Polyurethane elastomer as a matrix material for short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 682 - 694, 30.09.2017

Ümit Tayfun , Mehmet Doğan , Erdal Bayramlı

https://doi.org/10.18038/aubtda.271011

Cited By: 3

Öz

Short carbon fibers (CF) with different surface sized (epoxy (EP) and polyurethane (PU)) were used as reinforcing agent in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) based composites. Composites containing 5, 10, 15, and 20 weight % sized and desized CFs were prepared by using melt-mixing method. The surface characteristics of CFs were examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Tensile testing, shore hardness test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and melt flow index (MFI) test were performed for determining final composite properties. The dispersion of CFs in TPU matrix was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile strength, Youngs’ modulus and Shore hardness of TPU were enhanced by the addition of sized CFs. About two-fold improvement for tensile strength and ten-fold improvement for Youngs’ modulus were observed with the incorporation of 20 wt% EP-CF and PU-CF in TPU. The storage modulus of PU-CF containing composites was higher than those of TPU and other composites. No remarkable change was observed in MFI value of TPU after CF loadings. Processing conditions in this work was suitable for composite production. Sized CFs exhibited better dispersion with regard to desized CF due to the stronger adhesion of TPU matrix to fiber surface.

Anahtar Kelimeler

carbon fiber, mechanical properties, thermoplastic polyurethane, fiber reinforced composites, thermoplastics

Kaynakça

• 1. Chand S. Review carbon fibers for composites. J Mater Sci 2000; 35: 1303-1313.
• 2. Akovali G. Handbook of composite fabrication. Rapra Technology: Shawbury, UK, 2001.
• 3. Paesano A, Cohee D and Palmese GR. Carbon-fiber reinforced thermoplastic materials for rigidizable space systems. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 2003; 16(2): 139-170.
• 4. SpecialChem. Thermoplastic Composites Market to be Worth USD 9.9 Billion in 2020. Available at: http://polymer-additives.specialchem.com/news/industry-news/thermoplastic-composites-market-to-be-worth-usd-9-9-billion-in-2020-marketsandmarkets-000176122 (2015, accessed 11 November 2016).
• 5. Materialstoday. Carbon fibre reinforced plastics market continues growth path (Part 1). Available at: http://www.materialstoday.com/carbon-fiber/features/carbon-fibre-reinforced-plastics-market-continues/ (2014, accessed 11 November 2016).
• 6. Composites Manufacturing. Are we near a breakthrough for the wide-scale use of thermoplastic composites in automotive?. Available at: http://compositesmanufacturingmagazine.com/2015/03/breakthrough-wide-scale-thermoplastic-composites-automotive/ (2015, accessed 11 November 2016).
• 7. Plastics Today. The long and short of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. Available at: http://www.plasticstoday.com/articles/PlastiComp-Xenia-form-strategic-partnership-150310 (2015, accessed 11 November 2016).
• 8. CompositesWorld. Ford introduces composites-intensive Ford GT carbon fiber supercar. Available at: http://www.compositesworld.com/news/ford-introduces-composites-intensive-ford-gt-carbon-fiber-supercar (2015, accessed 11 November 2016).
• 9. Ghassemieh E. New trends and developments in automotive industry. Rijeka, Croatia, InTech, 2011.
• 10. Bhowmick AK andStephens HL. Handbook of elastomers. 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker: New York, 2001.
• 11. Chen T-K, Tien Y-I and Wei K-H. Synthesis and characterization of novel segmented polyurethane/clay nanocomposites. Polymer 2000; 41: 1345–1353.
• 12. Le Monte B. Growing interest in TPUs for automobile design. Mater Design 1998; 19: 69-72.
• 13. Zhao Q and Chen M. Automotive plastic parts design, recycling, research, and
• 14. Mann D, Van den Bos JC and Way A. Automotive plastics and composites, 2nd ed., Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, 1999.
• 15. Suresha B. Friction and dry slide wear of short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 2010; 29: 1055-1061.
• 16. Gunes IS, Jimenez GA and Jana SC. Carbonaceous fillers for shape memory actuation of polyurethane composites by resistive heating. Carbon 2009; 47: 981-997.
• 17. Guo J, Wang Z, Tong L, et al. Shape memory and thermo-mechanical properties of shape memory polymer/carbon fiber composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci 2015; 76: 162–171.
• 18. Chung DDL. Carbon materials for structural self-sensing, electromagnetic
• 19. Kaynak C, Polat A and Yilmazer U. Some microwave and mechanical properties of carbon fiber-polypropylene and carbon black-polypropylene composites. Mater Res Bull 1996; 31: 1195–1206.
• 20. Lin C-W, Lin Z-Y, Lou C-W, et al. Wood plastic composites: Using carbon fiber to create electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 2015; 28(7): 1047-1057.
• 21. Kang GJ and Kang BS. Dynamic analysis of fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolation structures. J Mech Sci Technol 2009; 23: 1132–1141.
• 22. Moon BY, Kong GY, Kong BS, et al. Design and manufacturing of fibre reinforced elastomeric isolator for seismic isolation. J Mater Process Technol 2002; 130-131: 145–150.
• 23. Correa RA, Nunes RCR and Franco Filho WZ. Effect of injections on the orientation of short fibre composites. An optical microscopic analysis. Polym Test 1996; 15: 467-475.
• 24. Correa RA, Nunes RCR and Franco Filho WZ. Short fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composites. Polym Compos 1998; 19: 152-155.
• 25. Sanchez-Adsuar MS, Linares-Solano A, Cazorla-Amoros D, et al. Influence of the nature and the content of carbon fiber on properties of thermoplastic polyurethane–carbon fiber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2003; 90: 2676-2683.
• 26. Brown R. Handbook of polymer testing-Physical methods, Rapra Technology,
• 27. Brooks R. Composites in automotive applications: Design, In Comprehensive composite materials, edited by A. Kelly, C. Zweben, Pergamon, Oxford, 2000.
• 28. Park S-J and Kim B-J. Roles of acidic functional groups of carbon fiber surfaces in enhancing interfacial adhesion behavior. Mater Sci Eng A 2005; 408: 269–273.
• 29. Zawadzki J. IR spectroscopy investigations of acidic character of carbonaceous films oxidized with HNO solution. Carbon 1981; 19: 19–25.
• 30. Severini F, Formaro L, Pegoraro M, et al. Chemical modification of carbon fiber surfaces. Carbon 2002; 40: 735–741.
• 31. Silverstein R and Webster F. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. Wiley, New York, 2006.
• 32. Liang JZ. Predictions of tensile strength of short inorganic fibre reinforced polymer composites. Polym Test 2011; 30: 749–752.
• 33. Liang JZ. Predictions of Young’s modulus of short inorganic fiber reinforced polymer composites. Compos Part B Eng 2012; 43: 1763–1766.
• 34. Karsli N.G., Aytac A. and Deniz V. Effects of initial fiber length and fiber length distribution on the properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced-polypropylene composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 2012; 31: 1053–1060.
• 35. Tayfun U. Influence of surface treatment of fillers on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites, Ph D. Thesis, Polymer Science and Technology, METU, 2015.
• 36. Bayramli E and Powell RL. Impregnation dynamics of carbon fiber tows. J Compos Mater 1992; 26: 1427–1442.
• 37. Ozkoc, G., Bayram, G. and Bayramli, E. Effects of polyamide 6 incorporation to the short glass fiber reinforced ABS composites: An interfacial approach, Polymer 2004; 45: 8957–8966.