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Sürdürülebilir e-Ticaret: Çevresel, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Boyutlarda Dönüşüm

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 31, 261 - 290, 25.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.1622024

Öz

E-ticaret, son yıllarda küresel ticaretin temel dinamiklerinden biri haline gelmiştir ve özellikle dijitalleşme ile hızla büyüyen bir sektördür. Ancak, bu hızlı büyüme yalnızca ekonomik faydalar sağlamakla kalmamış, çevresel ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemli sorumluluklar doğurmuştur. Bu çalışma, e-ticaretin sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine katkısını çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında detaylı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, e-ticaretin çevresel etkilerinin nasıl yönetilebileceği, ekonomik kalkınma hedefleriyle uyumlu stratejilerin nasıl geliştirilebileceği ve sosyal sorumlulukların nasıl yerine getirilebileceği konularında bir yol haritası sunmaktır.
Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından, e-ticaretin lojistik, ambalajlama ve dijital altyapı kullanımı gibi süreçlerinden kaynaklanan olumsuz çevresel etkiler önemli bir sorundur. Bu olumsuz etkilerin azaltılması için yeşil lojistik çözümleri, geri dönüştürülmüş malzemelerle yapılan ambalajlar ve karbon emisyonlarını düşürecek dijitalleşme stratejileri önerilmektedir. Ayrıca, dijital altyapıların güçlendirilmesi ve çevre dostu teknolojilerin benimsenmesi, e-ticaretin çevresel sürdürülebilirliğini iyileştirmede önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.
Ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik açısından, e-ticaretin KOBİ’lerin küresel pazarlara erişimini artırarak ekonomik büyümeye katkıda bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dijitalleşme, bu işletmelerin daha verimli çalışarak yeni fırsatlar yaratmasına olanak tanımaktadır. Ancak ekonomik büyümenin yalnızca finansal anlamda değil, çevresel ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlikle uyumlu olması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Sosyal sürdürülebilirlik açısından, e-ticaret platformlarının iş gücü haklarını gözetmesi, sosyal sorumluluklarını yerine getirmesi ve tüketicileri çevre dostu ürünler konusunda bilinçlendirmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, tüketici farkındalığının artırılması ve sürdürülebilir alışveriş alışkanlıklarının yaygınlaştırılması gerektiği ifade edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, e-ticaretin sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine katkı sağlayabilmesi için çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerinin birlikte yönetilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Ö. F., & Tunca, M. Z. (2018). Sürdürülebilir elektronik ticaretin ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel boyutları üzerine bir araştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(25), 549-565. https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.451736
  • Adeniran, A. O., Sidiq, O. B., Adeniran, A. A., & Oyeniran, G. T. (2024). Sustainability impact of digital transformation in e-commerce logistics. International Journal of Innovation in Marketing Elements, 4(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00834
  • Altay Topcu, B. (2021). Dijital ekonomi ve dijital ekonomi göstergelerinin sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi: AB ülkeleri örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 4(2), 455-465. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.958754
  • Altın, B. K., & Kırçova, İ. (2024). Tüketiciler, e-ticaret kapsamında iade süreçleri ve bunların çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik etkileri hakkında ne kadar farkındalığa sahipler? Socrates Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 10(43), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12675647
  • Belvedere, V., Kotzab, H., & Martinelli, E. M. (2024). Environmental sustainability and information sharing related to delivery options in the B2B2C context of e-commerce: Evidence from a survey. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-02-2023-0083
  • Chaudhary, S. (2016). Effect of e-commerce on organization sustainability. Delhi School of Business Working Paper. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2795411
  • Criveanu, M. M. (2023). Investigating digital intensity and e-commerce as drivers for sustainability and economic growth in the EU countries. Electronics, 12(2318), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102318
  • Escursell, S., Llorach-Massana, P., & Blanca, M. R. (2021). Sustainability in e-commerce packaging: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, (280), 124314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124314
  • ETR. (2023). Türkiye e-ticaret ekosistemi https://media.iyzico.com/b/2024/07/2023-turkiye-e-ticaret-raporu.pdf
  • Fichter, K. (2008). E-commerce: Sorting out the environmental consequences. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 6(2), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1162/108819802763471762
