SEKÜLERLEŞEN TOPLUMSAL ZEMİNDE MACARİSTAN’DA DEVLET İLE KİLİSELERİN UZLAŞISI

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 261 - 288, 29.12.2018

Önder Canveren

Öz

Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde siyasi liberalleşme sürecine giren Macaristan’da siyasetin her alanında olduğu gibi din ve devlet ilişkileri alanında da yeniden yapılanma süreci başlamıştır. Bu yeni süreçte tartışma, Kiliselerin özerkliği ve devletin tarafsızlığı ilkeleri üzerinden etki, kazanımlar ve sınırlar üzerinden devam etmiştir. Saha çalışmasının yapıldığı ve süreç analizine dayanan bu makalede, din-devlet ilişkileri açısından ülkedeki değişim ve dönüşüm, tarihsel sosyolojik yaklaşımla irdelenmiştir. İlişkilerin tarihsel, hukuki, toplumsal ve ekonomik boyutlarının ele alındığı araştırmada, Kiliselerin kamusal alanda güçlendiği ve özellikle sağ siyasetin iktidar olmasıyla özerkliğini ve faaliyet alanlarını arttırdığı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Buna rağmen Macar toplumundaki sekülerleşme, ülkede Kiliseler ve muhafazakâr siyaset için yeni ve zorlu bir düzlemin sinyallerini vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Macaristan, din-devlet ilişkileri, laiklik, sekülerleşme

THE CONSENSUS OF THE STATE AND CHURCHES IN HUNGARY ON SECULARISING SOCIAL GROUND

Öz

As in other areas of politics, distinctive processes of re-structuring have begun in the field of religion and state relations in Hungary, where political liberalization has entered in the post-Cold War era. Discussions surrounding these changes have primarily detailed their impacts, gains and boundaries associated with the principles of autonomy for churches and state neutrality. This article examines the changes and transformations Hungary is currently undergoing in terms of religion-state relations from a historical sociological approach, based on field studies and process analysis. Analyses, with regard to the historical, legal, social and economic dimensions of this relationship reveal the churches influences are dramatically strengthened in the public arena; in addition, their autonomy and activities have increased, primarily due to the rise of conservative governments. Nevertheless, the secularization of Hungarian society signals a new and challenging path for both the church and conservative politics in the country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hungary, state-religion relations, laicism, secularisation

Kaynakça

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