Global Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) and Cultivated Plants

Yıl 2010, , 71 - 79, 01.05.2010

Hakan Ulukan

https://doi.org/10.1501/Csaum_0000000026

Cited By: 2

Öz

It was investigated the effect of global climate change and greenhouse gases on plants which were grouped as cultivated and related information was given. As known, agricultural sector is very sensitive to the global climate change, GHGs and their interactions. Especially, this formation is very effective on flora and fauna. On the other hand, agriculture is the second largest industrial contributor to the GHGs. It is likely to get affected positively and negatively by the climate change, but negative effects are feared to be than the positives. They contribute to unwanted effect(s) through the emission of Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH), Nitrous oxide (N20), Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs), etc. gases. Especially, from them CH4 has the highest global warming potential that is about 300 times than the potential of CO2, and about 20 times than that of the N20. According to research findings, it is being informed that the average temperature of the Earth would be rise up to (1.4–5.8 0C) by 2100, and, various agricultural ecosystems (poly, mono and mixed) including agro-forestry, agro-silvopastoral systems, landscape, aquaculture, rangelands, wetlands and fallowlands, etc. many components will affect from this at various levels. Similarly, increases in concentration of CO2 gase will increase plant growth and water use efficiency (WUE) or consumption, reduces grain filling and nutrient use-efficiency. The purpose of the paper is state of the relationships among global climate change, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and cultivated plants

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global climate change, Glasshouse gases (GHGs), Cultivated plants

Global Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) and Cultivated Plants

Öz

Küresel iklim değişikliği ve sera gazlarının gruplandırılan kültür bitkilerine etkileri irdelenerek, bu konuda ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir. Bilindiği üzere, tarım sektörü, küresel iklim değişikliği ve sera gazları ile bunların etkileşimlerine karşı çok duyarlıdır ve özellikle bu oluşum flora ve fauna için çok etkilidir. Öte yandan, tarım, sera gazları (GHGs) açısından en büyük endüstriyel katılımcıdır ve bu oluşumun pozitif ya da negatif sonuçlarının olması olasıdır. Ancak, bu etkilerin pozitiflerinden çok negatiflerinden korkulmaktadır. Karbondioksit (CO), Metan (CH4), Nitroz oksit (N20), Klorofloro karbonlar (CFCs) gibi gazların emisyonları, söz konusu oluşuma katkı vererek istenmeyen etkileri oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle bunlardan metan (CH4) gazı, CO2’den 300; H20’dan da 20 kat daha yüksek küresel ısınma potansiyeline sahiptir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, 2100 yılına kadar (1.4-5.8 oC) yükseleceği tahmin edilen dünya ortalama sıcaklığından; aralarında (poli, mono ve karışık) olmak üzere ormancılık, agro-silvo-pastoral sistemler, peyzaj, su kültürleri (aquakültürler), çiftlikler, ıslak alanlar ve nadas alanları gibi pek çok tarımsal ekosistemin bundan değişik şekilde etkileneceği ifade edilmektedir. Benzer şekilde, CO2 gazı derişimindeki artış bitki büyümesini ve su kullanma etkinliği ya da tüketimini artıracak tane dolumu ve besin maddesi etkinliğini azaltacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel iklim değişikliği, Sera gazları (GHGs), Kültür bitkileri

