DÖVİZ REZERV YETERLİLİK GÖSTERGELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: KAZAKİSTAN ÖRNEĞİ
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9, 119 - 130, 30.09.2018
Aziza Syzdykova
,
Aktolkin Abubakirova
Öz
Uluslararası rezervler, uluslararası para sistemi içinde önemli bir yere sahiptir ve ülkelerin ekonomik gücünü yansıtan önemli göstergelerden biridir. Bu sebepten uluslararası rezerv konusu sürekli araştırılan bir konu olmuştur. Ancak yapılan literatür taramasında, çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğunun teorik olduğu görülmüştür. Uygulamalı çalışmalar ise rezervin optimum seviyesini bulmaya odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada uluslararası rezervlerin kompozisyonu, rezerv talebi ve maliyeti, rezerv yeterlilik göstergeleri teorik olarak anlatıldıktan sonra, Kazakistan için 2000-2016 yılları arasında rezerv yeterliliği değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirilme yapılırken teorideki rezerv yeterlilik yaklaşımları esas alınmıştır.
Kaynakça
- BAHMANI-OSKOOEE, M., & Brown, F. (2002). Demand For International Reserves: A Review Article. Applied Economics, 34(10), 1209-1226
- BEN-BASSAT, A., & Gottlieb, D. (1992). Optimal International Reserves And Sovereign Risk. Journal Of International Economics, 33(3-4), 345-362.
- BIRD, G., & Rajan, R. (2003). Too Much Of A Good Thing? The Adequacy Of International Reserves In The Aftermath Of Crises. The World Economy, 26(6), 873-891.
- DOĞUKANLI, H.(2008). Uluslararası Finans, Karahan Kitabevi
FISHER, S. (2001). IMF/World Bank International Reserves: Policy Issue Forum. Opening Remarks. http://www.imf.org/external/np/ speeches/2001/042801.htm, Erişim: 10.09.2017
- GRIMSEY, D., & Lewis, M. K. (2011). Minimizing Collateral Damage: Options for Financing Public-private Partnerships in the Wake of the Financial Crisis (Doctoral dissertation, Edward Elgar Publishing), http://www.federalreserve.gov/broaddocs/speeches/1999/19990429.htm , Erişim: 09.09.2017
- HELLER, H. R. (1966). Optimal International Reserves. The Economic Journal, 76(302), 296-311.
- IMF (1993). Balance of Payments Manual, 5Edition, September
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bopman/bopman.pdf, Erişim: 06.09.2017
- IMF (2000). Reserve Related Indicators of External Vulnerability. Policy Development and Review, 3, 10-41.
- IMF (2001). “Guidelines for Foreign Exchange Reserve, https://www.imf.org/external/np/mae/ferm/2003/eng/part1.pdf Erişim: 06.09.2017
- IMF (2015). “International Reserves”, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/2015/eng/pdf/AR15_AppI.pdf, 06.09.2017
- Kazakistan Merkez Bankası (2017). Uluslararası rezervler ve döviz likiditesi, http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=3326&switch=kazakh Erişim: 06.09.2017
- KENEN, P. B., & Yudin, E. B. (1967). Demand for International Reserves: A Reply. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 626-627.
- MOVCHAN, P. V. (2002). Criteria for International Reserves’ Adequacy: What level of reserves does Ukraine need?.Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting, Kyiv, 15 August.
- MUNDELL, R. A. (1997). The International Monetary System in the 21st Century: Could Gold Make a Comeback?. Lecture delivered at St. Vincent College, Letrobe, Penn.(March 12). Http://www. columbia.
edu/~ ram15/LBE. htm. MULDER, M. C. B., & Bussière, M. M. (1999). External Vulnerability in Emerging
- Market Economies: How High Liquidity Can Offset Weak Fundamentals and The Effects of Contagion. International Monetary Fund.
- NIEHANS, J. (1970). The Need For Reserves Of A Single Country. International Reserves: Needs And Availability, 89.
- ROGER, S. (Ed.). (1993). The Management of Foreign Exchange Reserves (No. 38). Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Department.
