Fit Olmayı Teşvik Eden Fotoğraflar ve Paylaşımlar: Beden Tatminsizliği ve Beden İmajı Arasındaki İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Derleme
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 420 - 436, 28.12.2020
Nazmi Bayköse
,
İlayda Esin
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal medya platformlarında veya web sitelerinde yer alan fit olmayı teşvik eden fotoğraflar ve paylaşımların beden tatminsizliği ve beden imajı ile ilgili yapılmış olan çalışmaların gözden geçirilmesidir. Fit olmayı teşvik eden fotoğraflar ve paylaşımlar, görüntüleyenleri egzersize ve sağlıklı yiyeceklere teşvik ederek daha sağlıklı bir yaşam tarzına yönlendirmek için tasarlanmış çevrimiçi bir trenddir. Günümüzde yaygın bir biçimde kullanılan sosyal medya platformlarında fit olmayı teşvik eden fotoğraflar ve paylaşımların sosyal medyadaki yeri, yeme davranışı üzerine etkileri de gözden geçirilmiştir. Ayrıca, fit olmayı teşvik eden fotoğraflar ve paylaşımların sosyal karşılaştırma yönü de ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma, fit olmayı teşvik eden fotoğraflar ve paylaşımlar ile beden tatminsizliği ve beden imajı ile ilgili alan yazında yer alan bilgileri incelemekte ve beden imajı, fit olmayı teşvik eden fotoğraflar ve paylaşımların egzersize katılım ile ilişkisini incelenmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Abena, C. (2013). From thinspo to fitspiration: How social media could be affecting your body image. Retrieved, 1(28), 2017.
- Araújo, C. S., Corrêa, L. P. D., Da Silva, A. P. C., Prates, R. O., & Meira, W. (2014, October). It is not just a picture: revealing some user practices in instagram. In 2014 9th Latin American Web Congress (pp. 19-23). IEEE.
- Bardone‐Cone, A. M., & Cass, K. M. (2007). What does viewing a pro‐anorexia website do? An experimental examination of website exposure and moderating effects. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(6), 537-548.
- Bassett-Gunter, R., McEwan, D., & Kamarhie, A. (2017). Physical activity and body image among men and boys: A meta-analysis. Body Image, 22, 114-128.
- Bayköse, N., & Esin, İ. (2019). Sporda Beden İmajı ve Sosyal Medya Etkisi: Sosyal Karşılaştırma Kuramı Çerçevesinde Facebook Kullanımının Beden İmajına Etkileri Üzerine Bir Derleme. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 67-80.
- Benton, C., & Karazsia, B. T. (2015). The effect of thin and muscular images on women's body satisfaction. Body image, 13, 22-27.
- Bessenoff, G. R. (2006). Can the media affect us? Social comparison, self-discrepancy, and the thin ideal. Psychology of women quarterly, 30(3), 239-251.
- Bessenoff, G. R. (2015). Can the media affect us? Social comparison, self-discrepancy, and the thin ideal. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30(2006), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00292.x
- Boepple, L., & Thompson, J. K. (2014). A content analysis of healthy living blogs: Evidence of content thematically consistent with dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(4), 362-367.
- Boepple, L., & Thompson, J. K. (2016). A content analytic comparison of fitspiration and thinspiration websites. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49, 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22403.
- Boepple, L., Ata, R. N., Rum, R., & Thompson, J. K. (2016). Strong is the new skinny: A content analysis of fitspiration websites. Body Image, 17, 132–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.001
- Borzekowski, D. L. G., Schenk, S., Wilson, J. L., & Peebles, R. (2010). E-Ana and e-Mia: A content analysis of pro-eating disorder web sites. American Journal of Public Health, 100(8), 1526–1534. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.172700
- Branthwaite, A. (2002). Investigating the power of imagery in marketing communication: evidence‐based techniques. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal.
- Bryant, J. and Zillmann, D. (1986). Perspectives on Media Effects. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp.1-6.
- Buckworth, J., Dishman, R. K., O’Connor, P. J., & Tomporowski, P. D. (2013). Exercise psychology (2d ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Find this resource.
- Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 3-21.
- Carrotte, E. R., Prichard, I., & Lim, M. S. C. (2017). “Fitspiration” on social media: A content analysis of gendered images. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(3), e95.
- Cash, T. F., Melnyk, S. E., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2004). The assessment of body image investment: an extensive revision of the Appearance Schemas Inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10264
- Cash, T. F., Santos, M. T., & Williams, E. F. (2005). Coping with body-image threats and challenges: Validation of the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(2), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.008
- Crawford, D. W., Jackson, E. L., & Godbey, G. (1991). A hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Leisure sciences, 13(4), 309-320.
Curioni, C. C., & Lourenco, P. M. (2005). Long-term weight loss after diet and exercise: a systematic review. International journal of obesity, 29(10), 1168-1174.
- Dittmar, H., & Howard, S. (2004). Thin-ideal internalization and social comparison tendency as moderators of media models' impact on women's body-focused anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(6), 768-791.
- Dumenco, S. (2012). Instagram is OK, but Photoshop is evil? The truth about digital lies. Advertising Age, 83(22), 11.
- Dworkin, S. , & Wachs, F. (2009). Body Panic : Gender, Health, and the Selling of Fitness. New York: New York University Press.
- Fallon, E. A., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2005). Media images of the “ideal” female body: Can acute exercise moderate their psychological impact?. Body image, 2(1), 62-73.
- Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2009). “Everybody knows that mass media are/are not [pick one] a cause of eating disorders”: A critical review of evidence for a causal link between media, negative body image, and disordered eating in females. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(1), 9-42.
- Liechty, T., Freeman, P. A., & Zabriskie, R. B. (2006). Body image and beliefs about appearance: Constraints on the leisure of college-age and middle-age women. Leisure Sciences, 28(4), 311-330.
- Mabe, A. G., Forney, K. J., & Keel, P. K. (2014). Do you “like” my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorder risk. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(5), 516-523.
- Maíz-Arévalo, C., & García-Gómez, A. (2013). ‘You look terrific!’Social evaluation and relationships in online compliments. Discourse Studies, 15(6), 735-760.
- Martin, M. C., & Gentry, J. W. (1997). Stuck in the model trap: The effects of beautiful models in ads on female pre-adolescents and adolescents. Journal of advertising, 26(2), 19-33.
- Meier, E. P., & Gray, J. (2014). Facebook photo activity associated with body image disturbance in adolescent girls. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(4), 199-206.
- Mingoia, J., Hutchinson, A. D., Wilson, C., & Gleaves, D. H. (2017). The relationship between social networking site use and the internalization of a thin ideal in females: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1351.
- Montaigne, M. E. (1834). Essais de Michel de Montaigne. Lefèvre.
- Moore, J. (2011). Behaviorism. The Psychological Record, 61(3), 449-463.
- Murton, D. (2015). Australian Internet and social media statistics (February 2015). Retrieved from http://blog.marginmedia.com.au/our-blog/australian-internet-and-social-media-statistics-february-2015.
- Myers, P. N., & Biocca, F. A. (1992). The elastic body image: The effect of television advertising and programming on body image distortions in young women. Journal of communication.
- Myers, T. A., & Crowther, J. H. (2009). Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of abnormal psychology, 118(4), 683.
- Nabi, R. L., & Keblusek, L. (2014). Inspired by hope, motivated by envy: Comparing the effects of discrete emotions in the process of social comparison to media figures. Media Psychology, 17(2), 208-234.
- Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71(11-12), 363-377.
- Prichard, I., & Tiggemann, M. (2008). Relations among exercise type, self-objectification, and body image in the fitness centre environment: The role of reasons for exercise. Psychology of sport and exercise, 9(6), 855-866.
- Prichard, I., McLachlan, A. C., Lavis, T., & Tiggemann, M. (2018). The impact of different forms of# fitspiration imagery on body image, mood, and self-objectification among young women. Sex Roles, 78(11-12), 789-798.
- Ramme, R. A., Donovan, C. L., & Bell, H. S. (2016). A test of athletic internalisation as a mediator in the relationship between sociocultural influences and body dissatisfaction in women. Body Image, 16, 126-132.
- Reel, J. J., Greenleaf, C., Baker, W. K., Aragon, S., Bishop, D., Cachaper, C., & Hattie, J. (2007). Relations of body concerns and exercise behavior: A meta-analysis. Psychological reports, 101(3), 927-942.
- Robinson, L., Prichard, I., Nikolaidis, A., Drummond, C., Drummond, M., & Tiggemann, M. (2017). Idealised media images: The effect of fitspiration imagery on body satisfaction and exercise behaviour. Body image, 22, 65-71.
- Rodgers, R. F., McLean, S. A., & Paxton, S. J. (2015). Longitudinal relationships among internalization of the media ideal, peer social comparison, and body dissatisfaction: Implications for the tripartite influence model. Developmental psychology, 51(5), 706.
- Rodgers, R., Chabrol, H., & Paxton, S. J. (2011). An exploration of the tripartite influence model of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among Australian and French college women. Body image, 8(3), 208-215.
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Fitspiration: A Review on The Relationship Between Body Dissatisfaction and Body Image
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 420 - 436, 28.12.2020
Nazmi Bayköse
,
İlayda Esin
Öz
The purpose of this study is to review the studies on fitspiration body dissatisfaction and body image on social media platforms or websites. Fitspiration is an online trend designed to guide viewers towards a healthier lifestyle by incentivizing exercise and healthy food. The place of fitspiration on social media and its effects on eating behavior in social media platforms that are widely used today were also reviewed. Also, the social comparison aspect of fitspiration is covered. In addition, the social comparison of fitspiration is also regarding. This study examines the literature on fitspiration, body dissatisfaction and body image, and examines the relationship between body image and fitspiration exercise participation.
Kaynakça
- Abena, C. (2013). From thinspo to fitspiration: How social media could be affecting your body image. Retrieved, 1(28), 2017.
- Araújo, C. S., Corrêa, L. P. D., Da Silva, A. P. C., Prates, R. O., & Meira, W. (2014, October). It is not just a picture: revealing some user practices in instagram. In 2014 9th Latin American Web Congress (pp. 19-23). IEEE.
- Bardone‐Cone, A. M., & Cass, K. M. (2007). What does viewing a pro‐anorexia website do? An experimental examination of website exposure and moderating effects. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(6), 537-548.
- Bassett-Gunter, R., McEwan, D., & Kamarhie, A. (2017). Physical activity and body image among men and boys: A meta-analysis. Body Image, 22, 114-128.
- Bayköse, N., & Esin, İ. (2019). Sporda Beden İmajı ve Sosyal Medya Etkisi: Sosyal Karşılaştırma Kuramı Çerçevesinde Facebook Kullanımının Beden İmajına Etkileri Üzerine Bir Derleme. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 67-80.
- Benton, C., & Karazsia, B. T. (2015). The effect of thin and muscular images on women's body satisfaction. Body image, 13, 22-27.
- Bessenoff, G. R. (2006). Can the media affect us? Social comparison, self-discrepancy, and the thin ideal. Psychology of women quarterly, 30(3), 239-251.
- Bessenoff, G. R. (2015). Can the media affect us? Social comparison, self-discrepancy, and the thin ideal. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30(2006), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00292.x
- Boepple, L., & Thompson, J. K. (2014). A content analysis of healthy living blogs: Evidence of content thematically consistent with dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(4), 362-367.
- Boepple, L., & Thompson, J. K. (2016). A content analytic comparison of fitspiration and thinspiration websites. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49, 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22403.
- Boepple, L., Ata, R. N., Rum, R., & Thompson, J. K. (2016). Strong is the new skinny: A content analysis of fitspiration websites. Body Image, 17, 132–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.001
- Borzekowski, D. L. G., Schenk, S., Wilson, J. L., & Peebles, R. (2010). E-Ana and e-Mia: A content analysis of pro-eating disorder web sites. American Journal of Public Health, 100(8), 1526–1534. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.172700
- Branthwaite, A. (2002). Investigating the power of imagery in marketing communication: evidence‐based techniques. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal.
- Bryant, J. and Zillmann, D. (1986). Perspectives on Media Effects. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp.1-6.
- Buckworth, J., Dishman, R. K., O’Connor, P. J., & Tomporowski, P. D. (2013). Exercise psychology (2d ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Find this resource.
- Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 3-21.
- Carrotte, E. R., Prichard, I., & Lim, M. S. C. (2017). “Fitspiration” on social media: A content analysis of gendered images. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(3), e95.
- Cash, T. F., Melnyk, S. E., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2004). The assessment of body image investment: an extensive revision of the Appearance Schemas Inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10264
- Cash, T. F., Santos, M. T., & Williams, E. F. (2005). Coping with body-image threats and challenges: Validation of the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(2), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.008
- Crawford, D. W., Jackson, E. L., & Godbey, G. (1991). A hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Leisure sciences, 13(4), 309-320.
Curioni, C. C., & Lourenco, P. M. (2005). Long-term weight loss after diet and exercise: a systematic review. International journal of obesity, 29(10), 1168-1174.
- Dittmar, H., & Howard, S. (2004). Thin-ideal internalization and social comparison tendency as moderators of media models' impact on women's body-focused anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(6), 768-791.
- Dumenco, S. (2012). Instagram is OK, but Photoshop is evil? The truth about digital lies. Advertising Age, 83(22), 11.
