İNGİLİZ KOLONİSİ BENGAL´DE KITLIKLAR

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 197 - 216, 30.12.2019

Hüseyin Günarslan

Öz

İngiltere´nin
kolonilerinden birisi olan Bengal´de gerçekleşmiş 1770 ve 1943-1944
kıtlıklarında milyonlarca insan hayatını kaybetmiştir. 1770 kıtlığı
İngilizlerin yerel halka uyguladığı ağır vergiler ve ürün yetiştirme
politikasındaki değişikler nedeni ile yaşanmıştır. 1943-1944 kıtlığının
yaşanmasında ise 2. Dünya savaşı şartlarında İngilizlerin ülkede uyguladığı
yanlış politikalar etkilidir. Kendi çıkarlarını Bengal halkının önünde tutan
İngilizler halkı açıkça açlığa mahkûm etmiştir. Bu dönemde Bengal´in Japonlarca
istila edilebileceğini düşünen İngilizler ülkenin zengin tarım ürünlerinin
Japonların eline geçmemesi için gayret sarf etmişlerdir. Japonları aç bırakma
planları ile yerel halk açlığa mahkûm edilmiştir. Kıtlık baş gösterince de
elinde imkân olmasına rağmen İngilizler halka yeterli yardımı yapmamıştır.
Gerek 1770 gerekse 1943-1944 kıtlığında ülkeyi fiilen yöneten İngilizler olduğu
için kıtlıklar ile İngilizler arasındaki bağın araştırılması gereklidir.
Böylece Hint halkının İngiliz yönetimi altında nasıl hayat mücadelesi verdiğinin
daha iyi anlaşılacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İngiltere, Bengal, Koloni, Kıtlık, Doğu Hindistan Şirketi

Kaynakça

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