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Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: G7 Ülkeleri Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 4, 1481 - 1495, 15.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.16951/atauniiibd.938207

Öz

Enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada G7 ülkelerinin 1993-2018 dönemine ait veriler kullanılmıştır. Ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi, sera gazı emisyonu ve ticari açıklık değerlerinin analize dahil edildiği çalışmada Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund panel eşbütünleşme analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca, uzun dönemli ilişkinin tahmini için ortalama grup dinamik en küçük kareler (DOLSMG) yöntemi ile uzun ve kısa dönemli ilişkinin tahmini için genişletilmiş ortalama grup tahmincisi (AMG) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Eşbütünleşme analizi sonuçlarına göre enerji tüketimi, ticari açıklık, sera gazı emisyonu ve ekonomik büyümenin eşbütünleşik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, uzun dönemli ilişkinin tahmini için yapılan ortalama grup dinamik en küçük kareler (DOLSMG) yöntemi sonuçlarına göre uzun dönemde bağımsız değişkenlerin enerji tüketimini etkilediği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak, uzun ve kısa dönemli ilişkinin tahmini için kullanılan AMG yöntemi sonuçlarına göre, i) ticari açıklığın istatistiksel olarak anlamsız olduğu, ii) sera gazı emisyonundaki ve ekonomik büyümedeki artışın enerji tüketimini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Altiner A. (2019). MINT Ülkelerinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 10(2), 369-378.
  • Ando, T. ve Bai, J. (2015). A simple new test for slope homogeneity in panel data models with interactive effects. Economics Letters, Elsevier, 136(C), 112-117.
  • Apergis, N., Payne, J.E. (2009). Energy consumption and economic growth in central America: evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model. Energy Economics, 31, 211–216.
  • Bakırtaş, T. ve Akpolat, A.G. (2018). The relationship between energy consumption, urbanization, and economic growth in new emerging-market countries. Energy, 147, 110-121.
  • Bond, S.R. ve Eberhardt, M. (2009). Cross-Section Dependence in Nonstationary Panel Models: A Novel Estimator. Nordic Econometrics Meeting, Sweeden.
  • Bozkurt, K. ve Yanardağ, M.Ö. (2017). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Bir Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15, 194-213.
  • Bozma, G., Aydın, R. ve Kolçak, M. (2018). BRICS ve MINT Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme ve Enerji Tüketimi İlişkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15, 323-338.
  • Breusch, T. ve Pagan, A. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Canh, N.P., Schinckus, C., Thanh, S.D. ve Chong, F.H.L. (2021). The determinants of the energy consumption: A shadow economybased perspective. Energy, 225, 1-14.
  • Çınar, S. ve Yılmazer, M. (2015). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Belirleyicileri ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 55-78.
  • Eberhardt, M. ve Teal, F. (2010). Productivity Analysis in Global Manufacturing Production. Department of Economics, University of Oxford, WP.
  • Ebohon, O.J., 1996. Energy, economic growth and causality in developing countries: a case study of Tanzania and Nigeria. Energy Policy,24, 447–453.
  • Erdoğan, S., Gedikli, A., Demir Yılmaz, A., Haider, A. ve Zafar, M.W. (2020). Investigation of energy consumption–Economic growth nexus: A note on MENA sample. Energy Reports, 5, 1281–1292.
  • Gengenbach, C., Urbain, J. ve Westerlund, J. (2016). Error Correction Testing in Panels with Common Sthocastic Trends. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31, 982-1004.
  • Gozgor, G., Lau, C.K.M. ve Lu, Z. (2018). Energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from the OECD countries. Energy, 153, 27-34.
  • Kahouli, B. (2019). Does static and dynamic relationship between economic growth and energy consumption exist in OECD countries?. Energy Reports, 5, 104–116.
  • Konak, A. (2020). G-7 Ülkelerinde İhracatın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11 (21), 232-251. Muhammad, B. (2019). Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in developed, emerging and Middle East and North Africa countries. Energy, 179, 232-245.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing Power Parity Tests in Cointegrated Panels. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83 (4), 727-731.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M.H. ve Smith, R.P. (1995). Estimating Long-Run Relationship from Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 79-113.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Ullah, A. & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error crosssection independence. Econ J, 11 (1), 105-127.
  • Rahman MM, The dynamic nexus of energy consumption, international trade and economic growth in BRICS and ASEAN countries: A panel causality test. Energy, 229, 1-10.
  • Sadorsky, P. 2012. Energy Consumption, Output and Trade in South America, Energy Economics. 34, 476–488.
  • Saidi, K., Rahman, M.M. ve Amamri, M. (2017). The causal nexus between economic growth and energy consumption: New evidence from global panel of 53 countries. Sustainable Cities and Society, 33, 45–56.
  • Shahbaz, M., Zakaria, M., Shahzad, S.J.H. ve Mahalik, M.K. (2018). The energy consumption and economic growth nexus in top ten energy-consuming countries: Fresh evidence from using the quantile-on-quantile approach. Energy Economics, 71, 282–301.
  • Squalli, J., 2007. Electricity consumption and economic growth: bounds and causality analyses of OPEC countries. Energy Economics, 29, 1192–1205.
  • Swamy, P. (1970). Efficient Inference in A Random Coefficient Regression Model. Econometrica, 38(2), 311-322.
  • Sweeney, J.L. (2000). Economics of Energy. Stanford University, 4(9), 1-28.
  • Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2020). İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata Uygulamalı 4. Baskı, Beta, İstanbul.
  • Templet, P.H., 1999. Energy, diversity and development in economic systems: an empirical analysis. Energy Policy, 30, 223–233.

The Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of G7 Countries

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 4, 1481 - 1495, 15.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.16951/atauniiibd.938207

Öz

In this study, which investigates the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, the data of the G7 countries from 1993 to 2018 were used. Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund panel cointegration analysis was used in the study in which economic growth, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and trade openness values were included in the analysis. In addition, the mean group dynamic least squares (DOLSMG) method was used for the estimation of the long-term relationship, and the extended mean group estimator (AMG) method was used for the estimation of the long and short-term relationship. According to the results of the cointegration analysis, it has been determined that energy consumption, trade openness, greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth are cointegrated. According to the results of the average group dynamic least squares (DOLSMG) method for the estimation of the long-term relationship, it was concluded that the independent variables affect the energy consumption in the long run. Finally, according to the results of the AMG method used to estimate the long- and short-term relationship, it was determined that i) trade openness was statistically insignificant, ii) the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth increased energy consumption.

Kaynakça

  • Altiner A. (2019). MINT Ülkelerinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 10(2), 369-378.
  • Ando, T. ve Bai, J. (2015). A simple new test for slope homogeneity in panel data models with interactive effects. Economics Letters, Elsevier, 136(C), 112-117.
  • Apergis, N., Payne, J.E. (2009). Energy consumption and economic growth in central America: evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model. Energy Economics, 31, 211–216.
  • Bakırtaş, T. ve Akpolat, A.G. (2018). The relationship between energy consumption, urbanization, and economic growth in new emerging-market countries. Energy, 147, 110-121.
  • Bond, S.R. ve Eberhardt, M. (2009). Cross-Section Dependence in Nonstationary Panel Models: A Novel Estimator. Nordic Econometrics Meeting, Sweeden.
  • Bozkurt, K. ve Yanardağ, M.Ö. (2017). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Bir Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15, 194-213.
  • Bozma, G., Aydın, R. ve Kolçak, M. (2018). BRICS ve MINT Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme ve Enerji Tüketimi İlişkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15, 323-338.
  • Breusch, T. ve Pagan, A. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Canh, N.P., Schinckus, C., Thanh, S.D. ve Chong, F.H.L. (2021). The determinants of the energy consumption: A shadow economybased perspective. Energy, 225, 1-14.
  • Çınar, S. ve Yılmazer, M. (2015). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Belirleyicileri ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 55-78.
  • Eberhardt, M. ve Teal, F. (2010). Productivity Analysis in Global Manufacturing Production. Department of Economics, University of Oxford, WP.
  • Ebohon, O.J., 1996. Energy, economic growth and causality in developing countries: a case study of Tanzania and Nigeria. Energy Policy,24, 447–453.
  • Erdoğan, S., Gedikli, A., Demir Yılmaz, A., Haider, A. ve Zafar, M.W. (2020). Investigation of energy consumption–Economic growth nexus: A note on MENA sample. Energy Reports, 5, 1281–1292.
  • Gengenbach, C., Urbain, J. ve Westerlund, J. (2016). Error Correction Testing in Panels with Common Sthocastic Trends. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31, 982-1004.
  • Gozgor, G., Lau, C.K.M. ve Lu, Z. (2018). Energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from the OECD countries. Energy, 153, 27-34.
  • Kahouli, B. (2019). Does static and dynamic relationship between economic growth and energy consumption exist in OECD countries?. Energy Reports, 5, 104–116.
  • Konak, A. (2020). G-7 Ülkelerinde İhracatın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11 (21), 232-251. Muhammad, B. (2019). Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in developed, emerging and Middle East and North Africa countries. Energy, 179, 232-245.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing Power Parity Tests in Cointegrated Panels. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83 (4), 727-731.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M.H. ve Smith, R.P. (1995). Estimating Long-Run Relationship from Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 79-113.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Ullah, A. & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error crosssection independence. Econ J, 11 (1), 105-127.
  • Rahman MM, The dynamic nexus of energy consumption, international trade and economic growth in BRICS and ASEAN countries: A panel causality test. Energy, 229, 1-10.
  • Sadorsky, P. 2012. Energy Consumption, Output and Trade in South America, Energy Economics. 34, 476–488.
  • Saidi, K., Rahman, M.M. ve Amamri, M. (2017). The causal nexus between economic growth and energy consumption: New evidence from global panel of 53 countries. Sustainable Cities and Society, 33, 45–56.
  • Shahbaz, M., Zakaria, M., Shahzad, S.J.H. ve Mahalik, M.K. (2018). The energy consumption and economic growth nexus in top ten energy-consuming countries: Fresh evidence from using the quantile-on-quantile approach. Energy Economics, 71, 282–301.
  • Squalli, J., 2007. Electricity consumption and economic growth: bounds and causality analyses of OPEC countries. Energy Economics, 29, 1192–1205.
  • Swamy, P. (1970). Efficient Inference in A Random Coefficient Regression Model. Econometrica, 38(2), 311-322.
  • Sweeney, J.L. (2000). Economics of Energy. Stanford University, 4(9), 1-28.
  • Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2020). İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata Uygulamalı 4. Baskı, Beta, İstanbul.
  • Templet, P.H., 1999. Energy, diversity and development in economic systems: an empirical analysis. Energy Policy, 30, 223–233.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emrullah Mete 0000-0003-2240-9248

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Mete, E. (2021). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: G7 Ülkeleri Örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(4), 1481-1495. https://doi.org/10.16951/atauniiibd.938207

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