  • Hasanat, M. W., Hoque, A., Shikha, F. A., Anwar, M., Hamid, A., & Tat, H. H. (2020). The impact of coronavirus (Covid-19) on e-business in Malaysia. Indo - Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.10.009
  • Ignat, B., & Chankov, S. (2020). Do e-commerce customers change their preferred last-mile delivery based on its sustainability impact? The International Journal of Logistics Management, 31(3), 521–548. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-11-2019-0305
  • Islam, M. S., Proma, A. M., Wohn, C., Berger, K., Uong, S., Kumar, V., Korfmacher, K. S., & Hoque, E. (2023). SEER: Sustainable e-commerce with environmental-impact rating. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 8, 100104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2022.100104
  • Jalil, F., Yang, J., Al-Okaily, M., & Rehman, S. U. (2024). E-commerce for a sustainable future: Integrating trust, green supply chain management and online shopping satisfaction. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(10), 2354-2370. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-12-2023-1188
  • Kennedy, S. I., Marjerison, R. K., Yu, Y., Zi, Q., Tang, X., & Yang, Z. (2022). E-commerce engagement: A prerequisite for economic sustainability—An empirical examination of influencing factors. Sustainability, 14(8), 4554. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084554
  • Mangiaracina, R., Marchet, G., Perego, S., & Tumino, A. (2015). A review of the environmental implications of B2C e-commerce: A logistics perspective. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 45(6), 565-591. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-06-2014-0133
  • Nogueira, G. P. M., Rangel, J. J. A., & Shimoda, E. (2021). Sustainable last-mile distribution in B2C e-commerce: Do consumers really care? Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 3, 100021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2021.100021
  • Nogueira, G. P. M., Silva, S. V., Hasenclever, L., & Rangel, J. J. A. (2024). Sustainability in B2C e-commerce: a literature review and future research opportunities in last-mile deliveries. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04471-2
  • Oláh, J., Kitukutha, N., Haddad, H., Pakurár, M., Máté, D., & Popp, J. (2019). Achieving sustainable e-commerce in environmental, social and economic dimensions by taking possible trade-offs. Sustainability, 11(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010089
  • Öztürkçü, N., & Aydemir, M. F. (2023). Sınır-ötesi e-ticarette kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik: Bir inceleme. 1. Bursa Uluslararası Ticaret ve Lojistik Sempozyumu, 261-273. Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Rabbi, M. F., Amin, M. B., Al-Dalahmeh, M., & Abdullah, M. (2024). Assessing the role of information technology in promoting environmental sustainability and preventing crime in e-commerce. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00834
  • Revinova, S. (2021). E-commerce effects for the sustainable development goals. SHS Web of Conferences, 114, 1-8, 01013. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111401013
  • Shukla, S., Mohanty, B. K., & Kumar, A. (2018). Strategizing sustainability in e-commerce channels for additive manufacturing using value-focused thinking and fuzzy cognitive maps. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 118(2), 390–411. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-03-2017-0122
  • Singh, D. K., & Aithal, P. S. (2024). Navigating Sustainable Practices in E-commerce: A Systematic Literature Review with Insights from the ADO Framework. International Journal of Applied Engineering and Management Letters (IJAEML), 8(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10589805
  • Sun, M., Grondys, K., Hajiyev, N., & Zhukov, P. (2021). Improving the e-commerce business model in a sustainable environment. Sustainability, 13(22), 12667. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212667
  • Suzuki, Y. (2024). Investigating sustainability of e-commerce packaging based on environmental evaluation. Master’s Thesis, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-51.
  • Wu, M., & Long, R. (2024). Consumers' green product purchase intention considering para-social interaction: An experimental study based on live-streaming e-commerce. Journal of Cleaner Production, 481, 144169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144169
  • Xie, H., Chang, S., Wang, Y., & Afzal, A. (2023). The impact of e-commerce on environmental sustainability targets in selected European countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(1), 230-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2117718
  • Zhang, M. (2023). Sustainability transitions in e-commerce research—Academic achievements and impediments. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 3, 1725–1746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-023-00252-7
  • Zhang, Y., Lu, K., & Chen, H. (2024). Enhancing urban sustainability through e-commerce transformation: Insights on energy conservation and emission reduction. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02163-w

