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INDIAN JEWS: THE BENE ISRAEL TRIBE AND ITS EFFECTS ON INDAA - ISRAEL RELATIONS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 12, 107 - 117, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.692876

Öz

The largest Jewish tribe that survive in India, Beni Israel, were alleged to have descended from Prophet Moses's brother Aaron as a result of the DNA tests made in 2002. Although there are different narrations about how and when they went to the India, it is said that Bene Israeli tribe is one of the ten lost Jewish tribes. They were called colonial powers' attention centuries later. As European states started to exploit India, they informed of the existence of the Bene Israel tribe and since then, they have had the opportunity to interact with Jews from different parts of the world. Deprived of the privileges after the British withdrawal from the region in 1947, the majority of Bene Israel began to migrate to Israel with the establishment of a Jewish state in 1948. The migration movement, which coincided with the period after the independence of India, was not welcomed by Israeli white Jews, but the reactions that took place over time caused the Israeli rabbis to step back. Jews who emigrated from India brought the culture of India along them and this has become an important factor in trade between the two countries over time. Since then, the Bene Israeli Tribe, not only has become an important factor in India-Israel relations, but also has become a diasporic power for both countries. In this paper, activities of Bene Israelis’ from past to present in India and Israel will be addressed, examining the historical background of the migration of Bene Israelis to India. In addition, it focuses on results of the immigration to Israel in 1948 and concludes with the explaining the activities of the Bene Israel Jews living in both countries today.

Kaynakça

  • Aafreedi, N. J. (2015). The Indian Jewry. Cafe Dissensus.
  • Abbink, J. G. (2002). Ethnic Trajectories in Israel. Comparing the "Bené Israel" and "Beta Israel" Communities, 1950-2000. Anthropos 97, (1): 3-19.
  • BBC (2018). Israel's Indian Jews and their lives in the 'promised land', , https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42731363, adresinden 15.01.2020 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Chabad, (2009). The Events at the Mumbai Chabad House and the Immediate Aftermath, https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1041916/jewish/The-Events.htm adresinden 15.09.2019 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Chin, B. (2017). The Indian Diaspora in Israel: Understanding the Past, Present and Future of Israelis of Indian Origins. ISAS Insights, No. 455.
  • Ehrlich, M. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. Santa Barbara (Vol. 2). Calif: ABC-CLIO.
  • Guttman, A. (2013). Writing Indians and Jews: Metaphorics of Jewishness in South Asian Literature, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hutchison, P. (2018). "Netanyahu trip highlights India’s tiny Jewish community", The Times of Israel, https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-trip-highlights-indias-tiny-jewish-community/, adresinden 15.01.2020 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Kala, S. S. (2000). Israel's policy of "Absorption Of İmmigrants": A Case Study Of The Indian Jews, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University.
  • Khandpekar, N. M. (2017). Jewish Diaspora Of Mumbai In The Late 19th Century As Covered By Press. Journal of Indian Research, 5 (3): 1-14.
  • Kuikman, J. (2014). The Bene Israel of India and the Politics of Jewish Identity. Studies in Religion / Sciences Religieuses, 43(1): 102–115.
  • Manfred, H. (2013). Between Mumbai and Manila: Judaism in Asia since the Founding of the State of Israel. Göttingen: V & R.
  • Numark, M. (2012). Hebrew School in Nineteenth-Century Bombay: Protestant Missionaries, Cochin Jews, and the Hebraization of India's Bene Israel Community. Modern Asian Studies, 46 (6): 1764-1808.
  • Parfitt, T. and Egorova, Y. (2005). Genetıcs, Hıstory, And Identıty: The Case Of The Bene Israel And The Lemba Culture. Medicine and Psychiatry, 29: 193–224.
  • Rastogi, P. (2017). In-between Histories and Stories: Jewish Indian Identities in the Fiction of Esther David. South Asian Review, 34 (2): 27-48.
  • Ray, D. (1996). Jews in Indian History After Independence. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 57: 568-574.
  • Roland, J. (2018). Bene Israel. (Ed. Sharma, A.). Encyclopedia of Indian Religions İçinde (Vol. 2). New York: Springer.
  • Singh, M. C. (2012). Indians and Israelis: Beyond Strategic Partnerships. Israel Studies, 17 (3): 22-44.
  • Strizower, S. (1966). The 'Bene Israel' in Israel. Middle Eastern Studies, 2 (2): 123-143 .
  • Şalom (2009). Yahudilerin Huzur İçinde Yaşadığı Ülke: Hindistan. http://www.salom.com.tr/arsiv/haber-71252 Yahudilerin_huzur_icinde_yasadigi_ulke_Hindistan.html adresinden 01.10.2019 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Taşpınar, İ. (2004). Hindistan Yahudileri. Dîvân İlmî Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16 (1): 139-160.
  • Wald, S.; Kandel, A. and Rivlin, R. (2017). India, Israel, and the Jewish People: Looking Ahead, Looking Back 25 Years After Normalization. Yerushalayim: ha-Makhon le-mediniyut ha-ʻam ha-Yehudi.
  • Waldman, Y. Y.; Biddanda, A.; Davidson, N. R.; Billing-Ross, P.; Dubrovsky, M.; Campbell, C.L.; Oddoux, C.; Friedman, E.; Atzmon, G.; Halperin, E.; Ostrer, H. and Keinan, A. (2016). The Genetics of Bene Israel from India Reveals Both Substantial Jewish and Indian Ancestry. Plos One, 11 (3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152056
  • Weil, S. (2012). The Bene Israel Indian Jewish Family in Transnational Context. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 43 (1): 71-80.