Kaynakça

• Anonymous, 2010. Issue Brief: Climate Change: Impacts on Global Agriculture. WMO, FIPA, IFAP, The Farmers’ Voice at The World Level, pp. 1-6.
• Conrad, R. 2002. Control of Microbial Methane Production in Wetland Rice Fields. Nutrient Cycling
• in Agro-Ecosystems, 64:59–69.
• Cline, W. 2008. Global Warming and Agriculture. Finance & Development, 23–27.
• Çakır, E., Aykas, E., Yalçın, H. ve Dereli, İ. 2009. The Benefit of Conservation Tillage and Its Applications in the World and Turkey, 1st Int. Congress on Global Climate Change and Agriculture May 28-30 Tekirdağ, Türkiye, 124–134.
• Cutforth, H.W., McGinn, S.M., McPhee, E. and Miller, P.R. 2007. Adaptation of Pulse Crops to The Changing Climate of The Northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 99: 1684–1699.
• DaMatta, F.M., Grandis, A., Arenque, B.C. and Buckeridge, M.S. 2009. Impacts of Climate Changes on Crop Physiology and Food Quality. Food Research Intl, doi: 0.1016/j.foodres.2009.11.001.
• Di Norcia, V., 2008. Global warming is man made: Key points the international panel on climate Change 2007 Report, Hard Like Water–Ethics In Business, Oxford University Press, UK, 1–4.
• Dhakhawa, G.B., Campbell, C.L. 1998. Potential Effects of Differential Day-Night Warming in Global Climate Change on Crop Production. Climate Change, 40: 647–667.
• Fernande, I., Uzun, B., Pascoal, C. and Cassio, F. 2009. Responses of Aquatic Fungal Communities on Leaf Litter to Temperature-Change Events. International Review of Hydrobiology, 94: 410– 418.
• Fuhrer, J. 2003. Agro-ecosystem Responses to Combination of Elevated CO2, Ozone, and Global Climate Change. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 97, 20 pages.
• Fuhrer, J. 2009. Climate Change–Risks and Opportunities for Agriculture, 1st Int. Congress on Global Climate Change and Agriculture May 28-30 Tekirdağ, Türkiye, 81–87.
• Gates, M.D. 1990. Climate Change and Forests. Tree Physiology, 7: 1–5.
• Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Lacis, A. and Valdar, O. 2000. Global Warming in The Twenty-First Century: An Alternative Scenario. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97 (18):9875–9880.
• Houghton, J. 2005. Global Warming. Reports on Progress in Physics, 68: 1343–1403.
• IPCC, 2001. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, UK. 980 pages.
• IPCC, 2007. New Assessment Methods and The Characterisation of Future Conditions. In: Climate change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to The Fourth Assessment Report of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 976 pages.
• Krupa, S.V. 1997. Global Climate Change: Processes and Products-An Overview. Environmental Monitoring and Assesment, 46:73–88.
• Mei, H., Chengjun, J.I., Wenyun, Z. and Jinsheng, H.E. 2007. Interactive Effects of Elevated CO2 and Temperature on The Anatomical Characteristics of Leaves in Eleven Species. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26:326–333.
• Norby, R.J, Luo, Y., 2004. Evaluating Ecosystems Responses to Rising at Atmospheric CO2 and Global Warming in a Multi-Factor World. New Phytologist, 162:281–293.
• Olesen, J.E. and Bindi, M. 2002. Consequences of Climate Change for European Agricultural Productivity, Land Use and Policy. European Journal of Agronomy, 16: 239–262.
• Olesen, J.E. and Bindi, M. 2004. Agricultural Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change in Europe. Farm Policy Journal, 1:36–46.
• Prasad, P.K. 2009. Effects of Agriculture on Climate Change: A Cross Country Study of Factors Affecting Carbon Emissions. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 10: 72–88.
• Rogers, H.H., Runion, G.B. and Krupa, S.V. 1994. Environmental Pollution. 83: 155–189.
• Romanova, A.K. 2005. Physiological and Biochemical Aspects and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to the Elevated Concentration of Atmospheric CO2. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 52: 112–126.
• Rosenzweigh, C. and Hillel, D. 1995. Potential Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Supply. Consequences, 1: 24–32.
• Rötter, R. and Van De Geijn. 1999. Climate Change Effects on Plant Growth, Crop Yield and Livestock. Climatic Change, 43: 651–681.
• Singh, B., Mustapha, E. M, Pierre, A., Bryant, C.R. and Thouez, J-P. 1998. Impacts of A GHG- Induced Climate Change on Crop Yields: Effects of Acceleration in Maturation, Moisture Stress and Optimal Temperature. Climatic Change, 38: 51-86.
• Thomson, A.M.R.A., Brown, N.J., Roseberg, R., Lazuralde, C. and Benson, V. 2005. Climate Change Impacts for the Conterminous USA: An Integrated Assesment = Part 3. Dryland Production of Grain and Forage Crops. Climate Change, 69: 43–65.
• Tubiello, F.N. and Ewert, F. 2002. Simulating The Effects of Elevated CO2 on Crops: Approaches and Applications for Climate Change. European Journal of Agronomy, 18: 57–74.
• Ulukan, H. 2008. Agronomic Adaptation of Some Field Crops: A General Approach. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194:169–179.
• Ulukan, H. 2009a. Environmental Management of Field Crops: A Case Study of Turkish Agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 11: 483–494.
• Ulukan, H. 2009b. The Evolution of Cultivated Plant Species: Classical Plant Breeding versus Genetic Engineering. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 280:133–142.
• Uzmen, R. 2007. Global Warming and Climate Changing, Is it a Catastroph for The Humanity? Knowledge and Culture Publ., No 221, Ankara, Turkey, pp 176 [in Turkish]
• Ward, J.K., Myers, D.A. and Thomas, R.B. 2008. Physiological and Growth Responses of C3 and C4 Plants to Reduced Temperature When Grown at Low CO2 of The Last Ice Age. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50: 1388–1395.
• Zhai, F., and Zhuang, J. 2009. Agricultural Impact of Climate Change: A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. ADBI Working Paper 131. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. 21 pages.
• Ziska, L.H., Bunce, J.A. and Caulfield, F.A. 2001. Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Seed Yield of Soybean Genotypes. Crop Science, 41: 385–391.
• Zavarzin, A.G. 2001. The Role of Biota in Global Climate Change. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 48(2):265–272.