Post-Mucilage Distribution, Daily Growth, Mortality, and Hatch Date Timing of Sand steenbras Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) Juveniles in the Sea of Marmara

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 148 - 155, 01.08.2024

İsmail Burak Daban , Yusuf Şen , Alkan Öztekin , Adnan Ayaz , Uğur Altınağaç , Ali İşmen , Ahsen Yüksek , Uğur Özekinci , Fikret Çakır , Tekin Demirkıran , Gençtan Erman Uğur , Oğuzhan Ayaz , Buminhan Burkay Selçuk

https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20241424227

Öz

Between 2021-2022, a dense mucilage disaster occurred in the Sea of Marmara in Türkiye. Mucilage mostly covered coastal areas, which juvenile fish use for nurseries, growth, and protection. Due to Sand steenbras having been suggested as an environmental bioindicator species for Mediterranean coastal waters, this study attempts to reveal post-mucilage distribution and potential differences on the timing of hatching, daily age, growth, and mortality as revealed by the otolith microstructure. Individuals were sampled using beach seine nets from 12 equally spaced stations along the Sea of Marmara. Its presence and significant abundance in 10 out of 12 stations showed the Sand steenbras to be a common juvenile species for the Sea of Marmara. Hatching occurs between May-January, with peak hatching occurring in October. When considering that the mucilage had completely disappeared from the environment in August, the first set of hatching months can be seen to coincide with the dense mucilage. Thus, Sand steenbras can be considered as able to reproduce under these environmental conditions. The daily age of the Sand steenbras juveniles ranged between 38-235 days, with a mean of 120.3 ± 1.8 days. The daily growth and mortality rates were also calculated respectively as 0.226 mm/day and 4.11%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hatch date distribution, daily growth, juvenile fish, spatial distribution, mucilage

Etik Beyan

No specific ethical approval was necessary for this study.

Destekleyen Kurum

This work supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No: 121G097).

Proje Numarası

Project No: 121G097

Teşekkür

The authors thanks to Captain Osman Odabaşı and Able Seaman Umut Tunçer for their helps in the field works.

