rezaei, M., Rezaei, H. K., Alipour, H. ve Salehi, S. K. (2011). Service quality, client satisfaction and client personality in the public companies, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(3), 483-491.
• Rittichainuwat, B.N., Qu, H. ve Mongknonvanit, C. (2002). A study of the ımpacts of travel satisfaction on the likelihood of travellers to revisit thailand. Journal of Travel ve Tourism Marketing, 12 (2-3), 19-43.
• Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, H. ve Knafo, A. (2002). The big five personality factors and personal values, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28 (6), 789-801.
• Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. (4 th Ed.). USA: John WileyveSons, Inc.
• Sheldon, J. ve Mak, J. (1987). The demand for package tours: A mode choice model. Journal of Travel Research, 25, 13–17.
• Smith, V. L. (1989). Host and guests: the antropology of tourism (2nd Ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvenia Press.
• Suri, R. Ve Monroe, K.B. (1995). Effect of consumers’ purchase plans on the evaluation of bundle offers. Advances in Consumer Research 22, 588–593
• Swarbrooke, J. ve Horner: (2007). Consumer behaviour in tourism (2nd ed.), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Tutar, H. (2018). Kişilik ve kişilik kuramları, İçinde Davranış Bilimleri: Kavramlar ve kuramlar, (Ed. Hasan Tutar), Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Um, Chon, K. ve Ro, Y. (2006). Antecedents of revisit intention. Annals of Tourism Research, 33 (4), 1141-1158.
• Urry, J. (2002). The Tourist Gaze, London: Sage Publications.
• Watson, D., Clark, L.A. ve Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
• Woodside, A.G., Frey, L.L. and Daly, R.T. (1989). Linking service quality, customer satisfaction and behavioral ıntention. Journal of Healthcare Marketing, 9 (4), 5-17.
• Yoon, Y. ve Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism Management, 26, 45-56.
• Žabkar, V., Brenčič, M. M. ve Dmitrović, T. (2010). Modelling perceived quality, visitor satisfaction and behavioural ıntentions at the destination level. Tourism Management, 31(4), 537–546.