Moringa Ağacı (Moringa oleifera Lam.): Biyolojik Özellikleri, Kültürü ve Tıbbi Faydaları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 56 - 75, 31.08.2021

Nurullah Okumuş , Amir Soltanbeigi

Öz

Son yıllarda dünya nüfusunun artışı ile birlikte, insanların gıda ve sağlık ihtiyaçlarında da yükseliş ve değişiklik görülmektedir. Buna paralel olarak, toplumun bilinçlenmesi sonucu doğal ve sağlıklı ürünlerin tüketimine yönelik rağbet artmıştır. Uzun geçmişe sahip olan Moringa Ağacı [Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)], tüm kısımlarında (kök, gövde, dal, kabuk, yaprak, çiçek, legümen ve tohum) içerdiği sekonder metabolitleri, besin değeri, tarımsal ve endüstriyel özellikleri nedeniyle ilgi çekerek geniş çapta kullanılmaktadır. Orta büyüklükte olan Moringa Ağacı, Güney Asya kökenlidir, ancak günümüzde sub-tropikal ve tropikal iklim koşullarına sahip ülkelerde de yayılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu ağacın orta derecede kuraklık ve hafif don olaylarına dayanıklılığı ile birlikte düşük bakım maliyeti de yayılışında etkili olmuştur. Moringa Ağacı proteinler, lipitler, karbonhidratlar, vitaminler, amino asitler ve iz mineraller gibi 90'dan fazla besin maddesi içerir. Moringa Ağacı içerdiği etken maddeleri sayesinde anti-oksidan, anti-enflamatuar, immünomodülatör, anti-kanser, hipoglisemik, hipolipidemik, hepato ve böbrek protektifi gibi aktivitelere sahiptir ve sağlık alanında birçok araştırmaya konu olmaktadır. Bu derlemede Moringa Ağacı'nın botanik, biyolojik, ekolojik, tarımsal, yetiştiricilik, besin değeri, tıbbi etkileri ve farklı kullanım alanları hakkında bilgi verilmesi hedeflenilmiştir. Sunulan bu bilgiler ışığında Moringa Ağacı gıda, sağlık ve diğer endüstrilerdeki ileri uygulamalar için bir temel oluşturabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme, Biyoaktif bileşen, Moringa oleifera, Mucize Ağacı, Sağlık

Miracle Tree (Moringa oleifera): Biological Characteristics, Cultivation and Medicinal Benefits

Öz

Due to the enhance in the world's population in recent years, human food and health needs are increasing and changing inevitability. Concurrently, as a result of community awareness, the desire to consume natural and healthy products has increased. Moringa Tree [Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)], which has an ancient history, is widely used in all parts (root, stem, branch, shell, leaf, flower, legume and seed) due to its secondary metabolites, nutritional values, agricultural and industrial properties. The medium-sized Moringa Tree is South Asian origin, but today it has also spread in countries with sub-tropical and tropical climatic conditions. Besides, low management costs, tolerance to moderate to severe drought stress and mild frost have spread the cultivation area of this plant. The various Moringa Tree parts contain more than 90 nutrients such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, amino acids and micro minerals. According to its bioactive ingredients, Moringa Tree has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepato- renal protective activities. In consequence, shedding light on the specifications of this plant has been the subject of numerous studies in the field of health. In this review, a comprehensive overview is provided on botanical, biological, ecological, cultivation, nutritional values, medicinal effects, and other Moringa Tree applications. The presented information can be used to further apply Moringa Tree in food, pharmaceutical, and other industries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bioctive ingredient, Health, Miracle Tree, Moringa oleifera, Nutrition

Kaynakça

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