Sustainable e-Commerce: Transformation in Environmental, Economic, and Social Dimensions

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 31, 261 - 290, 25.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.1622024

Öz

E-commerce has become one of the key dynamics of global trade in recent years, particularly as a rapidly growing sector with the advancement of digitalization. However, this rapid growth has not only provided economic benefits but has also brought about significant responsibilities in terms of environmental and social sustainability. This study examines in detail the contribution of e-commerce to sustainable development goals in the context of environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The aim of the study is to provide a roadmap for how the environmental impacts of e-commerce can be managed, how strategies can be developed in alignment with economic development goals, and how social responsibilities can be fulfilled.
From the perspective of environmental sustainability, the negative environmental impacts arising from e-commerce processes, such as logistics, packaging, and the use of digital infrastructure, are a significant issue. To mitigate these negative impacts, green logistics solutions, packaging made from recycled materials, and digitalization strategies that reduce carbon emissions are proposed. Additionally, strengthening digital infrastructures and adopting eco-friendly technologies play a crucial role in improving the environmental sustainability of e-commerce.
From an economic sustainability perspective, it has been found that e-commerce contributes to economic growth by increasing the access of SMEs to global markets. Digitalization enables these businesses to work more efficiently and create new opportunities. However, it is emphasized that economic growth should not only be financial but also aligned with environmental and social sustainability. Regarding social sustainability, e-commerce platforms must respect labor rights, fulfill their social responsibilities, and raise consumer awareness about eco-friendly products. Moreover, increasing consumer awareness and promoting sustainable shopping habits is essential. In conclusion, it has been determined that for e-commerce to contribute to sustainable development goals, environmental, economic, and social sustainability principles must be managed together.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Ö. F., & Tunca, M. Z. (2018). Sürdürülebilir elektronik ticaretin ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel boyutları üzerine bir araştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(25), 549-565. https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.451736
  • Adeniran, A. O., Sidiq, O. B., Adeniran, A. A., & Oyeniran, G. T. (2024). Sustainability impact of digital transformation in e-commerce logistics. International Journal of Innovation in Marketing Elements, 4(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00834
  • Altay Topcu, B. (2021). Dijital ekonomi ve dijital ekonomi göstergelerinin sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi: AB ülkeleri örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 4(2), 455-465. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.958754
  • Altın, B. K., & Kırçova, İ. (2024). Tüketiciler, e-ticaret kapsamında iade süreçleri ve bunların çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik etkileri hakkında ne kadar farkındalığa sahipler? Socrates Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 10(43), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12675647
  • Belvedere, V., Kotzab, H., & Martinelli, E. M. (2024). Environmental sustainability and information sharing related to delivery options in the B2B2C context of e-commerce: Evidence from a survey. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-02-2023-0083
  • Chaudhary, S. (2016). Effect of e-commerce on organization sustainability. Delhi School of Business Working Paper. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2795411
  • Criveanu, M. M. (2023). Investigating digital intensity and e-commerce as drivers for sustainability and economic growth in the EU countries. Electronics, 12(2318), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102318
  • Escursell, S., Llorach-Massana, P., & Blanca, M. R. (2021). Sustainability in e-commerce packaging: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, (280), 124314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124314
  • ETR. (2023). Türkiye e-ticaret ekosistemi https://media.iyzico.com/b/2024/07/2023-turkiye-e-ticaret-raporu.pdf
  • Fichter, K. (2008). E-commerce: Sorting out the environmental consequences. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 6(2), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1162/108819802763471762
  • Hasanat, M. W., Hoque, A., Shikha, F. A., Anwar, M., Hamid, A., & Tat, H. H. (2020). The impact of coronavirus (Covid-19) on e-business in Malaysia. Indo - Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.10.009
  • Ignat, B., & Chankov, S. (2020). Do e-commerce customers change their preferred last-mile delivery based on its sustainability impact? The International Journal of Logistics Management, 31(3), 521–548. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-11-2019-0305