- SEYİDOĞLU, H.(1990). Uluslararası İktisat, Geliştirilmiş 7.Baskı, İstanbul.
- TCMB (2005). Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası’nda Döviz Rezervi Yönetimi, Ağustos.
- TRIFFIN, R. (1946). National Central Banking And The International Economy. The Review of Economic Studies, 14(2), 53-75.
- YALÇINER, K. (2012). Uluslararası Finansman, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9, 119 - 130, 30.09.2018
Aziza Syzdykova
,
Aktolkin Abubakirova
Kaynakça
- BAHMANI-OSKOOEE, M., & Brown, F. (2002). Demand For International Reserves: A Review Article. Applied Economics, 34(10), 1209-1226
- BEN-BASSAT, A., & Gottlieb, D. (1992). Optimal International Reserves And Sovereign Risk. Journal Of International Economics, 33(3-4), 345-362.
- BIRD, G., & Rajan, R. (2003). Too Much Of A Good Thing? The Adequacy Of International Reserves In The Aftermath Of Crises. The World Economy, 26(6), 873-891.
- DOĞUKANLI, H.(2008). Uluslararası Finans, Karahan Kitabevi
FISHER, S. (2001). IMF/World Bank International Reserves: Policy Issue Forum. Opening Remarks. http://www.imf.org/external/np/ speeches/2001/042801.htm, Erişim: 10.09.2017
- GRIMSEY, D., & Lewis, M. K. (2011). Minimizing Collateral Damage: Options for Financing Public-private Partnerships in the Wake of the Financial Crisis (Doctoral dissertation, Edward Elgar Publishing), http://www.federalreserve.gov/broaddocs/speeches/1999/19990429.htm , Erişim: 09.09.2017
- HELLER, H. R. (1966). Optimal International Reserves. The Economic Journal, 76(302), 296-311.
- IMF (1993). Balance of Payments Manual, 5Edition, September
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bopman/bopman.pdf, Erişim: 06.09.2017
- IMF (2000). Reserve Related Indicators of External Vulnerability. Policy Development and Review, 3, 10-41.
- IMF (2001). “Guidelines for Foreign Exchange Reserve, https://www.imf.org/external/np/mae/ferm/2003/eng/part1.pdf Erişim: 06.09.2017
- IMF (2015). “International Reserves”, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/2015/eng/pdf/AR15_AppI.pdf, 06.09.2017
- Kazakistan Merkez Bankası (2017). Uluslararası rezervler ve döviz likiditesi, http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=3326&switch=kazakh Erişim: 06.09.2017
- KENEN, P. B., & Yudin, E. B. (1967). Demand for International Reserves: A Reply. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 626-627.
- MOVCHAN, P. V. (2002). Criteria for International Reserves’ Adequacy: What level of reserves does Ukraine need?.Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting, Kyiv, 15 August.
- MUNDELL, R. A. (1997). The International Monetary System in the 21st Century: Could Gold Make a Comeback?. Lecture delivered at St. Vincent College, Letrobe, Penn.(March 12). Http://www. columbia.
edu/~ ram15/LBE. htm. MULDER, M. C. B., & Bussière, M. M. (1999). External Vulnerability in Emerging
- Market Economies: How High Liquidity Can Offset Weak Fundamentals and The Effects of Contagion. International Monetary Fund.
- NIEHANS, J. (1970). The Need For Reserves Of A Single Country. International Reserves: Needs And Availability, 89.
- ROGER, S. (Ed.). (1993). The Management of Foreign Exchange Reserves (No. 38). Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Department.
- SEYİDOĞLU, H.(1990). Uluslararası İktisat, Geliştirilmiş 7.Baskı, İstanbul.
- TCMB (2005). Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası’nda Döviz Rezervi Yönetimi, Ağustos.
- TRIFFIN, R. (1946). National Central Banking And The International Economy. The Review of Economic Studies, 14(2), 53-75.
- YALÇINER, K. (2012). Uluslararası Finansman, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara