Bazı toprak kökenli funguslara karşı defne esansiyel yağı ve hidrosölünün antifungal etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 217 - 226, 20.12.2019

Muharrem Türkkan , Ömer Çalışkan , İsmail Erper , Şevket Metin Kara , Muhammet Akif Açıkgöz

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.476209

Öz

Mevcut çalışmada, defne (Laurus nobilis L.) yağının ve
hidrosölünün Fusarium oxysporum f.
sp. cepae, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, Macrophomina
phaseolina ve Sclerotium rolfsii’ye
karşı antifungal etkileri in vitro ve
toprak test yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca uçucu yağın
kimyasal bileşenleri GC-MS analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Ana bileşeni
1,8-sineole (%57.03) olan uçucu yağda on altı bileşen tespit edilmiştir.
Miselyal gelişme, spor çimlenmesi ve sklerotial çimlenme dahil olmak üzere tüm in vitro çalışmalarda, uçucu yağın dört
fungusun hepsine karşı inhibitör etkisi, uçucu yağ hidrosölününkünden çok daha
yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, F.
oxysporum f. sp. cepae, M. phaseolina, R. solani AG-4 ve S. rolfsii
için uçucu yağın EC₅₀, MIC ve MFC değerleri sırasıyla 9.84, >40
ve >40, 5.28, >40 ve >40, 3.55, 20 ve >40, ve 2.74, 20 ve 40
µl/petri’ydi. Toprak testlerinde, uçucu yağ (40 µL/petri) R. solani AG-4 ve S. rolfsii’nin
misel gelişimini tamamen engellemiş, ancak F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae ve M. phaseolina’nın
misel gelişimini sırasıyla %63.61 ve %95.53’e kadar azaltmıştır. Bununla birlikte, uçucu yağın birinci grup funguslara karşı
engelleyici etkisi ile M. phaseolina’nınki
arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Uçucu yağ hidrosölünün en yüksek konsantrasyonunda (%40,
w/v) bile, F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, M. phaseolina, R. solani
AG-4 ve S. rolfsii’nin miselyal
gelişimini sırasıyla  %2.91, 5.36, 26.80
ve 35.13’e kadar azaltmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, çeşitli toprak kökenli
fungusların kontrolünde defne uçucu yağlarının kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Defne, uçucu yağ, toprak kökenli funguslar, alternatif kontrol

