The Effect of Gyttja Applications on Cadmium and Nutrient Uptake of Bread and Durum Wheat

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 353 - 362, 29.12.2022

Suat Akgül , Özlem Ete Aydemir , Faruk Özkutlu

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1199459

Cited By: 2

Öz

Objective: In this study, bread and durum wheat grown under Cd and gyttja applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cultivars on dry matter yield, cadmium (Cd) and mineral nutrients (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese) intake.
Materials and methods: In the greenhouse conditions, two bread (Eser and Demir) and two durum (Altın and Kızıltan) wheat varieties were carried out under 3 different Cd (0, 5 and 10 mg Cd kg-1 soil) and 4 different gyttja (0%, 2%, 4% and 8% soil) doses according to the randomized plot design in the pot experiment. At the end of the study, Cd and mineral nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) were measured.
Results: It has been determined that there are differences in the effects of increasing doses of gyttja applications on dry matter production. Accordingly, the highest dry matter yield was obtained with 2% application of gyttja and it increased by 187% compared to the control. In the study, it was determined that there were significant differences in Cd uptake of wheat species. It was found that more Cd was transported to durum wheat varieties than bread wheat varieties. The effects of increasing doses of gyttja applications on Cd transport to wheat species were different. Accordingly, compared to the control pots, it increased the Cd concentration of bread wheats due to gyttja application, but decreased the Cd concentration of durum wheats. Depending on the gyttja applications, it was determined that there were differences in nutrient transport between wheat species. Although the uptake of P, Cu, Zn and Mn in bread wheat varieties is higher than in durum wheat, it was found that K, Ca, Mg and Fe nutrients were transported more in durum wheat varieties compared to bread wheat varieties.
Conclusion: The use of gyttja applications can be recommended as it can reduce Cd transport to durum wheat in Cd polluted areas and increase the transport of mineral nutrients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, Cadmium, Gyttja

Gidya uygulamalarının ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğdayların kadmiyum ve besin elementi alımı üzerine etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, Cd ve gidya uygulamaları altında yetiştirilen ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin kuru madde verimi, kadmiyum (Cd) ve mineral besin elementleri (fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum, demir, bakır, çinko, mangan) alımı üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve metot: Sera koşullarında, saksı denemesinde iki ekmeklik (Eser ve Demir) ve iki makarnalık (Altın ve Kızıltan) buğday çeşitleri tesadüf parselleri deneneme desenine göre 3 farklı Cd (0, 5 ve 10 mg Cd kg-1 toprak) ve 4 farklı gidya (%0, %2, %4 ve %8 toprak) dozları altında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda, Cd ve mineral besin elementleri (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn) ölçülmüştür.
Araştırma bulguları: Artan dozlarda gidya uygulamalarının kuru madde üretimi üzerine etkilerinde farklılar olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna göre, gidya’nın %2 uygulamasıyla en yüksek kuru madde verimi elde edilmiş olup kontrole göre %187 oranında artış sağlamıştır. Araştırmada, buğday türlerinin Cd alımlarında önemli farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Makarnalık buğday çeşitlerine ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinden daha fazla Cd taşındığı bulunmuştur. Artan dozlarda gidya uygulamalarının buğday türlerine Cd taşınması üzerine etkisi farklı olmuştur. Buna göre, kontrol saksılarıyla kıyaslandığında ekmeklik buğdayların Cd konsantrasyonunu gidya uygulamasına bağlı olarak arttırmasına karşın makarnalık buğdayların Cd konsantrasyonunu azaltmıştır. Gidya uygulamalarına bağlı olarak, buğday türleri arasında besin elementleri taşınımlarında farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin P, Cu, Zn ve Mn alımları makarnalık buğdaylara göre daha fazla olmasına karşın makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinde de K, Ca, Mg ve Fe besin elementleri ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerine kıyasla daha fazla taşındığı bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Gidya uygulamalarının Cd ile kirli alanlarda makarnalık buğdaylara Cd taşınımını azaltabileceği ve mineral besin elementlerinin taşınımını artırabileceği için kullanımı önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gidya, Ekmeklik Buğday, Makarnalık Buğday, Kadmiyum, Keywords: Gyttja, Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, Cadmium

Kaynakça

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