HİNDİSTAN YAHUDİLERİ: BENİ İSRAİL KABİLESİ VE HİNDİSTAN - İSRAİL İLİŞKİLERİNE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 12, 107 - 117, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.692876

Öz

Hindistan coğrafyasında varlığını sürdüren en büyük Yahudi kabilesi olan Beni İsraillerin 2002 yılında yapılan DNA testleri sonucunda Hz. Musa’nın kardeşi, Hz. Harun’un soyundan geldikleri iddia edilmiştir. Hindistan’a nasıl ve ne zaman gittikleri hakkında farklı rivayetler bulunan ve kayıp on Yahudi kabilesinden biri olduğu söylenen Beni İsrail Kabilesi, asırlar sonra sömürgeci güçlerin bölgeye gitmesiyle fark edilmişlerdir. Avrupalı devletlerin Hindistan’ı sömürmeye başlamasıyla varlıklarından haberdar olunan kabile, bu tarihten itibaren dünyanın farklı coğrafyalarındaki Yahudilerle etkileşime geçme fırsatı yakalamıştır. 1947 yılında İngilizlerin bölgeden çekilmesiyle sömürge döneminde elde etmiş oldukları imtiyazlardan mahrum kalan Yahudiler, 1948 yılında İsrail devletinin kurulmasıyla buraya göç etmeye başlamışlardır. Hindistan’ın bağımsızlığından sonraki döneme denk gelen bu göç hareketi, İsrailli beyaz Yahudiler tarafından hoş karşılanmasa da zamanla meydana gelen tepkiler, İsrailli din adamlarının geri adım atmasına neden olmuştur. Hindistan’dan göç eden Yahudiler, beraberlerinde Hindistan kültürünü de getirmiş ve bu durum zamanla iki ülke arasındaki ticarette önemli bir etken haline gelmiştir. Bu tarihten sonra Hindistan-İsrail ilişkilerinde önemli bir faktör haline gelen Beni İsrail Kabilesi, her iki ülke adına da başvurulan diasporik bir güç haline gelmiştir/gelmektedir. Bu makalede Hindistan’da yaşayan Beni İsraillerin Hindistan’a göçünün tarihsel arka planına bakılarak geçmişten günümüze Hindistan ve İsrail’deki faaliyetlerine değinilecektir. Devamında 1948 yılında bir Yahudi devletinin kurulmasıyla İsrail’e yapılan göçleri üzerinde durulacak ve günümüzde her iki ülkede yaşayan Beni İsraillerin faaliyetlerine değinilerek makale sona erdirilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Aafreedi, N. J. (2015). The Indian Jewry. Cafe Dissensus.
  • Abbink, J. G. (2002). Ethnic Trajectories in Israel. Comparing the "Bené Israel" and "Beta Israel" Communities, 1950-2000. Anthropos 97, (1): 3-19.
  • BBC (2018). Israel's Indian Jews and their lives in the 'promised land', , https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42731363, adresinden 15.01.2020 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Chabad, (2009). The Events at the Mumbai Chabad House and the Immediate Aftermath, https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1041916/jewish/The-Events.htm adresinden 15.09.2019 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Chin, B. (2017). The Indian Diaspora in Israel: Understanding the Past, Present and Future of Israelis of Indian Origins. ISAS Insights, No. 455.
  • Ehrlich, M. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. Santa Barbara (Vol. 2). Calif: ABC-CLIO.