Kaynakça

• Adams, R.P., 1995. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation Carol Stream, IL, USA, 469 p.
• Agrios, G. N., 2005. Plant pathology, 5 th. edn. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 948 p.
• Alaniz, S., Abad-Campos, P., García-Jiménez, J., Armengol, J., 2011. Evaluation of fungicides to control Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum in vitro, and their effect during the rooting phase in the grapevine propagation process. Crop Protection, 30: 489-494.
• Anonymous, 2018. Bitki koruma ürünleri veri tabanı programı. Available at https://bku.tarim.gov.tr. (Erişim tarihi: 11 Ekim 2018).
• Arslan, Ü., İlhan, K., Vardar, C., Karabulut, Ö. A., 2009. Evaluation of antifungal activity of food additives against soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol., 25: 537-543.
• Baratta, M.T., Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Ruberto, G., 1998. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of some commercial essential oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 13: 235-244.
• Bouchra, C., Achouri, M., Idrissi Hassani, L.M., Hmamouchi, M., 2003. Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils of Seven Moroccan Labiatae Against Botrytis cinera. Fr. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89: 165-169.
• Bowers, J.H., Locke, J.C., 2004. Effect of Formulated Plant Extract and Oils on Population Density of Phytophthora nicotianae in Soil and Control of Phytophthora blight in the Greenhouse. Plant Disease, 88: 11-16.
• Boyraz, N., Özcan, M., 2005. Antifungal effect of some spice hydrosols. Fitoterapia, 76: 661- 665.
• Boyraz, N., Özcan, M., 2006. Inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by essential oil, hydrosol, ground material and extract of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) growing wild in Turkey. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 107: 238-242.
• Çakır, C., 1992. Antalya ve çevresinde doğal olarak yetişen bazı bitkilerin fungitoksik potansiyellerinin araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, 91sayfa.   Cosentino S., Tuberoso C.I.G., Pisano B., Satta M., Mascia V., Arzedi E., Palmas F., 1999. In vitro antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Sardinian Thymus essential oils. Letters of Applied Microbiology, 29: 130-135.
• Daferera, D.J., Ziogas, B.N., Polissiou, M.G., 2003. The Effectiveness of Plant Essential Oils on the Growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp. and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Crop Protection, 22: 39-44.
• De Corato, U., Maccioni, O., Trupo, and Di Sanzo, G., 2010. Use of essential oil of Laurus nobilis obtained by means of a supercritical carbondioxide technique against post harvest spoilage fungi. Crop Protection, 29: 142-147.
• Duniway, J.M., 2002. Status of Chemical Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for Preplant Fumigation of Soil. Phytopathology, 92: 1337-1343.
• Fan, C.M., Xiong, G.R., Qi, P., Ji, G.H., He, Y.Q., 2008. Potential biofumigation effects of Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa on growth of fungi. Journal of Phytopathology, 156:321-325.
• Farih, A., Menge, J.A., Tsao, P.H., Ohr, H.D., 1981. Metalaxyl and efosite aluminum for control of Phytophthora gummosis and root rot on citrus. Plant Disease, 65: 654-657. Giese, J., 1994. Spices and seasoning blends: A taste for all seasons. Food Technology, 48: 87-98.
• Isman, B.M., 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Protection, 19: 603-608.
• Köse, F., 2007. Turunçgillerde hasat sonrası patojenlere karşı bazı bitki uçucu yağlarının antifungal etkinliği. Y. Lisans Tezi, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Antakya/Hatay, 55s.
• Lee, S.O., Choi, G.J., Jang, K.S., Lim, H.K., Cho, K.Y., Kim, J., 2007. Antifungal Activity of Five Plant Essential Oils as Fumigant Against Postharvest and Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Plant Pathol. Journal, 23 (2): 97-102.
• McLafferty, F.W., 1994. Wiley Registry of Mass Spectral Data. New York: Wiley.
• Müller-Riebau, F., Berger, B., Yeğen, O., 1995. Chemical composition and Fungitoxic properties to phytopathogenic fungi of essential oils of selected aromatic plants growing wild in Turkey. J. Agric. Food Chem., 43: 2262-2266.
• Omidbeygi, M., Barzegar M., Hamidi Z., Naghdibadi H., 2007. Antifungal activity of thyme, summer savory and clove essential oils against Aspergillus flavus in liquid medium and tomato paste. Food Control, 18: 1518-1523.
• Paulitz, T.C., Belanger, R.R., 2001. Biological control in greenhouses systems. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 39: 103-133.
• Pitarokili, D., Tzakou, O., Loukis, A. and Harvala, C., 2003. Volatile Metabolites from Salvia fruticosa as Antifungal Agents in Soilborne Pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51 (11): 3294-3301.
• Ristic, M.D., Duletic-Lausavic, S., Knezevic-Vukcevic, J., Marin, P.D., Simic, D., Vukojevic, J., Janackovic, P., Vajs, V., 2000. Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Ethanol Extract of Phlomis fruticosa L. (Lamiaceae). Phytotherapy Research, 14: 267-271.
• Rota, C., Carramiñana J.J., Burillo, J., Herrera, A., 2004. In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens. Journal of Food Protection, 67: 1252-1256.
• Siddiqui, I.A., Shaukat, S.S., Khan, G.H., Zaki, M.J., 2002. Evaluation of Argemone mexicana for control of root-infecting fungi in tomato. Journal of Phytopathology, 150: 321-329.
• Soylu, E.M., Tok, M.F., Soylu, S., Kaya, A.D., Evrendilek, G.A., 2005a. Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oil on Post-harvest Disease Agent Penicillium digitatum. Pakistan J. Biol Sci, 8: 25-29.
• Soylu, E.M., YiğitbaĢ, H., Tok, M.F., Soylu, S., Baysal, O., Kaya, A.D., 2005b. Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Artemisia annua L. Against Foliar and Soilborne Fungal Pathogens. Z. Pflanzenk Pflanze, 112: 229-239.
• Soylu, E.M., Soylu, S., and Kurt, Ş., 2006. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans. Mycopathologia, 161: 119-128.
• Soylu, S. Yigitbas, H., Soylu E.M. and Kurt, S., 2007. Antifungal effects of essential oils from oregano and fennel on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103: 1021-1030.
• Soylu, E. M., İncekara, R., 2017. Biofungicidal activities of plant essential oils against cucumber root and stem rot disease caused by Fusarıum oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. Journal of Plant Pathology, 99 (2): 437-444.
• Thompson, D.P., 1989. Fungitoxic activity of essential oil components on food storage fungi. Mycologia, 81: 151-153. Türkölmez, Ş., Soylu, E. M., 2014. Antifungal Efficacies of Plant Essential Oils and Main Constituents Against Soil-Borne Fungal Disease Agents of Bean. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 17(2): 203-211.
• Tripathi, P., Dubey, N.K., Banerji, R., Chansouria, J.P.N., 2004. Evaluation of some essential oils as botanical fungi toxicants in management of post-harvest rotting of citrus fruits. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 20: 317-321.
• Walter, M., Jaspers, M.V., Eade, K., Frampton, C.M., Stewart, A., 2001. Control of Botrytis cinerea in Grape using Thyme Oil. Australasian Plant Pathology, 30: 21-25.
• Wilson, C.L., Solar, J.M., El Ghaouth, A., Wisniewski, M.E., 1997. Rapid Evaluation of Extracts and Essential Oils for Antifungal Activity Against Botrytis cinerea. Plant Disease, 81: 204-210.
• Yangui, T., Rhouma, A., Triki, M.A., Gargouri, K., Bouzid, J., 2008. Control of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani using olive mill waste water and some of its indigenous bacterial strains. Crop Protection, 27: 189-197.
• Yeşil Çeliktaş, O., Hames Kocabaş, E.E., Bedir, E., Vardar Sukan, F., Özek, T., Baser, K.H.C., 2007. Antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts and essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, depending on location and seasonal variations. Food Chemistry, 100: 553-559.
• Yuen, G.Y., Schroth, M.N., Weinhold, A.R., Hancock, J.G., 1991. Effects of soil fumigation with methyl bromide and chloropicrin on root health and yield of strawberry. Plant Disease, 75: 416-420.
• Zambonelli, A., Zechini D'aulerio, A., Bianchi, A., Albasin, A., 1996. Effects of Essential Oils on Phytopathogenic Fungi In vitro. Journal of Phytopathology, 144: 380-383.