  • Islam, M. S., Proma, A. M., Wohn, C., Berger, K., Uong, S., Kumar, V., Korfmacher, K. S., & Hoque, E. (2023). SEER: Sustainable e-commerce with environmental-impact rating. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 8, 100104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2022.100104
  • Jalil, F., Yang, J., Al-Okaily, M., & Rehman, S. U. (2024). E-commerce for a sustainable future: Integrating trust, green supply chain management and online shopping satisfaction. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(10), 2354-2370. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-12-2023-1188
  • Kennedy, S. I., Marjerison, R. K., Yu, Y., Zi, Q., Tang, X., & Yang, Z. (2022). E-commerce engagement: A prerequisite for economic sustainability—An empirical examination of influencing factors. Sustainability, 14(8), 4554. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084554
  • Mangiaracina, R., Marchet, G., Perego, S., & Tumino, A. (2015). A review of the environmental implications of B2C e-commerce: A logistics perspective. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 45(6), 565-591. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-06-2014-0133
  • Nogueira, G. P. M., Rangel, J. J. A., & Shimoda, E. (2021). Sustainable last-mile distribution in B2C e-commerce: Do consumers really care? Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 3, 100021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2021.100021
  • Nogueira, G. P. M., Silva, S. V., Hasenclever, L., & Rangel, J. J. A. (2024). Sustainability in B2C e-commerce: a literature review and future research opportunities in last-mile deliveries. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04471-2
  • Oláh, J., Kitukutha, N., Haddad, H., Pakurár, M., Máté, D., & Popp, J. (2019). Achieving sustainable e-commerce in environmental, social and economic dimensions by taking possible trade-offs. Sustainability, 11(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010089
  • Öztürkçü, N., & Aydemir, M. F. (2023). Sınır-ötesi e-ticarette kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik: Bir inceleme. 1. Bursa Uluslararası Ticaret ve Lojistik Sempozyumu, 261-273. Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Rabbi, M. F., Amin, M. B., Al-Dalahmeh, M., & Abdullah, M. (2024). Assessing the role of information technology in promoting environmental sustainability and preventing crime in e-commerce. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00834
  • Revinova, S. (2021). E-commerce effects for the sustainable development goals. SHS Web of Conferences, 114, 1-8, 01013. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111401013
  • Shukla, S., Mohanty, B. K., & Kumar, A. (2018). Strategizing sustainability in e-commerce channels for additive manufacturing using value-focused thinking and fuzzy cognitive maps. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 118(2), 390–411. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-03-2017-0122
  • Singh, D. K., & Aithal, P. S. (2024). Navigating Sustainable Practices in E-commerce: A Systematic Literature Review with Insights from the ADO Framework. International Journal of Applied Engineering and Management Letters (IJAEML), 8(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10589805
  • Sun, M., Grondys, K., Hajiyev, N., & Zhukov, P. (2021). Improving the e-commerce business model in a sustainable environment. Sustainability, 13(22), 12667. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212667
  • Suzuki, Y. (2024). Investigating sustainability of e-commerce packaging based on environmental evaluation. Master’s Thesis, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-51.
  • Wu, M., & Long, R. (2024). Consumers' green product purchase intention considering para-social interaction: An experimental study based on live-streaming e-commerce. Journal of Cleaner Production, 481, 144169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144169
  • Xie, H., Chang, S., Wang, Y., & Afzal, A. (2023). The impact of e-commerce on environmental sustainability targets in selected European countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(1), 230-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2117718
  • Zhang, M. (2023). Sustainability transitions in e-commerce research—Academic achievements and impediments. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 3, 1725–1746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-023-00252-7
  • Zhang, Y., Lu, K., & Chen, H. (2024). Enhancing urban sustainability through e-commerce transformation: Insights on energy conservation and emission reduction. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02163-w
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre Politikası
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ahmet Kasap 0000-0001-7231-2693

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 2 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 31

Kaynak Göster

APA Kasap, A. (2025). Sustainable e-Commerce: Transformation in Environmental, Economic, and Social Dimensions. Asya Studies, 9(31), 261-290. https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.1622024

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