  • Guttman, A. (2013). Writing Indians and Jews: Metaphorics of Jewishness in South Asian Literature, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hutchison, P. (2018). "Netanyahu trip highlights India’s tiny Jewish community", The Times of Israel, https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-trip-highlights-indias-tiny-jewish-community/, adresinden 15.01.2020 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Kala, S. S. (2000). Israel's policy of "Absorption Of İmmigrants": A Case Study Of The Indian Jews, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University.
  • Khandpekar, N. M. (2017). Jewish Diaspora Of Mumbai In The Late 19th Century As Covered By Press. Journal of Indian Research, 5 (3): 1-14.
  • Kuikman, J. (2014). The Bene Israel of India and the Politics of Jewish Identity. Studies in Religion / Sciences Religieuses, 43(1): 102–115.
  • Manfred, H. (2013). Between Mumbai and Manila: Judaism in Asia since the Founding of the State of Israel. Göttingen: V & R.
  • Numark, M. (2012). Hebrew School in Nineteenth-Century Bombay: Protestant Missionaries, Cochin Jews, and the Hebraization of India's Bene Israel Community. Modern Asian Studies, 46 (6): 1764-1808.
  • Parfitt, T. and Egorova, Y. (2005). Genetıcs, Hıstory, And Identıty: The Case Of The Bene Israel And The Lemba Culture. Medicine and Psychiatry, 29: 193–224.
  • Rastogi, P. (2017). In-between Histories and Stories: Jewish Indian Identities in the Fiction of Esther David. South Asian Review, 34 (2): 27-48.
  • Ray, D. (1996). Jews in Indian History After Independence. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 57: 568-574.
  • Roland, J. (2018). Bene Israel. (Ed. Sharma, A.). Encyclopedia of Indian Religions İçinde (Vol. 2). New York: Springer.
  • Singh, M. C. (2012). Indians and Israelis: Beyond Strategic Partnerships. Israel Studies, 17 (3): 22-44.
  • Strizower, S. (1966). The 'Bene Israel' in Israel. Middle Eastern Studies, 2 (2): 123-143 .
  • Şalom (2009). Yahudilerin Huzur İçinde Yaşadığı Ülke: Hindistan. http://www.salom.com.tr/arsiv/haber-71252 Yahudilerin_huzur_icinde_yasadigi_ulke_Hindistan.html adresinden 01.10.2019 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Taşpınar, İ. (2004). Hindistan Yahudileri. Dîvân İlmî Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16 (1): 139-160.
  • Wald, S.; Kandel, A. and Rivlin, R. (2017). India, Israel, and the Jewish People: Looking Ahead, Looking Back 25 Years After Normalization. Yerushalayim: ha-Makhon le-mediniyut ha-ʻam ha-Yehudi.
  • Waldman, Y. Y.; Biddanda, A.; Davidson, N. R.; Billing-Ross, P.; Dubrovsky, M.; Campbell, C.L.; Oddoux, C.; Friedman, E.; Atzmon, G.; Halperin, E.; Ostrer, H. and Keinan, A. (2016). The Genetics of Bene Israel from India Reveals Both Substantial Jewish and Indian Ancestry. Plos One, 11 (3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152056
  • Weil, S. (2012). The Bene Israel Indian Jewish Family in Transnational Context. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 43 (1): 71-80.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Aydın Güven

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 12

Kaynak Göster

APA Güven, A. (2020). HİNDİSTAN YAHUDİLERİ: BENİ İSRAİL KABİLESİ VE HİNDİSTAN - İSRAİL İLİŞKİLERİNE ETKİLERİ. Asya Studies, 4(12), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.692876

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