- Dworkin, S. , & Wachs, F. (2009). Body Panic : Gender, Health, and the Selling of Fitness. New York: New York University Press.
- Fallon, E. A., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2005). Media images of the “ideal” female body: Can acute exercise moderate their psychological impact?. Body image, 2(1), 62-73.
- Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2009). “Everybody knows that mass media are/are not [pick one] a cause of eating disorders”: A critical review of evidence for a causal link between media, negative body image, and disordered eating in females. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(1), 9-42.
- Liechty, T., Freeman, P. A., & Zabriskie, R. B. (2006). Body image and beliefs about appearance: Constraints on the leisure of college-age and middle-age women. Leisure Sciences, 28(4), 311-330.
- Mabe, A. G., Forney, K. J., & Keel, P. K. (2014). Do you “like” my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorder risk. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(5), 516-523.
- Maíz-Arévalo, C., & García-Gómez, A. (2013). ‘You look terrific!’Social evaluation and relationships in online compliments. Discourse Studies, 15(6), 735-760.
- Martin, M. C., & Gentry, J. W. (1997). Stuck in the model trap: The effects of beautiful models in ads on female pre-adolescents and adolescents. Journal of advertising, 26(2), 19-33.
- Meier, E. P., & Gray, J. (2014). Facebook photo activity associated with body image disturbance in adolescent girls. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(4), 199-206.
- Mingoia, J., Hutchinson, A. D., Wilson, C., & Gleaves, D. H. (2017). The relationship between social networking site use and the internalization of a thin ideal in females: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1351.
- Montaigne, M. E. (1834). Essais de Michel de Montaigne. Lefèvre.
- Moore, J. (2011). Behaviorism. The Psychological Record, 61(3), 449-463.
- Murton, D. (2015). Australian Internet and social media statistics (February 2015). Retrieved from http://blog.marginmedia.com.au/our-blog/australian-internet-and-social-media-statistics-february-2015.
- Myers, P. N., & Biocca, F. A. (1992). The elastic body image: The effect of television advertising and programming on body image distortions in young women. Journal of communication.
- Myers, T. A., & Crowther, J. H. (2009). Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of abnormal psychology, 118(4), 683.
- Nabi, R. L., & Keblusek, L. (2014). Inspired by hope, motivated by envy: Comparing the effects of discrete emotions in the process of social comparison to media figures. Media Psychology, 17(2), 208-234.
- Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71(11-12), 363-377.
- Prichard, I., & Tiggemann, M. (2008). Relations among exercise type, self-objectification, and body image in the fitness centre environment: The role of reasons for exercise. Psychology of sport and exercise, 9(6), 855-866.
- Prichard, I., McLachlan, A. C., Lavis, T., & Tiggemann, M. (2018). The impact of different forms of# fitspiration imagery on body image, mood, and self-objectification among young women. Sex Roles, 78(11-12), 789-798.
- Ramme, R. A., Donovan, C. L., & Bell, H. S. (2016). A test of athletic internalisation as a mediator in the relationship between sociocultural influences and body dissatisfaction in women. Body Image, 16, 126-132.
- Reel, J. J., Greenleaf, C., Baker, W. K., Aragon, S., Bishop, D., Cachaper, C., & Hattie, J. (2007). Relations of body concerns and exercise behavior: A meta-analysis. Psychological reports, 101(3), 927-942.
- Robinson, L., Prichard, I., Nikolaidis, A., Drummond, C., Drummond, M., & Tiggemann, M. (2017). Idealised media images: The effect of fitspiration imagery on body satisfaction and exercise behaviour. Body image, 22, 65-71.
- Rodgers, R. F., McLean, S. A., & Paxton, S. J. (2015). Longitudinal relationships among internalization of the media ideal, peer social comparison, and body dissatisfaction: Implications for the tripartite influence model. Developmental psychology, 51(5), 706.
- Rodgers, R., Chabrol, H., & Paxton, S. J. (2011). An exploration of the tripartite influence model of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among Australian and French college women. Body image, 8(3), 208-215.
- Sensis. (2014, May). Yellow social media report. Retrieved from www.sensis.com.au/content/dam/sas/PDFdirectory/Yellow-Social-Media-Report 2014.pdf
- Shaw, M. (1991). Post-military society: Militarism, demilitarization and war at the end of the twentieth century. Temple University Press.
- Shiffman, S., Stone, A. A., & Hufford, M. R. (2008). Ecological momentary assessment. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol., 4, 1-32.
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