Rezene Bitkisinde Kimyasal Gübre Yerine Organik Gübre Kullanımının Morfolojik ve Verime Etkisi Üzerine Araştırma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 137 - 148, 05.07.2024

Gülsüm Yaldız , Mahmut Çamlıca

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1410685

Öz

Amaç: Sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim için kimyasal gübrelerin yerine alternatif bir yöntem olarak organik gübreler kullanılabilir. Koyun gübresi ve vermikompost en önemli alternatif uygulamalardır. Bu gübreler toprağın verimliliğini, bitki verimliliğini ve kalitesini artırabilir. Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare L.), insanlık tarihi boyunca tıbbi ve aromatik bir bitki olarak kullanılmış olup, gıda katkı maddesi, farmakolojik madde ve tıbbi uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, farklı organik gübreler (10, 15 ve 20 t/ha koyun gübresi (KG) ve vermikompost gübre (VG), kimyasal gübre (Amonyum sülfat (AS)-40, 80, 120 kg/ha) ve kontrol (gübresiz) uygulamalarının rezenenin morfolojisi, verimi ile uçucu yağ ve sabit yağ verimi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırmanın sonuçları, rezenenin sadece bitki boyu ve sabit yağ veriminde istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Meyve verimi 90.14 kg/da ile 122.72 kg/da arasında değişmekte olup, 80 kg/ha amonyum sülfat (AS-2) ve 10 t/ha koyun gübresi (KG-1) uygulamaları en yüksek değerleri vermiştir. Uçucu yağ verimi ve sabit yağ verimi sırasıyla 2.57-3.85 L/da ve 16.18-36.90 L/da arasında değişmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda KG-1 uygulamasının diğer uygulamalarla karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek bin meyve ağırlığı, meyve verimi, uçucu yağ verimi ve sabit yağ verimine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. PCA analizi incelenen özellikler arasındaki ilişkileri göstermiş ve bileşen 1 ve bileşen 2 değerleri toplam varyasyonunun %61.50'sini ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Sonuç: Sürdürülebilir tarım için rezenenin yüksek meyve, uçucu yağ ve sabit yağ verimi için koyun gübresi uygulaması (KG-1) kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uçucu yağ verimi, Foeniculum vulgare L., Sabit yağ verimi, Organik tarım, PCA

Destekleyen Kurum

The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit-Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Türkiye.

Proje Numarası

2021.10.07.1493

Research on the Use of Organic Fertilizer Instead of Chemical Fertilizer and Its Effect on the Morphological and Yield in Fennel Plant

Öz

Objective: Organic manures can be used as an alternative method to replace chemical fertilizers for sustainable agricultural production. Sheep manure and vermicompost are the most important alternative applications. These manures can increase soil fertility, plant productivity, and quality. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) has been used as a medicinal and aromatic plant throughout human history, and it is widely used as a food additive, pharmacological substance, and medicinal application.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to determine the effect of different organic applications (sheep manure (SM) and vermicompost manure (VM)-10, 15, and 20 t/ha) and chemical fertilizer (Ammonium sulfate (AS)-40, 80, and 120 kg/ha) with a control (no fertilizer or manure) on the morphology, yield, and essential oil, and fixed oil yield of fennel. Results: The results of the study showed that significant statistical differences were found only in plant height and the fixed oil yield of fennel. The fruit yield ranged from 90.14 kg/da to 122.72 kg/da, and the 80 kg/ha ammonium sulfate (AS-2) and 10 t/ha sheep manure (SM-1) applications had the highest values. Essential oil yield and fixed oil yield changed between 2.57-3.85 L/da and 16.18-36.90 L/da, respectively. The result of the study suggested that applications of SM-1 had the highest thousand fruit weight, fruit yield, essential oil yield, and fixed oil yield compared to other applications. PCA analysis showed the relationships among the examined properties, and component 1 and component 2 revealed 61.50% of the total variation of the valuables.
Conclusion: Sheep manure application (SM-1) can be used for the high fruit, essential oil, and fixed oil yield of fennel for sustainable agriculture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Essential oil yield, Foeniculum vulgare L., Fixed oil yield, Organic farming, PCA

Proje Numarası

2021.10.07.1493

Kaynakça

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