Gençlerde Depresyon, Anksiyete, OKB ve Yaşantısal Kaçınma Arasındaki İlişkilerin Düşük ve Yüksek Düzeyli COVID-19 Korkusu Bağlamında karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 36 - 45, 30.12.2024

Hümeyra Veyis , Kasım Karaca

Öz

Aim: It is thought that the level of fear that develops due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) will be an important risk source for the development of various psychological disorders in young people and the psychological qualities of adolescents may play an important role in increasing this risk. In this context, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of experiential avoidance among the symptoms of depression, anxiety and OCD in young people with high and low fear of COVID-19.
Methods: A total of 1150 adolescents, with 330 high and 820 low COVID-19 fear was included in the study in the Turkish sample, and data collection was carried out online. Structural equation model was used to determine the direct and indirect predictive effects between variables in data analysis.
Results and Conclusion: Research results show that the relationship of adolescents with high COVID-19 fear differed significantly in terms of depression, anxiety, experiential avoidance and OCD symptoms compared to those with low COVID-19 fear. In this context, fear of high COVID-19 was evaluated as an important risk factor for psychological symptoms and OCD in young people and this finding was discussed in the context of the related literature.
Keywords: Fear of COVID-19, experiential avoidance, depression, OCD

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 Fear, Depression, Anxiety

Kaynakça

• Ahorsu, D.K., Lin, C.Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M.D., & Pakpour, A.H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
• Ay, I., Seçer, I., & Şimşek, M.K. (2017). Adapting depression and anxiety questionnaire for children into Turkish: Reliability and validity studies. International Education Studies, 10(3), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n3p185
• Banerjee, D. (2020). The other side of COVID-19: Impact on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Hoarding. Psychiatry Research. 288,112966. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112966
• Briggs, E.S., & Price, I.R. (2009). The relationship between adverse childhood experience and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs: The role of anxiety, depression, and experiential avoidance. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(8),1037-1046. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.004
• Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227),912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
• Dalton, L., Rapa, E., & Stein, A. (2020). Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(5), 346-347.doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30097-3
• Ebesutani, C., Reise, S. P., Chorpita, B. F., Ale, C., Regan, J., Young, J., Higa-McMillan, C., & Weisz, J. R. (2012). The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Short Version: Scale reduction via exploratory bifactor modeling of the broad anxiety factor. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 833–845. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027283
• Foa, E., Coles, M., Huppert, J., Pasupuleti, R., Franklin, M., & March, J. (2010). Development and Validation of a child version of the obsessive compulsive ınventory. Behavior Therapy, 41(1), 121–132. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2009.02.001.
• Golberstein, E., Wen, H., & Miller, B. F. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health for children and adolescents. JAMA pediatrics.
• Gravetter, F., & Wallnau, L. (2014). Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 8th Edn Belmont. CA: Wadsworth.
• Hayes, S.C., Strosahl, K.D., & Wilson, K.G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change New York: Guilford Press.
• Hayes, S.C., Wilson, K.W., Gifford, E.V., Follette, V.M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6),1152-1168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
• Lin, C. Y. (2020). Social reaction toward the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Social Health and Behavior, 3(1), 1.
• Liu, C., Marchewka, J. T., Lu, J., & Yu, C. S. (2005). Beyond concern—a privacy-trust-behavioral intention model of electronic commerce. Information & Management, 42(2), 289-304.
• Liu, J. J., Bao, Y., Huang, X., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(5), 347-349.
• Mahaffey, B.L., Wheaton, M.G., Fabricant, L.E., Berman, N.C., & Abramowitz, J.S. (2013). The contribution of experiential avoidance and social cognitions in the prediction of social anxiety. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41(1), 52-65. https://doi.org /10.1017/S1352465812000367
• Oosterhoff, M. (2020). Verspreid GGZ-kennis via sociale media. Kind & Adolescent Praktijk, 19(1), 42-44.
• Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: Mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 00:000-000. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
• Ottenbreit, N. D., & Dobson, K. S. (2004). Avoidance and depression: the construction of the Cognitive–Behavioral Avoidance Scale. Behaviour research and therapy, 42(3), 293-313. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00140-2
• Pakpour, A. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders.
• Park, S.C., & Park, Y.C. (2020). Mental health care measures in response to the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Korea. Psychiatry Investigation, 17(2),85-6. doi: 10.30773/pi.2020.0058
• Reardon, S. (2015). Ebola's mental-health wounds linger in Africa: Health-care workers struggle to help people who have been traumatized by the epidemic. Nature, 519(7541), 13-15.
• Sahdra, B.K., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P., & Scrucca, L. (2016). Using genetic algorithms in a large nationally representative American sample to abbreviate the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology , 7,189. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00189
• Santanello, A.W., & Gardner, F.L. (2007). The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(3),319-332. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10608-006-9000-6
• Seçer, İ. (2014). Analysis of the Relations between Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms and Anxiety Sensitivity in Adolescents with Structural Equation Modeling. Education & Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 39(176).355-367. DOI: 10.15390/EB.2014.3516
• Seçer, İ. (2014). Adapting the child version of obsessive-compulsive ınventory into Turkish: The study of reliability and validity. Education and Science, 39(176), 355-367. doı: 10.15390/EB.2014.3516
• Seçer, İ. (2015). Practical Data Analysis with SPSS and LİSREL (2nd Edition). Ankara: Anı Publishing.
• Seçer, İ., & Ulaş, S. (2020). The mediator role of academic resilience in the relationship of anxiety sensitivity, social and adaptive functioning, and school refusal with school attachment in high school students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11,557. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.0055
• Seçer, İ. & Ulaş, S. (2020). An Investigation of the Effect of COVID-19 on OCD in Youth in the Context of Emotional Reactivity, Experiential Avoidance, Depression and Anxiety. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00322-z
• Shigemura, J., Ursano, R.J., Morganstein, J.C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D.M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(4):281-82. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12988
• Shultz, J. M., Cooper, J. L., Baingana, F., Oquendo, M. A., Espinel, Z., Althouse, B. M., ... & Mazurik, L. (2016). The role of fear-related behaviors in the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(11), 104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0741-y
• Stein, A., Lehtonen, A., Harvey, A. G., Nicol-Harper, R., & Craske, M. (2009). The influence of postnatal psychiatric disorder on child development. Psychopathology, 42(1), 11-21.
• Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics, 6th Edn. Boston: Pearson
• Trochim, W. M., & Donnelly, J. P. (2006). Research methods knowledge base. 2006. Mason, OH: Atomic Dog Publishing.
• Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395(10228), 945-947.
• Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729
• Wang, Y., McKee, M., Torbica, A., & Stuckler, D. (2019). Systematic literature review on the spread of health-related misinformation on social media. Social Science & Medicine, 240,112552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112552
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019): Situation report-54. Available on: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200314-sitrep-54-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=dcd46351_2.2
• Yao, H., Chen, J. H., & Xu, Y. F. (2020). Rethinking online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian journal of psychiatry, 50, 102015.
• Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8