Kaynakça

• Altıok, H. & Kayişoğlu, M. (2015). Seasonal and interannual variability of water exchange in the Strait of Istanbul. Mediterranean Marine Sciene, 16(3), 644-655. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.1225 google scholar
• Ayyıldız, H., Özen, O. & Altın, A. (2014). Growth, mortality and hatch-date distributions of striped sea bream Lithognathus mormyrus inhabiting the Çanakkale Strait, Turkey. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 94(3), 607-613. https://doi. org/10.1017/S0025315413001847 google scholar
• Ayyıldız, H. & Altın, A. (2021). Pelagic larval duration and early growth of striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus inhabiting the Gökçeada shallow waters, Turkey. Research in Marine Science, 6(1), 883-895. google scholar
• Bauchot, M. L. & Hureau, J. C. (1986). Sparidae. p. 883-907. In P. J. P. Whitehead, M. L. Bauchot, J. C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, & E. Tortonese (Eds.), Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. 2. UNESCO, Paris. google scholar
• Bilgili, L., Çetinkaya A. Y. & Sarı, M. (2022). Analysis of the effects of domestic waste disposal methods on mucilage with life cycle assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 180, 113813. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113813 google scholar
• Brothers, E. B. (1984). Otolith studies. In H. G. Moser (Eds.), Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes Based on an International Symposium Dedicated to the Memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom (pp. 50-57). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists: Lawrence. google scholar
• Campana, S. E. (1984). Interactive effects of age and environmental modifiers on the production of daily growth increments in otoliths of plainfin midshipman, Porichthys notatus. Fishery Bulletin, 82(1), 165-177. google scholar
• Dalyan, C., Kesici, N. B. & Yalgın, F. (2021). Preliminary study on cryptobenthic fish assemblages affected by the mucilage event in the northeastern Aegean Sea. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 27(2), 202-213. google scholar
• Ertürk-Gürkan, S., Acar, S., Gürkan, M. & Özdilek, Ş. Y. (2022). Evaluation of isotopic signature of mucilage in the benthic food web in the Çanakkale Strait. Biharean Biologist, 16(1), 11-15. google scholar
• Funkenstein, B., Dyman, A., Levavi-Sivan, B. & Tom, M. (2004). Application of real-time PCR for quantitative determination of hepatic vitellogenin transcript levels in the striped sea bream, Lithognathus mormyrus. Marine Environmental Research, 58(2-5), 659-663. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.058 google scholar
• Isnard, E., Tournois, J., McKenzie, D. J., Ferraton, F., Bodin, N., Aliaume, C., & Darnaude, A. M. (2015). Getting a good start in life? A comparative analysis of the quality of lagoons as juvenile habitats for the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata in the Gulf of Lions. Estuaries and Coasts, 38, 1937-1950. google scholar
• Karadurmuş, U. & Sarı, M. (2022). Marine mucilage in the Sea of Marmara and its effects on the marine ecosystem: mass deaths. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 46(1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2108-14 google scholar
• Lasiak, T. A. (1986). Juveniles, food and the surf zone habitat: implications for teleost nursery areas. South African Journal of Zoology, 21(1), 5156. https://doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1986.11447956 google scholar
• Le Cren, E. D. (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). The Journal of Animal Ecology, 201-219. google scholar
• Leonarduzzi, E., Brown, D. R. & Sânchez, R. P. (2010). Seasonal variations in the growth of anchovy larvae (Engraulis anchoita) on the Argentine coastal shelf. Scientia Marina, 74(2), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.3989/ scimar.2010.74n1267 google scholar
• Mandic, M., Regner, S., Gacic, Z., Burovic, M., Markovic, O. & Ikica, Z. (2014). Composition and diversity of ichthyoplankton in the Boka Kotorska Bay (South Adriatic Sea). Acta Adriatica, 55(2), 229-244. google scholar
• Matic-Skoko, S., Ferri, J., Kraljevic, M. & Dulcic, J. (2007). Growth of juvenile striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus (Teleostei: Sparidae), in the Adriatic Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23(3), 286. google scholar
• Mecozzi, M., Acquistucci, R., Di Noto, V., Pietrantonio, E., Amici, M. & Cardarilli, D. (2001). Characterization of mucilage aggregates in Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Sea: Structure similarities between mucilage samples and the insoluble fractions of marine humic substance. Chemosphere, 44(4), 709-720. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00375-1. google scholar
• Meier, S., Morton, H. C., Nyhammer, G., Gr0svik, B. E., Makhotin, V., Geffen, A., ... & Svardal, A. (2010). Development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water during early life stages: Effects on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish. Marine Environmental Research, 70(5), 383-394. google scholar
• Pauly, D. (1984). Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: A manual for use with programmable calculators. Philippines: Manila. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 8. ICLARM, 325 pp. google scholar
• Reis, I., & Ateş, C. (2020). Age, growth, length-weight relation, and reproduction of sand steenbras, Lithognathus mormyrus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sparidae), in the Köyceğiz Lagoon, Mediterranean. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 50(4), 445-451. google scholar
• Sardi, A. E., Begout, M. L., Cousin, X., Labadie, P., Loizeau, V, & Budzinski, H. (2021). A review of the effects of contamination and temperature in Solea solea larvae. Modeling perspectives in the context of climate change. Journal of Sea Research, 176, 102101. google scholar
• Savun-Hekimoğlu, B. & Gazioğlu, C. (2021). Mucilage problem in the semi-enclosed seas: recent outbreak in the Sea of Marmara. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 8(4), 402413 https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.955739. google scholar
• Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. (1987). Biostatistics. Francise & Co, New York, 10. Tom, M., Shmul, M., Shefer, E., Chen, N., Slor, H., Rinkevich, B. & Herut, B. (2003). Quantitative evaluation of hepatic cytochrome P4501A transcript, protein, and catalytic activity in the striped sea bream (Lithognathus mormyrus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 22(9), 2088-2092. https://doi.org/10.1897/02-275 google scholar
• Vitale, S., Arkhipkin, A., Cannizzaro, L. & Scalisi, M. (2011). Life history traits of the striped seabream Lithognathus mormyrus (Pisces, Sparidae) from two coastal fishing grounds in the Strait of Sicily. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(4), 1086-1094. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01775.x google scholar